可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择行为的实证研究
|
摘要
自然界中以化石或岩石形式存在的资源是可耗竭资源,依赖于这类资源生存与发展的可耗竭资源型企业,有着与资源的可利用周期紧密相关的“开发–上升–稳定–衰退”的生命周期。我国的大中型可耗竭资源型企业多为国有企业,随着多年的开采和资源的逐渐耗竭,相继调整了发展战略,选择西部资源富集的理想区位,实施跨区转移行为。对于这类行为的研究不仅对于解决可耗竭资源型企业衰退期的生存与发展问题,保证社会的稳定与和谐,有着重要的现实意义,而且对于弥补可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择行为的研究缺憾,丰富可耗竭资源型企业战略管理的研究内容,拓宽工业区位理论和组织行为理论的研究思路,具有一定的理论意义。
本文依据规范的、科学的实证研究思路,以收集整理的2001–2009年我国境内可耗竭资源型企业跨区转移的112个项目为基础,提炼描述了可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择的特征行为,分析了这些行为的统计规律;探究了可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择行为的驱动因素,并进行了问卷调查和度量分析,采用行为四分图和趋势面图揭示了这些行为的特征和趋势;从理论与文献研究,以及访谈调查中归纳提炼了可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择行为的影响因素,构建了影响因素的结构方程模型,进行了实证研究,进而揭示了这些影响因素的影响方式和影响路径,并提出了相应的政策措施。本文得到的主要结论有:
(1)可耗竭资源型企业的转移行为在“行为收益”和“行为成本”两个维度上有着明显的趋势。主要集中于两类,即“高成本–高收益转移行为”和“低成本–低收益转移行为”;发生频数较高的企业转移行为明显集中在收益较高、成本略高的区域,并且在成本相近的区域,行为发生的频数有随收益提高而上升的趋势。从驱动因素的强度分析发现:“独资收购新建的转移行为”是收益最高的行为,也是成本最高的行为;“人员承包经营的转移行为”是收益最低的行为,也是成本最低的行为。从发生频数的高低分析发现:发生频数较高的行为有“独资收购新建的转移行为”、“控股收购新建的转移行为”、“控股重组新建的转移行为”、“独资收购改造的转移行为”等。
(2)可耗竭资源型企业转移行为的主要影响因素有6个。“政策导向”、“资源耗竭压力”、“利益趋向”、“决策倾向”、“异地要素引力”和“本地区位斥力”因素都是间接地对“高成本–高收益转移行为”、“低成本–低收益转移行为”和各具体转移行为产生显著的正影响,且表现出影响强度由高到低的顺序;其影响方式和影响路径也具有一定的规律性。
(3)可耗竭资源型企业的区位选择行为在“风险度”和“满意度”两个维度上趋势明显。主要集中于两类,即“高风险度–高满意度区位选择行为”和“低风险度–高满意度区位选择行为”。发生频数较高的企业区位选择行为明显集中在风险度较低、满意度较高的区域,并且在满意度相近的区域,行为发生的频数有随风险度下降而上升的趋势。从驱动因素的强度分析发现:风险度最高的区位选择行为是“资源市场政策导向”,风险度最低的区位选择行为是“资源运输市场政策导向”;满意度最高的区位选择行为是“资源运输市场政策潜力导向”,满意度最低的区位选择行为是“资源政策导向”。从发生频数的高低分析发现:发生频数较高的区位选择行为有“资源运输市场政策导向”、“资源运输市场政策潜力导向”、“资源运输政策导向”等。
(4)可耗竭资源型企业区位选择行为的主要影响因素有7个。“资源禀赋”、“经济区位”、“民众素质”、“政策引力”、“法治环境”和“决策偏好”因素都是间接地对各区位选择行为产生显著的正影响,“区位成本”因素是间接地对各区位选择行为产生显著的负影响;其影响强度由高到低的顺序为“决策偏好”、“法治环境”、“资源禀赋”、“区位成本”、“经济区位”、“政策引力”、“民众素质”;其影响方式和影响路径也具有一定的规律性。
Enterprises depending on the exhaustible resources existing in the form of fossil or rock has a lifecycle of“exploring-increasing-steady-decline”closely related to the one of resources. Most of the large and medium enterprises which rely on exhaustible resources are owned by the states. With years of exploration and gradual consumption of resources, they adjust the strategy one after another. They choose the western areas with abundant resources as the ideal places to fulfill of the crossregional shifting action. The study on this kind of action has not only the practical meanings by solving the survival and development problem of the exhaustible resources enterprises in the decline phase and ensure the steady and harmony of the society but also the theoretical meaning by making up the vacancy of the study on the shifting and location selecting action of these enterprises, enriching the study on the strategic management of exhaustible resources enterprises, and broadening the research approach concerning industrial location theory and organization behavior theory.
Using the normative and scientific research method, this paper gives an essential accounts of the exhaustible resources enterprises’characteristic behavior and analyses the statistical regularity of them based on the collection of the 112 projects concerning shift action in China’s exhaustible resour -ces enterprises ranging from 2001 to 2009. This paper explores the driving factors for the shifting and location selecting action of exhaustible resources enterprises on the basis of survey and metrics analysis and uses the behavior quadrifid graph and trend surface chart to reveal the characteristic and trend of these actions. Based on the related theory and literature, the present paper also induces the influential factors on the selecting action of these enterprises, sets up its SEM, conducts the corres- ponding empirical research, reveals the approach and way of these influential factors and puts forward the corresponding policy and measures .The conclusion is as following:
(1)For the exhaustible resources enterprises, on the dimension of“profits of action”and“costs of action”has two obvious trends which are“high costs-high profits shifting action”and“low costs-low profits shifting action”. The enterprises’shifting actions with high frequency are apparently concentrated in the area with comparatively high profits and costs. In the areas having similar costs, the frequency of shifting action mounts up with the increase of profits. When considering the intensity of driving factors, it can be found that the shifting action by the exclusive investment in the newly -built has the highest profits and the highest costs as well; the shifting action from the contract management has not only the lowest profits but also the lowest costs. From the perspective of the frequency, the action with high frequency involves the one with the exclusive-purchase in the newly -built, the one with stock-controlling purchase in the newly-built, the one with stock controlling reorganization of the newly-built and the one with exclusive purchase and transformation.
(2)There are six main influential factors for the shifting action of exhaustible resources enterp -rises. They are“policy guide”,“resource exhaustible pressure”,“interest trend”,“decision inclina -tion”,“different area element attraction”, and“local district repulsion”which positively influence the“high cost high income shifting action”, the“low cost low income shifting action”and the specific shifting action indirectly. Their sorting on influential intensity is from high to low and their influential approach and way are with some regularity.
(3)Location selection action of the exhaustible resources enterprises has obvious trend on the two dimensions of“risk degree”and“satisfactory degree”and mainly includes two classes which are“high risk degree and high satisfactory degree location selection action”and“low risk degree and high satisfactory degree location selection action”. Obviously, location selection action of enterprise is concentrated in the area of low risk degree and high satisfactory degree. Besides, in the neighbor area of satisfactory degree, the frequency of action has increasing trend with the descent of risk degree. With the intensity analysis of driving factors, it is found that location selecting action with the highest risk degree is the“policy guide of resources market”, location selecting action with the lowest risk degree is the“policy guide of resources transportation market”, location selecting action with the highest satisfactory degree is“policy potential guide of resources transportation market”and location selecting action with the lowest satisfactory degree is“policy guide of resources”. With the frequency analysis, it is concluded that location selecting action with high frequency are“policy guide of resources transportation market”,“policy potential guide of resources transportation market”,“policy guide of resources transportation”and so on.
