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造山带沉积学
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摘要
论文通过对中国西南及邻区主要造山带的沉积地质学研究,将经典的沉积学方法体系引入造山带的形成和演化研究,建立了一个比较完整的造山带沉积学理论和方法体系。
     在华南造山带沉积盆地分析和演化研究中,①对扬子大陆东南边缘从震旦纪到三叠纪沉积环境,沉积作用特点,沉积盆地性质和演化进行研究,特别是建立了中国南方扬子板块早古生代从裂谷,被动大陆边缘到前陆盆地华南造山带沉积作用格架。②在沉积盆地分析方面,基本查明扬子板块东南边缘早古生代被动大陆边缘沉积特征及沉积构造演化,同时运用反剥法技术对扬子板块东南大陆边缘沉积盆地形成,演化的构造沉降动力学进行探讨,运用计算机模拟方法,定量动力沉积学对扬子东南边缘奥陶纪到志留纪前陆地进行计算机模拟分析,探索并建立这个古老造山带前陆盆定量参数和动态定量模拟。
     在东秦岭南带沉积盆地演化研究中:①通过对东秦岭南带从震旦系到三叠系的沉积作用过程,沉积环境展布和变化,沉积盆地性质、内部结构、层序、配置和发展演化,沉积过程中重大地质事件研究;②随着全球沉积地质计划在全球的推广和展开,在研究内容和技术方法上,增加秦岭造山带层序地层学以及沉积盆地动力学探索等沉积地质学前缘学科的研究,这样从更深入和更广阔的角度进行了这个造山带的沉积盆地分析,在研究方法、思路和内涵上开拓了造山带沉积学的一些基本观点。
     在喜马拉雅造山带沉积学研究中,详细地进行了喜马拉雅特提斯从三叠纪到第三系的沉积学研究;完成区域成因地层格架和层序地层划分,建立冈瓦纳大陆北部被动大陆边缘的全球海平面变化和海岸上超曲线;并对组成喜马拉雅造山带各种主要沉积盆地进行了构造沉降分析,研究盆地演化动力机制;加强力度探讨了特提斯碳酸盐台地形成和演化重大问题分析;最后基本建立起来雅鲁藏布中—新生造山带从裂谷,被动大陆边缘到前陆盆地的造山带沉积地质立典的格架。
     在秦祁昆仑结合部研究中,加强和突出了精细的岛弧盆分析和造山作用关系的研究,探讨了秦、祁、昆结合部多岛弧盆特征;通过巴颜喀拉地区沉积特征,沉积体的空间展布和形态,面式物源供给方式,矿物成分和地球化学背景分析,其沉积盆地属性总体上反映出一个从过渡地壳-洋壳基础上发育起来的周缘前陆盆地的发展和演化过程。
     在金沙江造山带研究中,将多岛弧盆理论应用于这个造山带的沉积盆地分析研究中,对金沙江多岛弧盆造山带进行了详细解剖,建立金沙江多岛弧盆系造山造盆的模式,进一步发展造山带沉积学和沉积盆地分析理论体系。
     把造山带沉积学研究内容和内涵进一步扩展,放到全球的古地理格架中,从造山带和沉积盆地关系上研究中国南大陆的独特裂聚演化史,反映出中国南大陆与全球古地理对比既有同步性也有非同步性;进而提出泛华夏陆块群是全球古地理的一个重要组成部
    
    分。
     总之,造山带沉积地质学把造山带地层格架、层序地层格架、沉积环境、沉积作用
    特征和沉积盆地分析、板块构造学、生物地质学及地球物理、地球化学融为一体。以造
    山带沉积盆地演化为基础,并重视沉积盆地演化过程中全球性重大地质事件的记录,而
    且把盆地中矿产等有用元素的富集和分散变化作为沉积盆地演化中的一部分,同时以造
    山带沉积盆地动力学为成因解释基础,探讨造山带沉积盆地形成和展布,内部物质组成、
    发展和演化特征,就是通过造山带的沉积记录来分析造山带的形成和演化的详细过程,
    至溯造山带占地理、古海洋、古构造格局及地球动力学特征,探索全球古地理演化和对
    比。这就是造山带沉积学研究的基本思路。
Through study of the sedimentaiy geology in the several main belts in China, it is mainly purpose that paper introduces the classic sedimentology to a research on the formation and evolution of erogenic belts and builds up a relatively systemic method and theory of the Orogenic-Sedimentology.
    In a study on a sedimentary basin analysis of the Huanan orogenic belt, the sedimentary basin character and evolution in the southeastern passive continental margin of the Yangtze plate is investigated with elaborate sedimentary environments and sedimentary character from the Sinian to the Triassic, and then the sedimentation sketch of this belt is established especially to be from rift, passive continental margin into foreland basin in the early Paleozoic on the Yangtze plate. The tectonic subsidence curves on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze plate are drawn out using of backstripping method for the basin formation and evolution. The basins located in the southern margin of the Yangtze plate, in the basin dynamic computer simulation, is explored and constituted to be a typical foreland basin which is of not rather high mountain and thermal situation to be lower in this older orogeny belt.
    During the work period in the southern zone of the East Qinling belt, the process of sedimentation, basin quality and its interior structure and configure, important events are studied from the Sinian to the Triassic, especially through more than one hundred km profile across the southern zone of the East Qinling belt. In the technical method, the basin dynamic analysis in the Cambrian and the Devonian respectively and the cycle events in the late Triassic are added to the research of the belt. The some basic and important viewpoints of the Orogenic-Sedimentology are prompted in the study method, thought and connotation fields in this stage.
    In the study of Himalayan belt, the sedimentation is detailedly studied during the Triassic to the tertiary in the southern Tibet. The tectonic subsidence analysis and dynamic mechanism of the basin evolution are processed in the main sedimentary basins across this belt. The formation and dynamic evolution of the Tethyan carbonate platform is discussed in this area. The classic geological model from the rift, passive continental margin to foreland basin in the Himalayan belt is basic build up basically.
    
    
    
    In the link party of Qinling-Qiliang-Kunlun belt, the Polyarc-basin systemic characteristic is discussed with strengthen and standout study on the detail relationship analysis between the arc-basin. The Bayan Har Basin thought to be the preexistence of the Songpan-Garze belt, is a back-arc basin among a series of Polyarc-basin systems behind the Qiangtang-Taniantawong front the arc beginning in the Late Paleozoic. The eastern margin started as the western passive continental margin of the Yangtze block (D-T2), then changed into a foreland basin related to the North China block and the Qiangtang block during the middle to late Triassic. The stratigraphic sequences and sedimentological characteristics indicate that the main body of the Bayan Har Basin is composed of Triassic flysch sediments deposited in a foreland basin during the Triassic.
    In the study of Jinshajiang orogenic belt, in the applying archipelago theory and particular anatomies to basin analysis in this orogeny, the model of Jinshajiang archipelago mountain building and basin building is set up. The Orogenic-Sedimentology and sedimentary basin analysis system is printed archipelago paleogeography any more.
    When the research content and meaning of the Orogenic-Sedimentology far more is expanding, and enlarging to the global paelogeography. The evolution history in rifting-assemble of southern China continental landmass is investigated with a relationship between sedimentary basin and orogenic belt, which reflects not only a synchronizing but also asynchronies in contrast, the southern China landmass with the global paelogeography. Meanwhile it is promoted that the Pan Cathaysian is an important part of the global paelog
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