河口富营养化及其与赤潮生态关系的研究
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摘要
河口、海洋生态系的研究从生物生态到生态模型，从物理过程到生物过程，以至今天着眼于物理过程和生物过程的耦合研究，其间已经历了几百年的发展历史。目前，全球生态系统的研究领域越分越细，出现了许多分支学科、边缘学科；生态模型的尺度从大到小举不胜举，研究的内容也越来越广、越来越深入。论文针对近十几年来河口海湾频繁发生的赤潮现象，从水动力学研究出发，结合生态学原理，在美国国家环保局开发的WASP5模型的基础上，建立了河口水动力学模型、富营养化动力学模型和赤潮营养动力学模型的耦合生态模型。建立了蓄槽—渠道水动力学模型复合网络结构。该结构物理概念清晰、简单，便于扩展为二维、三维网络。富营养化动力学模型属一维二层混合模式，二层也就是指混合层(也即水体)与底泥层之间的交换。模型从生态学原理出发、从生物学角度探讨了整个水体中富营养化形成的实质。赤潮营养动力学模型则从营养学角度揭示赤潮生物从形成到消亡的全过程。模型应用于珠江河口的河口生态环境研究中，对珠江河口的富营养化水平进行了评估，并对赤潮发生的可能性作了预测。在此基础上，探讨了赤潮生态与富营养化问题之间的辩证关系。
From studying on aquatic biology to studying on ecological modeling; from physical process research to biological process research; up to present time, studying on coupling physical processes and ecological processes of organisms, study on estuarine ecosystem has been developing for hundreds of year. The domain of ecosystematic research is divided into many branches of subject. The scale of ecological model will be from small to large. The content of ecological model will be extensive and profound. In resent years, red tide occurs frequently to estuarine water area. On the bases of WASP5 (U.S. environmental protection agency, 1993), the paper sets up a coupling model, which combines WASPS with nutrient dynamics modeling on red tide. The network of hydrodynamic model is characteristic of junction-channel, which physical meaning is in focus and simple. The structure of junction - channel network is extended to two-dimensional or three-dimensional network conveniently. Eutrophication model is characteristic of
one-dimensional and two-layers' model, and the mixed layer has transport processes with benthic layer. The ecological essential and biological essential of eutrophication through water is presented. From the point of view, how the eutrophication is formed is calculated in model. On the bases of nutrients dynamics and food chain principles, Red tide nutrients dynamic model describes the process of propagation and contabescence on red tide. The coupling model is applied to study ecological environment on Pearl River Estuary. The standard of eutrophication is estimated and probability of red tide' s occurrence is predicted. Upon this, the dialectical relation between red tide and eutrophication is thoroughly discussed.
From studying on aquatic biology to studying on ecological modeling; from physical process research to biological process research; up to present time, studying on coupling physical processes and ecological processes of organisms, study on estuarine ecosystem has been developing for hundreds of year. The domain of ecosystematic research is divided into many branches of subject. The scale of ecological model will be from small to large. The content of ecological model will be extensive and profound. In resent years, red tide occurs frequently to estuarine water area. On the bases of WASP5 (U.S. environmental protection agency, 1993), the paper sets up a coupling model, which combines WASPS with nutrient dynamics modeling on red tide. The network of hydrodynamic model is characteristic of junction-channel, which physical meaning is in focus and simple. The structure of junction - channel network is extended to two-dimensional or three-dimensional network conveniently. Eutrophication model is characteristic of
one-dimensional and two-layers' model, and the mixed layer has transport processes with benthic layer. The ecological essential and biological essential of eutrophication through water is presented. From the point of view, how the eutrophication is formed is calculated in model. On the bases of nutrients dynamics and food chain principles, Red tide nutrients dynamic model describes the process of propagation and contabescence on red tide. The coupling model is applied to study ecological environment on Pearl River Estuary. The standard of eutrophication is estimated and probability of red tide' s occurrence is predicted. Upon this, the dialectical relation between red tide and eutrophication is thoroughly discussed.
引文
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