(4)There are seven main influential factors for location selecting action of exhaustible resour- ces enterprises.They are“resource endowment”,“economic location”,“people quality”,“policy attracttion”,“legal environment”and“policy preference”which positively influence the location selecting action indirectly.And the factor of“location cost”negatively influences the action indirectly. From high to low, their sorting on influential intensity is“policy preference”,“legal environment”,“resources endowment”,“location cost”,“economical location”,“policy attraction”and“people quality”, whose influential approach and way are with some regularity.
本文依据规范的、科学的实证研究思路,以收集整理的2001–2009年我国境内可耗竭资源型企业跨区转移的112个项目为基础,提炼描述了可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择的特征行为,分析了这些行为的统计规律;探究了可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择行为的驱动因素,并进行了问卷调查和度量分析,采用行为四分图和趋势面图揭示了这些行为的特征和趋势;从理论与文献研究,以及访谈调查中归纳提炼了可耗竭资源型企业转移区位选择行为的影响因素,构建了影响因素的结构方程模型,进行了实证研究,进而揭示了这些影响因素的影响方式和影响路径,并提出了相应的政策措施。本文得到的主要结论有:
(1)可耗竭资源型企业的转移行为在“行为收益”和“行为成本”两个维度上有着明显的趋势。主要集中于两类,即“高成本–高收益转移行为”和“低成本–低收益转移行为”;发生频数较高的企业转移行为明显集中在收益较高、成本略高的区域,并且在成本相近的区域,行为发生的频数有随收益提高而上升的趋势。从驱动因素的强度分析发现:“独资收购新建的转移行为”是收益最高的行为,也是成本最高的行为;“人员承包经营的转移行为”是收益最低的行为,也是成本最低的行为。从发生频数的高低分析发现:发生频数较高的行为有“独资收购新建的转移行为”、“控股收购新建的转移行为”、“控股重组新建的转移行为”、“独资收购改造的转移行为”等。
(2)可耗竭资源型企业转移行为的主要影响因素有6个。“政策导向”、“资源耗竭压力”、“利益趋向”、“决策倾向”、“异地要素引力”和“本地区位斥力”因素都是间接地对“高成本–高收益转移行为”、“低成本–低收益转移行为”和各具体转移行为产生显著的正影响,且表现出影响强度由高到低的顺序;其影响方式和影响路径也具有一定的规律性。
(3)可耗竭资源型企业的区位选择行为在“风险度”和“满意度”两个维度上趋势明显。主要集中于两类,即“高风险度–高满意度区位选择行为”和“低风险度–高满意度区位选择行为”。发生频数较高的企业区位选择行为明显集中在风险度较低、满意度较高的区域,并且在满意度相近的区域,行为发生的频数有随风险度下降而上升的趋势。从驱动因素的强度分析发现:风险度最高的区位选择行为是“资源市场政策导向”,风险度最低的区位选择行为是“资源运输市场政策导向”;满意度最高的区位选择行为是“资源运输市场政策潜力导向”,满意度最低的区位选择行为是“资源政策导向”。从发生频数的高低分析发现:发生频数较高的区位选择行为有“资源运输市场政策导向”、“资源运输市场政策潜力导向”、“资源运输政策导向”等。
(4)可耗竭资源型企业区位选择行为的主要影响因素有7个。“资源禀赋”、“经济区位”、“民众素质”、“政策引力”、“法治环境”和“决策偏好”因素都是间接地对各区位选择行为产生显著的正影响,“区位成本”因素是间接地对各区位选择行为产生显著的负影响;其影响强度由高到低的顺序为“决策偏好”、“法治环境”、“资源禀赋”、“区位成本”、“经济区位”、“政策引力”、“民众素质”;其影响方式和影响路径也具有一定的规律性。
Enterprises depending on the exhaustible resources existing in the form of fossil or rock has a lifecycle of“exploring-increasing-steady-decline”closely related to the one of resources. Most of the large and medium enterprises which rely on exhaustible resources are owned by the states. With years of exploration and gradual consumption of resources, they adjust the strategy one after another. They choose the western areas with abundant resources as the ideal places to fulfill of the crossregional shifting action. The study on this kind of action has not only the practical meanings by solving the survival and development problem of the exhaustible resources enterprises in the decline phase and ensure the steady and harmony of the society but also the theoretical meaning by making up the vacancy of the study on the shifting and location selecting action of these enterprises, enriching the study on the strategic management of exhaustible resources enterprises, and broadening the research approach concerning industrial location theory and organization behavior theory.
Using the normative and scientific research method, this paper gives an essential accounts of the exhaustible resources enterprises’characteristic behavior and analyses the statistical regularity of them based on the collection of the 112 projects concerning shift action in China’s exhaustible resour -ces enterprises ranging from 2001 to 2009. This paper explores the driving factors for the shifting and location selecting action of exhaustible resources enterprises on the basis of survey and metrics analysis and uses the behavior quadrifid graph and trend surface chart to reveal the characteristic and trend of these actions. Based on the related theory and literature, the present paper also induces the influential factors on the selecting action of these enterprises, sets up its SEM, conducts the corres- ponding empirical research, reveals the approach and way of these influential factors and puts forward the corresponding policy and measures .The conclusion is as following:
(1)For the exhaustible resources enterprises, on the dimension of“profits of action”and“costs of action”has two obvious trends which are“high costs-high profits shifting action”and“low costs-low profits shifting action”. The enterprises’shifting actions with high frequency are apparently concentrated in the area with comparatively high profits and costs. In the areas having similar costs, the frequency of shifting action mounts up with the increase of profits. When considering the intensity of driving factors, it can be found that the shifting action by the exclusive investment in the newly -built has the highest profits and the highest costs as well; the shifting action from the contract management has not only the lowest profits but also the lowest costs. From the perspective of the frequency, the action with high frequency involves the one with the exclusive-purchase in the newly -built, the one with stock-controlling purchase in the newly-built, the one with stock controlling reorganization of the newly-built and the one with exclusive purchase and transformation.
(2)There are six main influential factors for the shifting action of exhaustible resources enterp -rises. They are“policy guide”,“resource exhaustible pressure”,“interest trend”,“decision inclina -tion”,“different area element attraction”, and“local district repulsion”which positively influence the“high cost high income shifting action”, the“low cost low income shifting action”and the specific shifting action indirectly. Their sorting on influential intensity is from high to low and their influential approach and way are with some regularity.
(3)Location selection action of the exhaustible resources enterprises has obvious trend on the two dimensions of“risk degree”and“satisfactory degree”and mainly includes two classes which are“high risk degree and high satisfactory degree location selection action”and“low risk degree and high satisfactory degree location selection action”. Obviously, location selection action of enterprise is concentrated in the area of low risk degree and high satisfactory degree. Besides, in the neighbor area of satisfactory degree, the frequency of action has increasing trend with the descent of risk degree. With the intensity analysis of driving factors, it is found that location selecting action with the highest risk degree is the“policy guide of resources market”, location selecting action with the lowest risk degree is the“policy guide of resources transportation market”, location selecting action with the highest satisfactory degree is“policy potential guide of resources transportation market”and location selecting action with the lowest satisfactory degree is“policy guide of resources”. With the frequency analysis, it is concluded that location selecting action with high frequency are“policy guide of resources transportation market”,“policy potential guide of resources transportation market”,“policy guide of resources transportation”and so on.
(4)There are seven main influential factors for location selecting action of exhaustible resour- ces enterprises.They are“resource endowment”,“economic location”,“people quality”,“policy attracttion”,“legal environment”and“policy preference”which positively influence the location selecting action indirectly.And the factor of“location cost”negatively influences the action indirectly. From high to low, their sorting on influential intensity is“policy preference”,“legal environment”,“resources endowment”,“location cost”,“economical location”,“policy attraction”and“people quality”, whose influential approach and way are with some regularity.
