供水设施的区域共享技术研究
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摘要
区域供水是一项政策性、技术性很强的工作,在国内外均已有成功应用。它对于解决我国小城镇及农村供水基础设施不足、供水行业难以发挥规模经济效应、水源保护与水质污染矛盾突出、供水水质水量存在安全性问题等方面具有重大作用。但是我国的区域供水现阶段还处于摸索阶段,区域供水在实践上仅仅凭借经验,具有很大的人为因素,缺乏科学性;在政策上是自下而上的自发的行为,因此在供水打破行政区划上存在很大问题;在规划方法上采用原有城市供水规划方法,不能很好地解决区域供水中存在的问题。论文将规模经济理论、设施区位理论、大系统优化理论引入区域供水的研究中,从定量的角度确定区域供水中水源地及水厂的位置、数量、供水范围及供水规模,为区域供水的规划决策提供一定的科学依据。
论文在分析了区域供水国内外研究现状的基础上,指出我国区域供水研究存在的问题,对区域供水的理论基础—规模经济理论、设施区位理论、大系统最优化理论进行阐述,并对各个理论在供水设施共享中的应用进行了简要分析;从工程技术角度分析水源地及水厂选址的影响因素,采用两阶段选址的方法确定作为候选的水源地及水厂的位置。第一阶段根据基础资料及水源地和水厂的选址影响因素初步筛选确定出水源地及水厂的位置,第二阶段在第一阶段的基础上建立水源地及水厂选址的层次结构模型,构建判断矩阵并进行权重计算,定量地确定作为候选的水源地及水厂的位置;在对传统区域供水系统解析进行分析的基础上,指出传统区域供水系统解析未能明确指出区域供水中各子系统之间的关系,采用大系统优化理论对区域供水系统进行解析,将区域供水系统分为取水系统、输水系统、净水系统、配水系统、用户系统五个部分,指出取水系统与净水系统、净水系统与用户系统之间在水量上存在供需平衡关系,而且区域供水系统在系统整体目标下具有递阶结构,通过大系统分析,以用水系统作为配水系统的输入变量,净水系统作为输出变量,在此基础上以净水系统作为输水系统的输入变量,取水系统作为输出变量,确定了区域供水大系统的各个子系统之间的关联关系,同时根据大系统递阶控制思想,将区域供水大系统分解成两个相互关联的子系统,并用关联预测法构建区域供水系统的分解-协调抽象模型;以区域供水系统工程建设费用最小为目标,引入设施区位理论,构建了供水设施区域空间布局优化模型,采用分解-协调法对供水设施空间布局优化模型进行分解协调,采用微粒群优化算法对各子系统进行求解,并将最优结果反馈到协调器,再采用微粒群优化算法对协调器进行求解,最终得出供水设施区域空间布局优化的最优解。
论文以江苏省江阴市为例,采用两阶段的选址方法定量地确定江阴市范围内可以作为候选的水源地水厂的位置,在此基础上利用供水设施区域空间布局优化模型对江阴市供水设施进行空间布局优化,定量确定了水源地及水厂的位置、数量、供水范围及供水规模,为该市的区域供水规划提供依据,同时将江阴市现状区域供水与规划区域供水的工程建设费用进行对比,得出规划区域供水具有明显的经济效益。
Regional water supply was a task which strongly involved in political and technical factors and had been successfully applied abroad and in some domestic area. It was essentially important to deal with some critical puzzles such as lack of fundamental water supply facilities in small town and rural area, difficulty to maximize the efficiency of scale economics for water-supply industry, contradictions existing in water protecting and pollution treatment, and unknow of confirmation way on safety, quality and satisfy volume. However, at present, in china, regional water supply was still on its way of groping, with mainly decided by personal subjective experience and without systematical method support yet. It was more like a bottom-up spontaneous action strategically, which would definitely face the obstacles when considering connecting administrative divisions. And tactically, the original subjective methods were still dominated and far more enough in resolving the above mentioned puzzles in regional water supply. This thesis initially merged three theories into original water supply research, i.e. scale economies effect, facility location theory, large scale system optimization theory, and provided a scientific method to define quantitatively from candidate water resources, slot & number of water plants, supply area and scale.
Based on a wide references home and abroad, this thesis analyzed current method of regional water supply in China, and did systematically elaboration on theory fundamental of regional water supply with aspects: scale economies effect, facility location theory, and large scale system optimization theory,and briefly analyzed the application of the various theory in water supply sharing. This thesis analyzed the influencing factors of location for water resource and water plants from engineering technical perspective, and used two-stage location to determine the location of water resource and water plants for candidate. Locations of water resource and water plants were preliminary screened according to the basic material and influencing factors of water resource and water plants in the first stage. Based on the first stage, this thesis established the hierarchical structure model, constructed judgment matrix along with weight calculation, and quantitatively defined the position of candidate water resource and water plants. The thesis pointed out that the traditional water supply analysis failed to explicitly illustrate the internal relationship of each sub-system in water supply system. According to large scale system optimization theory, regional water supply system was divided into five subsystems: water subsystem, water delivery subsystem, water purification subsystem, water distribution system, and user subsystem. It pointed out the supply and demand balances between water system and water supply system, and water supply system and user requirement respectively. Througe large scale analysis, it also figured out that regional water system had a hierarchical structure of regional water system under the overall objective. The thesis defined the association relationship of various subsystem using user subsystem as the input variable of water distribution subsystem, water purification subsystem for the out variable, and based on this, water purification subsystem as the input variable of water delivery subsystem, water subsystem for the out variable. Based on the large scale system hierarchical control theory, the thesis divided regional water supply system into two interrelated subsystem, and constructed decomposition-coordination model by interaction prediction.