引文
①相关数据来源于中国煤田地质总局《全国煤炭资源预测和评价(第三次全国煤田预测)研究报告》,1997。
②此部分内容已发表于《科研管理》2007年第28卷第4期。
①参见陆大道《区位论及区域研究方法》第93页,1988年科学出版社出版。
①参见吕涛“煤炭企业的衰变机理与再生战略”(《中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版)》2004年第2期第56页)。
①参见李荣融“大力支持资源枯竭型矿业城市经济结构调整”(《中国经贸导刊》2002年第14期第5页)。
①参见陆大道《区位论及区域研究方法》第57页和59页,1988年科学出版社出版。
①参见李新玉“矿产资源开发布局中的有关问题研究”(《地质技术经济管理》2000年第22卷第1期第48-50页)。
②参见杨波“我国资源枯竭型城市剩余劳动力的迁移模式探析”(《矿业研究与开发》2006年第26卷第6期第3页)。
①此部分内容已发表于《经济地理》2009年第29卷第8期。
①参见[美]加里·S·贝克尔《人类行为的经济分析》第8页和第11页,1995年上海人民出版社出版。
②参见哈罗德·孔茨,海因茨·韦里克《管理学》第474页,1993年经济科学出版社出版。
①参见李怀祖《决策理论导引》第12页, 1993年机械工业出版社出版。
②参见赫伯特·西蒙《管理行为——管理组织的决策过程的研究》第77页至第82页,1988年北京经济学院出版社出版。
①参见赫伯特·西蒙《现代决策理论的基石》第47页和第62页,1989年北京经济学院出版社出版。
②参见王国华《决策理论与方法》第12页,2006年中国科学技术大学出版社出版。
③参见赫伯特·西蒙《现代决策理论的基石》第83页,1989年北京经济学院出版社出版。
①本问卷在陈红(2006)《中国煤矿重大事故中的不安全行为研究》中的专家问卷基础上作了改进。
①Anderson J.and Gerbing D.Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 1988,103(3):411-423.
①Price J L. Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 1997,18(4-6): 303- 558.
②参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第67页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Joseph F. Hair Jr. , Rolph E. Anderson ,William C. Black, Ronald L. Tatham. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998: 449.
①参见张汉屏《统计学》第51页和第60页,1998年中国矿业大学出版社出版。
①参见郭星华,谭国清《问卷调查技术与实例》第164页,1997年中国人民大学出版社出版。
①参见于立《资源枯竭型国有企业退出问题研究》第74页,2004年经济管理出版社出版。
①参见于立《资源枯竭型国有企业退出问题研究》第74页,2004年经济管理出版社出版。
①参见李新玉“矿产资源开发布局中的有关问题研究”(《地质技术经济管理》2000年第22卷第1期第48页)。
①参见陆大道《区位论及区域研究方法》第58页,1991年科学出版社出版。
①参见王缉慈《现代工业地理学》第64页,1994年中国科学技术出版社出版。
①参见侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟《结构方程模型及其应用》第125-127页,2004年北京教育科学出版社出版。
①参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第23页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Price J L. Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 1997,18(4-6): 303- 558.
②Anderson J.and Gerbing D.Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 1988,103(3):411-423.
③参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第67页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Joseph F. Hair Jr. , Rolph E. Anderson ,William C. Black, Ronald L. Tatham. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998: 449.
①参见侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟《结构方程模型及其应用》第157页,2004年北京教育科学出版社出版。
②Steiger J H. Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1990,25(2):173–180.
①参见侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟《结构方程模型及其应用》第160页,2004年北京教育科学出版社出版。
②Bentler P M.Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin,1990, 107(2):238-246.
①Price J L. Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 1997,18(4-6): 303- 558.
②参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第67页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Joseph F. Hair Jr. , Rolph E. Anderson ,William C. Black, Ronald L. Tatham. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998: 449.
[1]朱训.关于矿业企业发展的几个问题.中国矿业, 2002,11(6):1-4.
[2] Houghton D S. Long-distance commuting: A new approach to mining in Australia. Geographical Journal, 1993,159(3):281-290.
[3]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯(德).工业区位论(李刚剑等译).北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[4]陈振汉,厉以宁.工业区位理论.北京:人民出版社,1982.
[5]李猛,张米尔.资源型城市产业转型的国际比较.大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2002,23 (1):16-20.
[6]约翰·冯·杜能(德).孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系(吴衡康译).北京:商务印书馆,1986.
[7] Hoover E M.The location of economic activity.New York: McGraw Hill, 1948.
[8] Ohlin B.Interregional and international trade. Cambridge: Harverd University Press,1933.
[9] Christaller W.Central place in southern Germany, Jena: Fisher,1933. English translated by Baskin C W. London : Prentice -Hall,1966.
[10] L?sch A.The economic of location. Jena: Fisher,1940. English translation New Haven, Connecticut:Yale University Press,1954.
[11] Smith D M.Industrial location: An economic geographical analysis. New York: John Voliley, 1976.
[12] Isard W. Location and space economy.Cambridge: M.I.T.Press,1956.
[13] Isard W, Schooler E W, Vietorisz T. Industrial complex analysis, agglomeration economies and regional development. Cambridge: M.I.T.Press, 1959.
[14] Pred A. Behavior and location: Foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory, PartⅠ.Lund: Gleerup, 1967.
[15] Wolpert J. Departures from the usual environment in location analysis. Analysis of the association of American Geographers, 1970,60(2):220-228.
[16]马歇尔(英).经济学原理(上、下卷)(朱志泰译).北京:商务印书馆,1983.
[17] Vernon R.International investment and international trade in the product cycle.Quarterly Journal of Economics,1966,80(2):190-207.
[18]埃德加·M.胡佛(美).区域经济学导论(王翼龙译).北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[19] Hoover E M. An introduction to regional economics.New York: Alfred A.Knopf Inc,1975.
[20] Myrdal G .Economic theory and underdeveloped regions. London: Duckworth,1957.
[21] Hirschman A O.The strategy of economic development. New Haven,Connecticut: Yale Univer- sity Press,1958.
[22] Isard W.Methods of regional analysis. Cambridge: M.I.T.Press, 1960.
[23] Williamson J G.Regional inequality and the process of national development. Economic Deve- lopment and Cultural Change,1965,13(4):3-45.
[24] Krumme G, Hayter R. Implications of corporate strategies and product cycle adjustments for regional employment changes. In locational dynamics of manufacturing activity, L. Collins and D.F. Walker(Eds.). New York: Wiley, 1975.
[25]周起业.区域经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1989.
[26] Nitzan S,Paroush J.Collective decision making: An economic outlook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1985.
[27] Harsanyi J C. Rational behavior and bargaining equilibrium in games and social situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ,1977.
[28] Arrow K J.Social choice and individual values.second edition.New Haven:Yale University Press,1963.
[29]赫伯特·西蒙(美).现代决策理论的基石:有限理性说与论事理(杨砾等译).北京:北京经济学院出版社,1989.
[30]李怀祖.决策理论导引.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[31]阿瑟·刘易斯(美).国际经济秩序的演变.北京:商务印书馆, 1984.
[32]劳尔·普雷维什(阿根廷).外围资本主义:危机与改造.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[33] Dunning J H.Trade, location of economic activity and the MNE: A search for an eclectic approach, in B.Ohlin, P.O.Hesselnorn and P.J. Wijkman(eds.),The International allocation of economic activity. London: MacMillan , 1977.
[34] Dunning J H. Explaining international production . Boston:Unwin Hyman, 1988.
[35] Nakosteen R A, Zimmer M A .Determinants of regional migration by manufacturing firms. Economic Inquiry,1987,25(2):351-362.
[36] Smith D M.Industrial location: An economic analysis.New York: John Wiley & Sons,1971.
[37] Dicken P, Lloyd P. Location in space: Theoretical perspectives in economic geography, 3d.ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1990.
[38]陈建军.产业区域转移与东扩西进战略.北京:中华书局,2002.
[39] Walter J, Lechner C, Kellermanns W F. Knowledge transfer between and within alliance partners: Privateversus collective benefitsof socialcapital[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2007,60(7): 698-710.
[40] Denize S, Young L.Concerning trust and information[J].Industrial Marketing Management, 2007, 36(7):968-982.
[41] Liao T J.Cluster and performance in foreign firms: The role of resources, knowledge, and trust[J]. Industrial Marketing Managem ent, 2008(8):1-9.
[42]李国平,李具恒.梯度理论创新与西部开发的战略选择.中国软科学,2003(4):128 -131.
[43] Makino S, Beamish P W. Local ownership restrictions, entry mode choice, and FDI perfor -mance: Japanese overseas subsidiaries in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1998,15 (2):119-136.
[44] Contractor F J. Ownership patterns of U.S. joint ventures abroad and the liberalization of foreign government regulations in the 1980s: Evidence from the benchmark surveys. Journal of International Business Studies,1990,21(1):55-73.
[45] Theo Eicher, Jong Woo Kang.Trade, foreign direct investment or acquisition: Optimal entry modes for multinationals. Journal of Development Economics,2005,77(1):207-228.
[46] Mario H O,Yasuo H.The impact of ownership, internalization, and entry mode on Japanese subsidiaries’performance in Brazil. Japan and the World Economy,2007,19(1):1-25.
[47] Luo Y, Neale O C.Structural change to direct investment in China: An evolutionary perspective . Journal of Applied Management Studies, 1998,7(1):95-110.
[48] Ilian PSa , Yasuo H. Influence of location factors on establishment and ownership of foreign investments: The case of the Japanese manufacturing firms in Europe. International Business Review,2005,15(5):577-598.
[49] Bradbury J H. Towards an alternative theory of resource-based town development. Economic Geography, 1979,55 (2):147-166.
[50] O'fairchea-llaigh C. Economic base and employment structure in northern territory mining towns. Resource Communities: Settlement and Workforces Issues. CSIRO Australia, 1988, 221-236
[51] Franko L G. Use of minority and 50-55 joint ventures by United States multinationals during the 1970s: The interaction of host country policies and corporate strategies. Journal of International Business Studies,1989,20(1):19-40.
[52] Hennart J C. The transaction costs theory of joint ventures: An empirical study of Japanese subsidiaries in the United States . Management Science, 1991,37(4):483-497.
[53] Brouthers K D, Brouthers L E. Why service and manufacturing entry mode choices differ: The influence of transaction cost factors, risk and trust. Journal of Management Studies, 2003,40(5): 1179-1204.
[54] Mutinelli M, Piscitello L. The entry mode choice of MNEs: An evolutionary approach. Research Policy,1998,27(5):491-506.
[55] Tatoglu E, Glaister K W, Erdal F. Determinants of foreign ownership in Turkish manufacturing . Eastern European Economics, 2003,41(2):5-41.
[56] Dunning J H. The determinants of international production.Oxford Economic Papers, 1973,25 (3):289-336.
[57] Dunning J H.Towards a new paradigm of development: Implications for the determinants of international business activity. Transnational Corporations,2006,15(1):173-227.
[58]崔新健.外商对华直接投资的决定因素.北京:中国发展出版社,2001.
[59] Vernon R. The location of economic activity, in Dunning J H.(ed.),Economic Analysis and the Multinational Enterprise . London : Allen and Unwin, 1974.
[60] Caves R E.International corporations: the industrial economics of foreign investment. Economica, 1971,38(149):1-27.
[61] Clickman N J, Wood D P.The location of foreign direct investment in the U.S.patterns and deter -minants. International Regional Science Review,1988,11 (2):137-154.
[62] Porter M E.The Competition Advantage of Nations. NewYork:The Free Press,1990.
[63] Lucas R E. Why doesn’t capital flow from rich to poor countries.The American Economic Review,1990,80(2):92-96.
[64] Qu T& Green M B.Chinese Foreign Direct Investment: A Sub-national Perspective on Location. Brookfield: Ashgate,1997.
[65] Linda F Y Ng, Tuan C. Location decisions of manufacturing FDI in China: Implications of China’s WTO accession, Journal of Asian Economics, 2003,14(1):51 -72.
[66] Glickman N J, Woodward D P. The location of foreign direct investment in the United States: Patterns and determinants. International Regional Science Review,1988,11(2):137 -154.
[67] Williamson O E. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism.New York: Free Press,1985.
[68] Mariotti S, Piscitello L. Information costs and location of FDIs within the host country: Empirical evidence from Italy. Journal of International Business Studies,1995,26(4):815 -841.
[69]李小建.香港对大陆投资的区位变化与公司空间行为.地理学报,1996,51(3):213-221 .
[70] Coughlin C C, Segev E. Location determinants of new foreign-owned manufacturing plants. Journal of Regional Science,2000,40(2):323-351.
[71] Christian B,Markus L and Alecksandra R. Labor costs and FDI flows into central and eastern European countries: A survey of the literature and empirical evidence. Structure Change and Economic Dynamics,2008,19(1):17-37.
[72] Zihui M, Ruilong Y and Yin Z. Australia’s direct investment in China:Trends and determinants. Economic Papers, 2008,27(1):70-86.
[73] Friedman J, Gerlowski D A, Silberman J.What attracts foreign multinational corporations? Evid- ence from branth plant location in the United States. Journal of Regional Science,1992,32(11): 403 - 418.
[74] Devereux M P, Griffith R. Taxes and the location of production: Evidence from a panel of US multinationals. Journal of Public Economics,1998,68(3):335-367.
[75] Gong H M. Spatial patterns of foreign investment in China’s cities,1980-1989. Urban Geogra- phy, 1995,16(3):189-209.
[76] Hou J W & Kevin H Z. A locational analysis of Taiwanese manufacturing branch plant in main- land China. International Journal of Business,2001,6(2):53-66.
[77] Rahman K M.Theorizing Japanese FDI to China. Journal of Comparative International Manage- ment, 2006,9(2):16-29.
[78] Cheng L K, Kwan Y K. What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience. Journal of International Economics,2000,51(2):379-400.
[79] Qian S ,Wilson T and Qiao Y. Determinants of foreign direct investment across China. Journal of International Money and Finance, 2002,21(1):79-113.
[80] Tassey G. The disaggregated technology production function: A new model of university and corporate research. Research Policy, 2005,34(3):287-303.
[81] Birkinshaw J, Braunerhjelm P, Holm U, etal. Why do some multinational corporations relocate their headquarters overseas? Strategic Management Journal, 2006,27(7):681-700.
[82] Buch C M, Kleinert J, Lipponer A, etal. Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment: Evidence from German firm-level data. Economic Policy,2005,20(41):52-110.
[83]徐康宁,陈健.跨国公司价值链的区位选择及其决定因素.经济研究,2008(3):138-149.
[84] Smith D F, Florida R. Agglomeration and industrial location: An econometric analysis of Japan- ese affiliated manufacturing estab1ishments in automotiverelated industries. Journal of Urban Economics, 1994,36(1):23-41.
[85] Ellison G, Glaeser E L.Geographic concentration in U.S. manufacturing industries: A dartboard approach. Journal of Political Economiy, 1997,105(5):889-926.
[86] Mayer T, Mucchielli J L. Agglomeration effects, state policies, and competition in the location of Japanese FDI in Europe, in J. L. Mucchielli, Multinational Location Strategy, Greenwich: JAI Press, 1998.
[87] Ferrer C. Pattern and determinants of location decisions by French multinationals in European regions, in J.L.Mucchielli, Multinational Location Strategy. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1998.
[88] Kinoshita Y, Campos N F.Why does FDI go where it goes? new evidence from the transition economies. International Trade and Transition Economics Discussion Paper Series No.3984, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research,2003.
[89] Cieslik A. Regional characteristics and the location of foreign firms within Poland. Applied Economics, 2005,37(8):863-874.
[90] Shaomin L, Park S H. Determinants of location of foreign direct investment in China. Manage- ment and Organization Review, 2006,2(1):95-119.