This thesis hypothesized the minimal system engineering cost as target, established a layout optimization model of water supply facilities for regional spacial layout via introducing facility location theory, and decomposed and coordinated the model by utilizing the decomposition-coordination method. The optimal solution of each subsystem was obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization, and it was fed back to coordinator. Then, the optimal solution of coordinator was obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization.
论文在分析了区域供水国内外研究现状的基础上,指出我国区域供水研究存在的问题,对区域供水的理论基础—规模经济理论、设施区位理论、大系统最优化理论进行阐述,并对各个理论在供水设施共享中的应用进行了简要分析;从工程技术角度分析水源地及水厂选址的影响因素,采用两阶段选址的方法确定作为候选的水源地及水厂的位置。第一阶段根据基础资料及水源地和水厂的选址影响因素初步筛选确定出水源地及水厂的位置,第二阶段在第一阶段的基础上建立水源地及水厂选址的层次结构模型,构建判断矩阵并进行权重计算,定量地确定作为候选的水源地及水厂的位置;在对传统区域供水系统解析进行分析的基础上,指出传统区域供水系统解析未能明确指出区域供水中各子系统之间的关系,采用大系统优化理论对区域供水系统进行解析,将区域供水系统分为取水系统、输水系统、净水系统、配水系统、用户系统五个部分,指出取水系统与净水系统、净水系统与用户系统之间在水量上存在供需平衡关系,而且区域供水系统在系统整体目标下具有递阶结构,通过大系统分析,以用水系统作为配水系统的输入变量,净水系统作为输出变量,在此基础上以净水系统作为输水系统的输入变量,取水系统作为输出变量,确定了区域供水大系统的各个子系统之间的关联关系,同时根据大系统递阶控制思想,将区域供水大系统分解成两个相互关联的子系统,并用关联预测法构建区域供水系统的分解-协调抽象模型;以区域供水系统工程建设费用最小为目标,引入设施区位理论,构建了供水设施区域空间布局优化模型,采用分解-协调法对供水设施空间布局优化模型进行分解协调,采用微粒群优化算法对各子系统进行求解,并将最优结果反馈到协调器,再采用微粒群优化算法对协调器进行求解,最终得出供水设施区域空间布局优化的最优解。
论文以江苏省江阴市为例,采用两阶段的选址方法定量地确定江阴市范围内可以作为候选的水源地水厂的位置,在此基础上利用供水设施区域空间布局优化模型对江阴市供水设施进行空间布局优化,定量确定了水源地及水厂的位置、数量、供水范围及供水规模,为该市的区域供水规划提供依据,同时将江阴市现状区域供水与规划区域供水的工程建设费用进行对比,得出规划区域供水具有明显的经济效益。
Regional water supply was a task which strongly involved in political and technical factors and had been successfully applied abroad and in some domestic area. It was essentially important to deal with some critical puzzles such as lack of fundamental water supply facilities in small town and rural area, difficulty to maximize the efficiency of scale economics for water-supply industry, contradictions existing in water protecting and pollution treatment, and unknow of confirmation way on safety, quality and satisfy volume. However, at present, in china, regional water supply was still on its way of groping, with mainly decided by personal subjective experience and without systematical method support yet. It was more like a bottom-up spontaneous action strategically, which would definitely face the obstacles when considering connecting administrative divisions. And tactically, the original subjective methods were still dominated and far more enough in resolving the above mentioned puzzles in regional water supply. This thesis initially merged three theories into original water supply research, i.e. scale economies effect, facility location theory, large scale system optimization theory, and provided a scientific method to define quantitatively from candidate water resources, slot & number of water plants, supply area and scale.
Based on a wide references home and abroad, this thesis analyzed current method of regional water supply in China, and did systematically elaboration on theory fundamental of regional water supply with aspects: scale economies effect, facility location theory, and large scale system optimization theory,and briefly analyzed the application of the various theory in water supply sharing. This thesis analyzed the influencing factors of location for water resource and water plants from engineering technical perspective, and used two-stage location to determine the location of water resource and water plants for candidate. Locations of water resource and water plants were preliminary screened according to the basic material and influencing factors of water resource and water plants in the first stage. Based on the first stage, this thesis established the hierarchical structure model, constructed judgment matrix along with weight calculation, and quantitatively defined the position of candidate water resource and water plants. The thesis pointed out that the traditional water supply analysis failed to explicitly illustrate the internal relationship of each sub-system in water supply system. According to large scale system optimization theory, regional water supply system was divided into five subsystems: water subsystem, water delivery subsystem, water purification subsystem, water distribution system, and user subsystem. It pointed out the supply and demand balances between water system and water supply system, and water supply system and user requirement respectively. Througe large scale analysis, it also figured out that regional water system had a hierarchical structure of regional water system under the overall objective. The thesis defined the association relationship of various subsystem using user subsystem as the input variable of water distribution subsystem, water purification subsystem for the out variable, and based on this, water purification subsystem as the input variable of water delivery subsystem, water subsystem for the out variable. Based on the large scale system hierarchical control theory, the thesis divided regional water supply system into two interrelated subsystem, and constructed decomposition-coordination model by interaction prediction.
This thesis hypothesized the minimal system engineering cost as target, established a layout optimization model of water supply facilities for regional spacial layout via introducing facility location theory, and decomposed and coordinated the model by utilizing the decomposition-coordination method. The optimal solution of each subsystem was obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization, and it was fed back to coordinator. Then, the optimal solution of coordinator was obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization.
引文
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