[91] Hong J. Transport and the location of foreign logistics firms: The Chinese experience. Transporta -tion Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2007,41(6):597-609.
[92] Gong H M. Spatial patterns of foreign investment in China’s cities, 1980-1989.Urban Geogra- phy, 1995,16(3):189-209.
[93] Keith H, Ries J. Inter-city competition for foreign investment: static and dynamic effects of China’s incentive areas. Journal of Urban Economics, 1996,40(1):38-60.
[94] Cheng L K and Kwan Y K. What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct invest -ment? The Chinese experience. Journal of International Economics, 2000,51(2):379-400.
[95] He C. Information costs, agglomeration economies and the location of foreign direct investment in China. Regional Studies, 2002,36(9):1029-1036.
[96] Teirlinck P and Spithoven A. Spatial inequality and location of private R&D activities in Belgian districts. Social Geografie, 2005,96(5):558 -572.
[97]鲁明泓.制度因素与国际直接投资区位分布:一项实证研究.经济研究, 1999(7):57-66.
[98] Grosse R, Trevino L J. New institution economics and FDI location in central and eastern Europe. Management International Review, 2005,45(2):123-145.
[99] Ramirez M D. Economic and institutional determinants of foreign direct investment in Chile: A time-series analysis,1960-2001.Contemporary Economic Policy, 2006,24(3):459-471.
[100] Kumar N. Emerging TNCs:Trends,patterns and determinants of outward FDI by Indian enterpri -ses. Transnational Corporations ,2007,16(1) :1-26.
[101] Clegg J, Scott-Green S.The determinant of Japanese foreign direct investment flows to the Euro -pean community,1963-1990, in J.L.Mucchielli, Multinational Location Strategy. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1998.
[102] Crozet M, Mayer T, Mucchielli J L.How do firms agglomerate?A study of FDI in France. Regional Science and Urban Economics.2004,34(1):27-54.
[103]魏后凯,贺灿飞,王新.中国外商投资区位决策与公共政策.北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[104] Noorbakhsh F, Paloni A. Structural adjustment programs and growthin sub-saharan Africa:The importance of complying with conditionality. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2001,49(3):479-509.
[105] UNCTAD.World Investment Report 2002. Geneva:UNCTAD.
[106] Ting G. Labor quality and the location of foreign direct investment: Evidence from China . China Economic Review, 2005,16(3):274-292.
[107]孙永平,余佩.人力资本、FDI区域分布与经济发展.经济评论,2008(5):26-31.
[108] Wasseem M. The location determinants of FDI in the GCC countries. Journal of Multinational Financial Management ,2007,17(4):336-348.
[109] Qu T,Green M B.Chinese Foreign Direct Investment: A Sub-national Perspective on Location. Brookfield: Ashgate,1997.
[110] Daniels J D, Krug J A and Trevino L. Foreign direct investment from Latin America and the Caribbean. Transnational Corporations, 2007,16(1):27-53.
[111] Stein E, Daude C. Longitude matters: Time zones and the location of foreign direct investment. Journal of International Economics, 2007,71(1):96-112
[112] Tarzi S. Foreign direct investment flows into development countries: Impact of location and government policy. The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies. 2005,30(4):497 -516.
[113] Lucas L M.The role of culture on knowledge transfer:The case of the multinational corpora- tion.Learning Organization, 2006,13(3):257-275.
[114] Tse D K, Yigang P, Au K Y. How MNCs choose entry modes and form alliances: The China experience . The Journal of International Business Studies, 1997,28(4):779-806.
[115] Leung C K. Locational characteristics of foreign equity joint venture investment in China, 1979 -1985. Professional Geographer, 1990,42(4):403-421.
[116] Smart J, Smart A .Personal relations and divergent economies: A case study of Hong Kong investment in south China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1991,5(2): 216-233.
[117]张蕊.西部地区信息产业发展的区位选择.经济体制改革,2002(3):121-124.
[118]钟昌标.我国实施“走出去”战略的产业选择和区位选择.管理世界,2001(3):195 -196.
[119] Brain W. The Economics of Mineral Exploration and Economic Guidelines for Exploration Planning. Kington: Department of Geosciences Queen’s University, 1997.
[120]葛世龙,周德群.可耗竭资源市场中不确定性研究综述.中国人口.资源与环境, 2007,17(5): 18-21.
[121] Loury G C.The optimal exploitation of an unknown reserve. Review of Economic Studies, 1978, 45(141):621-636.
[122] Hoel M. Resource extraction,uncertainty, and learning. Bell Journal of Economics, 1978,9(2): 642-645.
[123]宿瑞华.衰退矿区目标资源选择综合评价模型研究.矿业快报, 2004(6):16-19.
[124] Martin D, Sparrow F T.The treatment of uncertainty in mineral exploration and exploitation. Annals of Operations Research, 1984,2(1):271-284.
[125] Krautkraemer J A.The cut-off grade and the theory of extraction. Canadian Journal of Econo -mics, 1988,21(1):146-160.
[126] Marvasti A. Resource characteristics, extraction costs, and optimal exploitation of mineral resources. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2000,17(4):395-408.
[127] Stiglitz J E, Dasgupta P. Market structure and resource extraction under uncertainty. Scandina -vian Journal of Economics,1981,83(2):318 -333.
[128] Pindyck R S.The optimal production of an exhaustible resource when priceis exogenous and stochastic. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1981,83(2):277-288.
[129] Carlson M, Khoker Z,Titman S. An equlibrium analysis of exhaustible resource investments. http: //papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=299425
[130] Forster B A.Optimal energy useina polluted environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1980,7(4):321-333.
[131] Tsur Y, Zemel A.Optimal transition to backstop substitutes for nonrenewable resources. Journal Economic Dynamics & Control, 2003,27(4):551-572.
[132] Just R E, Netanyahu S, Olson L J. Depletion of natural resources, technological uncertainty, and the adoption of technological substitutes.Resource and Energy Economics, 2005,27(2):91-108.
[133] Maponga O, Maxwell P. The internationalization of the Australian mineral industry in the 1990s. Resources Policy, 2000,26(9):199-210.
[134] Annandale D, Taplin R. Is environmental impact assessment regulation a‘Burden’to private firms? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2003,23(1):383 -397.
[135] Clark A L, Naito K. Risks and opportunities for foreign investment in the mineral sectors of the central Asian Republics. Resources Policy, 1998,24(2):105 -114.
[136] Harper G, Andrews A J and Fenoulhet B.Worldwide exploration trends-Where is the next exploration romance? Engineering and Mining Journal, 1998,199(7):40 - 45.
[137]苏重基.现代企业区位选择与布局.成都:西南财经大学出版社, 2003.
[138]于立,孟韬,姜春海.资源枯竭型国有企业退出障碍与退出途径分析.中国工业经济,2003 (10):5-12.
[139]周凤起.西部能源发展战略与能源政策. http://www.china.com.cn/economic/2009.12.01.
[140]贺卫.人类行为的成本-收益假说.昆明理工大学学报,1997,22(5):119-122.
[141] Dixit A. Irreversible investment with uncertainty and scale economies. Journal of Economics Dynamics and Control, 1995,19(3):327-350.
[142]蔡志刚,武伟民.大型煤炭企业战略联盟的风险及其防范.中国煤炭,2007,33(5):15-17.
[143]范丹宇.我国城市化战略与模式分析的视角转换.科学学与科学技术管理,2002(6):60 -62.
[144]陈红.中国煤矿重大事故中的不安全行为研究.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[145]吴明隆.SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[146] Miller D J.Technological diversity, related diversification, and firm performance.Strategic Management Journal, 2006,27(7): 601-619.
[147]中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015).http://www.mlr.gov.cn, 2009.01.07.
[148]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
②此部分内容已发表于《科研管理》2007年第28卷第4期。
①参见陆大道《区位论及区域研究方法》第93页,1988年科学出版社出版。
①参见吕涛“煤炭企业的衰变机理与再生战略”(《中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版)》2004年第2期第56页)。
①参见李荣融“大力支持资源枯竭型矿业城市经济结构调整”(《中国经贸导刊》2002年第14期第5页)。
①参见陆大道《区位论及区域研究方法》第57页和59页,1988年科学出版社出版。
①参见李新玉“矿产资源开发布局中的有关问题研究”(《地质技术经济管理》2000年第22卷第1期第48-50页)。
②参见杨波“我国资源枯竭型城市剩余劳动力的迁移模式探析”(《矿业研究与开发》2006年第26卷第6期第3页)。
①此部分内容已发表于《经济地理》2009年第29卷第8期。
①参见[美]加里·S·贝克尔《人类行为的经济分析》第8页和第11页,1995年上海人民出版社出版。
②参见哈罗德·孔茨,海因茨·韦里克《管理学》第474页,1993年经济科学出版社出版。
①参见李怀祖《决策理论导引》第12页, 1993年机械工业出版社出版。
②参见赫伯特·西蒙《管理行为——管理组织的决策过程的研究》第77页至第82页,1988年北京经济学院出版社出版。
①参见赫伯特·西蒙《现代决策理论的基石》第47页和第62页,1989年北京经济学院出版社出版。
②参见王国华《决策理论与方法》第12页,2006年中国科学技术大学出版社出版。
③参见赫伯特·西蒙《现代决策理论的基石》第83页,1989年北京经济学院出版社出版。
①本问卷在陈红(2006)《中国煤矿重大事故中的不安全行为研究》中的专家问卷基础上作了改进。
①Anderson J.and Gerbing D.Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 1988,103(3):411-423.
①Price J L. Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 1997,18(4-6): 303- 558.
②参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第67页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Joseph F. Hair Jr. , Rolph E. Anderson ,William C. Black, Ronald L. Tatham. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998: 449.
①参见张汉屏《统计学》第51页和第60页,1998年中国矿业大学出版社出版。
①参见郭星华,谭国清《问卷调查技术与实例》第164页,1997年中国人民大学出版社出版。
①参见于立《资源枯竭型国有企业退出问题研究》第74页,2004年经济管理出版社出版。
①参见于立《资源枯竭型国有企业退出问题研究》第74页,2004年经济管理出版社出版。
①参见李新玉“矿产资源开发布局中的有关问题研究”(《地质技术经济管理》2000年第22卷第1期第48页)。
①参见陆大道《区位论及区域研究方法》第58页,1991年科学出版社出版。
①参见王缉慈《现代工业地理学》第64页,1994年中国科学技术出版社出版。
①参见侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟《结构方程模型及其应用》第125-127页,2004年北京教育科学出版社出版。
①参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第23页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Price J L. Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 1997,18(4-6): 303- 558.
②Anderson J.and Gerbing D.Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 1988,103(3):411-423.
③参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第67页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Joseph F. Hair Jr. , Rolph E. Anderson ,William C. Black, Ronald L. Tatham. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998: 449.
①参见侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟《结构方程模型及其应用》第157页,2004年北京教育科学出版社出版。
②Steiger J H. Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1990,25(2):173–180.
①参见侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟《结构方程模型及其应用》第160页,2004年北京教育科学出版社出版。
②Bentler P M.Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin,1990, 107(2):238-246.
①Price J L. Handbook of organizational measurement. International Journal of Manpower, 1997,18(4-6): 303- 558.
②参见吴明隆《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》第67页,2003年科学出版社出版。
①Joseph F. Hair Jr. , Rolph E. Anderson ,William C. Black, Ronald L. Tatham. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998: 449.
[1]朱训.关于矿业企业发展的几个问题.中国矿业, 2002,11(6):1-4.
[2] Houghton D S. Long-distance commuting: A new approach to mining in Australia. Geographical Journal, 1993,159(3):281-290.
[3]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯(德).工业区位论(李刚剑等译).北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[4]陈振汉,厉以宁.工业区位理论.北京:人民出版社,1982.
[5]李猛,张米尔.资源型城市产业转型的国际比较.大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2002,23 (1):16-20.
[6]约翰·冯·杜能(德).孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系(吴衡康译).北京:商务印书馆,1986.
[7] Hoover E M.The location of economic activity.New York: McGraw Hill, 1948.
[8] Ohlin B.Interregional and international trade. Cambridge: Harverd University Press,1933.
[9] Christaller W.Central place in southern Germany, Jena: Fisher,1933. English translated by Baskin C W. London : Prentice -Hall,1966.
[10] L?sch A.The economic of location. Jena: Fisher,1940. English translation New Haven, Connecticut:Yale University Press,1954.
[11] Smith D M.Industrial location: An economic geographical analysis. New York: John Voliley, 1976.
[12] Isard W. Location and space economy.Cambridge: M.I.T.Press,1956.
[13] Isard W, Schooler E W, Vietorisz T. Industrial complex analysis, agglomeration economies and regional development. Cambridge: M.I.T.Press, 1959.
[14] Pred A. Behavior and location: Foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory, PartⅠ.Lund: Gleerup, 1967.
[15] Wolpert J. Departures from the usual environment in location analysis. Analysis of the association of American Geographers, 1970,60(2):220-228.
[16]马歇尔(英).经济学原理(上、下卷)(朱志泰译).北京:商务印书馆,1983.
[17] Vernon R.International investment and international trade in the product cycle.Quarterly Journal of Economics,1966,80(2):190-207.
[18]埃德加·M.胡佛(美).区域经济学导论(王翼龙译).北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[19] Hoover E M. An introduction to regional economics.New York: Alfred A.Knopf Inc,1975.
[20] Myrdal G .Economic theory and underdeveloped regions. London: Duckworth,1957.
[21] Hirschman A O.The strategy of economic development. New Haven,Connecticut: Yale Univer- sity Press,1958.
[22] Isard W.Methods of regional analysis. Cambridge: M.I.T.Press, 1960.
[23] Williamson J G.Regional inequality and the process of national development. Economic Deve- lopment and Cultural Change,1965,13(4):3-45.
[24] Krumme G, Hayter R. Implications of corporate strategies and product cycle adjustments for regional employment changes. In locational dynamics of manufacturing activity, L. Collins and D.F. Walker(Eds.). New York: Wiley, 1975.
[25]周起业.区域经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1989.
[26] Nitzan S,Paroush J.Collective decision making: An economic outlook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1985.
[27] Harsanyi J C. Rational behavior and bargaining equilibrium in games and social situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ,1977.
[28] Arrow K J.Social choice and individual values.second edition.New Haven:Yale University Press,1963.
[29]赫伯特·西蒙(美).现代决策理论的基石:有限理性说与论事理(杨砾等译).北京:北京经济学院出版社,1989.
[30]李怀祖.决策理论导引.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[31]阿瑟·刘易斯(美).国际经济秩序的演变.北京:商务印书馆, 1984.
[32]劳尔·普雷维什(阿根廷).外围资本主义:危机与改造.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[33] Dunning J H.Trade, location of economic activity and the MNE: A search for an eclectic approach, in B.Ohlin, P.O.Hesselnorn and P.J. Wijkman(eds.),The International allocation of economic activity. London: MacMillan , 1977.
[34] Dunning J H. Explaining international production . Boston:Unwin Hyman, 1988.
[35] Nakosteen R A, Zimmer M A .Determinants of regional migration by manufacturing firms. Economic Inquiry,1987,25(2):351-362.
[36] Smith D M.Industrial location: An economic analysis.New York: John Wiley & Sons,1971.
[37] Dicken P, Lloyd P. Location in space: Theoretical perspectives in economic geography, 3d.ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1990.
[38]陈建军.产业区域转移与东扩西进战略.北京:中华书局,2002.
[39] Walter J, Lechner C, Kellermanns W F. Knowledge transfer between and within alliance partners: Privateversus collective benefitsof socialcapital[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2007,60(7): 698-710.
[40] Denize S, Young L.Concerning trust and information[J].Industrial Marketing Management, 2007, 36(7):968-982.
[41] Liao T J.Cluster and performance in foreign firms: The role of resources, knowledge, and trust[J]. Industrial Marketing Managem ent, 2008(8):1-9.
[42]李国平,李具恒.梯度理论创新与西部开发的战略选择.中国软科学,2003(4):128 -131.
[43] Makino S, Beamish P W. Local ownership restrictions, entry mode choice, and FDI perfor -mance: Japanese overseas subsidiaries in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1998,15 (2):119-136.
[44] Contractor F J. Ownership patterns of U.S. joint ventures abroad and the liberalization of foreign government regulations in the 1980s: Evidence from the benchmark surveys. Journal of International Business Studies,1990,21(1):55-73.
[45] Theo Eicher, Jong Woo Kang.Trade, foreign direct investment or acquisition: Optimal entry modes for multinationals. Journal of Development Economics,2005,77(1):207-228.
[46] Mario H O,Yasuo H.The impact of ownership, internalization, and entry mode on Japanese subsidiaries’performance in Brazil. Japan and the World Economy,2007,19(1):1-25.
[47] Luo Y, Neale O C.Structural change to direct investment in China: An evolutionary perspective . Journal of Applied Management Studies, 1998,7(1):95-110.
[48] Ilian PSa , Yasuo H. Influence of location factors on establishment and ownership of foreign investments: The case of the Japanese manufacturing firms in Europe. International Business Review,2005,15(5):577-598.
[49] Bradbury J H. Towards an alternative theory of resource-based town development. Economic Geography, 1979,55 (2):147-166.
[50] O'fairchea-llaigh C. Economic base and employment structure in northern territory mining towns. Resource Communities: Settlement and Workforces Issues. CSIRO Australia, 1988, 221-236
[51] Franko L G. Use of minority and 50-55 joint ventures by United States multinationals during the 1970s: The interaction of host country policies and corporate strategies. Journal of International Business Studies,1989,20(1):19-40.
[52] Hennart J C. The transaction costs theory of joint ventures: An empirical study of Japanese subsidiaries in the United States . Management Science, 1991,37(4):483-497.
[53] Brouthers K D, Brouthers L E. Why service and manufacturing entry mode choices differ: The influence of transaction cost factors, risk and trust. Journal of Management Studies, 2003,40(5): 1179-1204.
[54] Mutinelli M, Piscitello L. The entry mode choice of MNEs: An evolutionary approach. Research Policy,1998,27(5):491-506.
[55] Tatoglu E, Glaister K W, Erdal F. Determinants of foreign ownership in Turkish manufacturing . Eastern European Economics, 2003,41(2):5-41.
[56] Dunning J H. The determinants of international production.Oxford Economic Papers, 1973,25 (3):289-336.
[57] Dunning J H.Towards a new paradigm of development: Implications for the determinants of international business activity. Transnational Corporations,2006,15(1):173-227.
[58]崔新健.外商对华直接投资的决定因素.北京:中国发展出版社,2001.
[59] Vernon R. The location of economic activity, in Dunning J H.(ed.),Economic Analysis and the Multinational Enterprise . London : Allen and Unwin, 1974.
[60] Caves R E.International corporations: the industrial economics of foreign investment. Economica, 1971,38(149):1-27.
[61] Clickman N J, Wood D P.The location of foreign direct investment in the U.S.patterns and deter -minants. International Regional Science Review,1988,11 (2):137-154.
[62] Porter M E.The Competition Advantage of Nations. NewYork:The Free Press,1990.
[63] Lucas R E. Why doesn’t capital flow from rich to poor countries.The American Economic Review,1990,80(2):92-96.
[64] Qu T& Green M B.Chinese Foreign Direct Investment: A Sub-national Perspective on Location. Brookfield: Ashgate,1997.
[65] Linda F Y Ng, Tuan C. Location decisions of manufacturing FDI in China: Implications of China’s WTO accession, Journal of Asian Economics, 2003,14(1):51 -72.
[66] Glickman N J, Woodward D P. The location of foreign direct investment in the United States: Patterns and determinants. International Regional Science Review,1988,11(2):137 -154.
[67] Williamson O E. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism.New York: Free Press,1985.
[68] Mariotti S, Piscitello L. Information costs and location of FDIs within the host country: Empirical evidence from Italy. Journal of International Business Studies,1995,26(4):815 -841.
[69]李小建.香港对大陆投资的区位变化与公司空间行为.地理学报,1996,51(3):213-221 .
[70] Coughlin C C, Segev E. Location determinants of new foreign-owned manufacturing plants. Journal of Regional Science,2000,40(2):323-351.
[71] Christian B,Markus L and Alecksandra R. Labor costs and FDI flows into central and eastern European countries: A survey of the literature and empirical evidence. Structure Change and Economic Dynamics,2008,19(1):17-37.
[72] Zihui M, Ruilong Y and Yin Z. Australia’s direct investment in China:Trends and determinants. Economic Papers, 2008,27(1):70-86.
[73] Friedman J, Gerlowski D A, Silberman J.What attracts foreign multinational corporations? Evid- ence from branth plant location in the United States. Journal of Regional Science,1992,32(11): 403 - 418.
[74] Devereux M P, Griffith R. Taxes and the location of production: Evidence from a panel of US multinationals. Journal of Public Economics,1998,68(3):335-367.
[75] Gong H M. Spatial patterns of foreign investment in China’s cities,1980-1989. Urban Geogra- phy, 1995,16(3):189-209.
[76] Hou J W & Kevin H Z. A locational analysis of Taiwanese manufacturing branch plant in main- land China. International Journal of Business,2001,6(2):53-66.
[77] Rahman K M.Theorizing Japanese FDI to China. Journal of Comparative International Manage- ment, 2006,9(2):16-29.
[78] Cheng L K, Kwan Y K. What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience. Journal of International Economics,2000,51(2):379-400.
[79] Qian S ,Wilson T and Qiao Y. Determinants of foreign direct investment across China. Journal of International Money and Finance, 2002,21(1):79-113.
[80] Tassey G. The disaggregated technology production function: A new model of university and corporate research. Research Policy, 2005,34(3):287-303.
[81] Birkinshaw J, Braunerhjelm P, Holm U, etal. Why do some multinational corporations relocate their headquarters overseas? Strategic Management Journal, 2006,27(7):681-700.
[82] Buch C M, Kleinert J, Lipponer A, etal. Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment: Evidence from German firm-level data. Economic Policy,2005,20(41):52-110.
[83]徐康宁,陈健.跨国公司价值链的区位选择及其决定因素.经济研究,2008(3):138-149.
[84] Smith D F, Florida R. Agglomeration and industrial location: An econometric analysis of Japan- ese affiliated manufacturing estab1ishments in automotiverelated industries. Journal of Urban Economics, 1994,36(1):23-41.
[85] Ellison G, Glaeser E L.Geographic concentration in U.S. manufacturing industries: A dartboard approach. Journal of Political Economiy, 1997,105(5):889-926.
[86] Mayer T, Mucchielli J L. Agglomeration effects, state policies, and competition in the location of Japanese FDI in Europe, in J. L. Mucchielli, Multinational Location Strategy, Greenwich: JAI Press, 1998.
[87] Ferrer C. Pattern and determinants of location decisions by French multinationals in European regions, in J.L.Mucchielli, Multinational Location Strategy. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1998.
[88] Kinoshita Y, Campos N F.Why does FDI go where it goes? new evidence from the transition economies. International Trade and Transition Economics Discussion Paper Series No.3984, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research,2003.
[89] Cieslik A. Regional characteristics and the location of foreign firms within Poland. Applied Economics, 2005,37(8):863-874.
[90] Shaomin L, Park S H. Determinants of location of foreign direct investment in China. Manage- ment and Organization Review, 2006,2(1):95-119.
[91] Hong J. Transport and the location of foreign logistics firms: The Chinese experience. Transporta -tion Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2007,41(6):597-609.
[92] Gong H M. Spatial patterns of foreign investment in China’s cities, 1980-1989.Urban Geogra- phy, 1995,16(3):189-209.
[93] Keith H, Ries J. Inter-city competition for foreign investment: static and dynamic effects of China’s incentive areas. Journal of Urban Economics, 1996,40(1):38-60.
[94] Cheng L K and Kwan Y K. What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct invest -ment? The Chinese experience. Journal of International Economics, 2000,51(2):379-400.
[95] He C. Information costs, agglomeration economies and the location of foreign direct investment in China. Regional Studies, 2002,36(9):1029-1036.
[96] Teirlinck P and Spithoven A. Spatial inequality and location of private R&D activities in Belgian districts. Social Geografie, 2005,96(5):558 -572.
[97]鲁明泓.制度因素与国际直接投资区位分布:一项实证研究.经济研究, 1999(7):57-66.
[98] Grosse R, Trevino L J. New institution economics and FDI location in central and eastern Europe. Management International Review, 2005,45(2):123-145.
[99] Ramirez M D. Economic and institutional determinants of foreign direct investment in Chile: A time-series analysis,1960-2001.Contemporary Economic Policy, 2006,24(3):459-471.
[100] Kumar N. Emerging TNCs:Trends,patterns and determinants of outward FDI by Indian enterpri -ses. Transnational Corporations ,2007,16(1) :1-26.
[101] Clegg J, Scott-Green S.The determinant of Japanese foreign direct investment flows to the Euro -pean community,1963-1990, in J.L.Mucchielli, Multinational Location Strategy. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1998.
[102] Crozet M, Mayer T, Mucchielli J L.How do firms agglomerate?A study of FDI in France. Regional Science and Urban Economics.2004,34(1):27-54.
[103]魏后凯,贺灿飞,王新.中国外商投资区位决策与公共政策.北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[104] Noorbakhsh F, Paloni A. Structural adjustment programs and growthin sub-saharan Africa:The importance of complying with conditionality. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2001,49(3):479-509.
[105] UNCTAD.World Investment Report 2002. Geneva:UNCTAD.
[106] Ting G. Labor quality and the location of foreign direct investment: Evidence from China . China Economic Review, 2005,16(3):274-292.
[107]孙永平,余佩.人力资本、FDI区域分布与经济发展.经济评论,2008(5):26-31.
[108] Wasseem M. The location determinants of FDI in the GCC countries. Journal of Multinational Financial Management ,2007,17(4):336-348.
[109] Qu T,Green M B.Chinese Foreign Direct Investment: A Sub-national Perspective on Location. Brookfield: Ashgate,1997.
[110] Daniels J D, Krug J A and Trevino L. Foreign direct investment from Latin America and the Caribbean. Transnational Corporations, 2007,16(1):27-53.
[111] Stein E, Daude C. Longitude matters: Time zones and the location of foreign direct investment. Journal of International Economics, 2007,71(1):96-112
[112] Tarzi S. Foreign direct investment flows into development countries: Impact of location and government policy. The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies. 2005,30(4):497 -516.
[113] Lucas L M.The role of culture on knowledge transfer:The case of the multinational corpora- tion.Learning Organization, 2006,13(3):257-275.
[114] Tse D K, Yigang P, Au K Y. How MNCs choose entry modes and form alliances: The China experience . The Journal of International Business Studies, 1997,28(4):779-806.
[115] Leung C K. Locational characteristics of foreign equity joint venture investment in China, 1979 -1985. Professional Geographer, 1990,42(4):403-421.
[116] Smart J, Smart A .Personal relations and divergent economies: A case study of Hong Kong investment in south China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 1991,5(2): 216-233.
[117]张蕊.西部地区信息产业发展的区位选择.经济体制改革,2002(3):121-124.
[118]钟昌标.我国实施“走出去”战略的产业选择和区位选择.管理世界,2001(3):195 -196.
[119] Brain W. The Economics of Mineral Exploration and Economic Guidelines for Exploration Planning. Kington: Department of Geosciences Queen’s University, 1997.
[120]葛世龙,周德群.可耗竭资源市场中不确定性研究综述.中国人口.资源与环境, 2007,17(5): 18-21.
[121] Loury G C.The optimal exploitation of an unknown reserve. Review of Economic Studies, 1978, 45(141):621-636.
[122] Hoel M. Resource extraction,uncertainty, and learning. Bell Journal of Economics, 1978,9(2): 642-645.
[123]宿瑞华.衰退矿区目标资源选择综合评价模型研究.矿业快报, 2004(6):16-19.
[124] Martin D, Sparrow F T.The treatment of uncertainty in mineral exploration and exploitation. Annals of Operations Research, 1984,2(1):271-284.
[125] Krautkraemer J A.The cut-off grade and the theory of extraction. Canadian Journal of Econo -mics, 1988,21(1):146-160.
[126] Marvasti A. Resource characteristics, extraction costs, and optimal exploitation of mineral resources. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2000,17(4):395-408.
[127] Stiglitz J E, Dasgupta P. Market structure and resource extraction under uncertainty. Scandina -vian Journal of Economics,1981,83(2):318 -333.
[128] Pindyck R S.The optimal production of an exhaustible resource when priceis exogenous and stochastic. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1981,83(2):277-288.
[129] Carlson M, Khoker Z,Titman S. An equlibrium analysis of exhaustible resource investments. http: //papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=299425
[130] Forster B A.Optimal energy useina polluted environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1980,7(4):321-333.
[131] Tsur Y, Zemel A.Optimal transition to backstop substitutes for nonrenewable resources. Journal Economic Dynamics & Control, 2003,27(4):551-572.
[132] Just R E, Netanyahu S, Olson L J. Depletion of natural resources, technological uncertainty, and the adoption of technological substitutes.Resource and Energy Economics, 2005,27(2):91-108.
[133] Maponga O, Maxwell P. The internationalization of the Australian mineral industry in the 1990s. Resources Policy, 2000,26(9):199-210.
[134] Annandale D, Taplin R. Is environmental impact assessment regulation a‘Burden’to private firms? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2003,23(1):383 -397.
[135] Clark A L, Naito K. Risks and opportunities for foreign investment in the mineral sectors of the central Asian Republics. Resources Policy, 1998,24(2):105 -114.
[136] Harper G, Andrews A J and Fenoulhet B.Worldwide exploration trends-Where is the next exploration romance? Engineering and Mining Journal, 1998,199(7):40 - 45.
[137]苏重基.现代企业区位选择与布局.成都:西南财经大学出版社, 2003.
[138]于立,孟韬,姜春海.资源枯竭型国有企业退出障碍与退出途径分析.中国工业经济,2003 (10):5-12.
[139]周凤起.西部能源发展战略与能源政策. http://www.china.com.cn/economic/2009.12.01.
[140]贺卫.人类行为的成本-收益假说.昆明理工大学学报,1997,22(5):119-122.
[141] Dixit A. Irreversible investment with uncertainty and scale economies. Journal of Economics Dynamics and Control, 1995,19(3):327-350.
[142]蔡志刚,武伟民.大型煤炭企业战略联盟的风险及其防范.中国煤炭,2007,33(5):15-17.
[143]范丹宇.我国城市化战略与模式分析的视角转换.科学学与科学技术管理,2002(6):60 -62.
[144]陈红.中国煤矿重大事故中的不安全行为研究.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[145]吴明隆.SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[146] Miller D J.Technological diversity, related diversification, and firm performance.Strategic Management Journal, 2006,27(7): 601-619.
[147]中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015).http://www.mlr.gov.cn, 2009.01.07.
[148]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |