难动用储层影响因素及分类标准研究
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摘要
论文以大庆长垣萨尔图油田北二西区为对象,研究了萨尔图、葡萄花、高台子三套油层砂岩储层水/聚驱开发过程中出现的难动用储层特点,分析了形成难动用储层的因素,探讨了难动用储层划分标准以及单井剖面上的分类方法,分析了其分布特征和动用条件。取得了以下主要成果:
1、在各油层砂岩储层基本特征分析基础上,研究了区内砂岩储层层间、平面和层内非均质特性,以及它们与油层水驱油效率的关系。
2、利用数字显微图象分析系统测定了 92 个岩心塞样品的 33 种微观二维孔隙结构参数,结果表明这些孔隙结构参数与岩心塞样品测定的渗透率和水驱油效率参数之间有很高的相关性。
3、水驱油效率模拟实验显示 10 种图象分析孔隙结构参数与水驱油效率的关系密切。从中确定出孔隙形态指数作为储层类型划分的重要依据。
4、从宏观到微观综合分析了形成难动用储层的影响因素。分析了砂体成因类型、沉积旋回特征、开发层系、井网类型及注水井距和砂层微观非均质性等因素,确定了控制水/聚驱开发效果的主要因素。
5、利用孔隙形态指数在岩心样品中划分砂岩储层类型。分析各类砂岩储层的岩石类型和孔隙结构参数特征,寻找各类难、易动用储层孔隙结构分布的规律。进而将该方法应用到单井岩心剖面中,按表外厚度和有效厚度分别划分各类难、易动用储层类型。通过 Delphi5.0 语言将难动用储层分类与划分标准编写成计算机操作解释程序,实现人机联动。
6、利用划分标准和分类方法计算机操作解释程序,分析了区内 49 口三次加密井难动用储层分布特征。有效厚度中,难动用储层占整个储层层数的 43.4%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类占 44.6%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占 55.4%。独立表外厚度中,难动用储层占储层层数的 49.8%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类占 71.1%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占 28.9%。研究认为有效厚度中难动用储层的动用潜力相对较大。
7、从三个方面分析了难动用储层的动用条件:(1)适当调整井网类型;(2) 改变注入流体的物理化学性质,注聚合物是目前首选的方法;(3) 薄差层和表外难动用储层应尽可能地使用限流法压裂完井,改善井口附近储层的流动性质。
Based on the data of Sartu, Putaohua and Gaotaizhi oil bearing groups, this paper studies the characteristics of the sandstone reservoirs with low water/polymer recovery efficiency in each oil bearing group, criterion of classification, type-recognition in the well logging profile and their formative effects. Then, it discusses the potential and methods for the low recovery reservoirs.
First of all, the paper studies the basic characteristics of the reservoir in each oil-bearing groups including the distribution, genetic types, diageneses, pore types and textures, porosity, permeability, original and current oil saturation of the sands in the study area. Based on the permeability data interpreted from well loggings, the macro-heterogeneities of the sands have been studied, such as the heterogeneity between the layers, the heterogeneity within the layer and the horizontal heterogeneity for each layer of the sands in the area as well as the correlation between the macro-heterogeneities and water/polymer flooding recovery efficiency. With the micro-pore textures of sandstone being studied, petrographic image analysis system has been used to measure 33 types of pore-textural parameters in 2-dimentions from 92 core plug samples. These parameters have a very high correlation coefficient with the permeability and recovery efficiency data measured from the core plugs. To zero in on the parameters mainly influencing the water recovery efficiency, 6 core plugs with different pore textures have been chosen to perform a water-flooding simulation test. Under different injecting conditions, 10 parameters have been chosen because they have closer correlation with the oil recovery efficiency during the test. Two parameters are distinguished from the 10 and their difference is taken as the pore shape index, which is especially important for the reservoir classification.
To make the classification of reservoir accurate and objective, each formative effect of the reservoirs with low recovery efficiency has been examined thoroughly from the macro scale to the micro one. While the genetic types of sands, the patterns of sand vertical sequences, the developing sand complex, the developing well patterns and distances between the injection and production wells have been analyzed to find the effects which mainly control the water flooding recovery efficiency of the sands in the area. The pore textural parameters from 1597 core-plug conventional petrophysical data in two cored wells are inversed, grouped and calculated to form the
heterogeneous parameters according to sand layers to make the heterogeneous parameters full of pore textural characteristics. Through analyzing, a conclusion has been reached that the pore shape heterogeneity is the main formative effect of the reservoirs with low recovery efficiency in the area because compared with the heterogeneous parameters of core-plug permeability, the heterogeneous parameters of inversed from image analysis pore textural data have a very closer correlation with water/polymer flooding recovery efficiency data. The classification of reservoirs with low recovery efficiency is made in a way from microscopic scale to macroscopic one. First, the pore shape index is used in classification among the 92 core-plug samples. Second, the characteristics of petrography and pore textures in each type of sand are studied to recognize the regular pattern of pore textures among different types of sands. Third, the classification method is used in cored wells to separate the low recovery reservoirs from the higher ones according to their marginal sand thickness and oil sand thickness. Finally, the method is expanded to the well logging profile. In order to apply the classification system in the oilfield, Delphi5.0 is used for developing a computer program to operate the whole classification system in a PC with windows 98 and upper version. With the computer program, 49 infilling well data in the area have been processed and each sand with low recovery efficiency in a well profile is recognized and classifi
1、在各油层砂岩储层基本特征分析基础上,研究了区内砂岩储层层间、平面和层内非均质特性,以及它们与油层水驱油效率的关系。
2、利用数字显微图象分析系统测定了 92 个岩心塞样品的 33 种微观二维孔隙结构参数,结果表明这些孔隙结构参数与岩心塞样品测定的渗透率和水驱油效率参数之间有很高的相关性。
3、水驱油效率模拟实验显示 10 种图象分析孔隙结构参数与水驱油效率的关系密切。从中确定出孔隙形态指数作为储层类型划分的重要依据。
4、从宏观到微观综合分析了形成难动用储层的影响因素。分析了砂体成因类型、沉积旋回特征、开发层系、井网类型及注水井距和砂层微观非均质性等因素,确定了控制水/聚驱开发效果的主要因素。
5、利用孔隙形态指数在岩心样品中划分砂岩储层类型。分析各类砂岩储层的岩石类型和孔隙结构参数特征,寻找各类难、易动用储层孔隙结构分布的规律。进而将该方法应用到单井岩心剖面中,按表外厚度和有效厚度分别划分各类难、易动用储层类型。通过 Delphi5.0 语言将难动用储层分类与划分标准编写成计算机操作解释程序,实现人机联动。
6、利用划分标准和分类方法计算机操作解释程序,分析了区内 49 口三次加密井难动用储层分布特征。有效厚度中,难动用储层占整个储层层数的 43.4%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类占 44.6%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占 55.4%。独立表外厚度中,难动用储层占储层层数的 49.8%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类占 71.1%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占 28.9%。研究认为有效厚度中难动用储层的动用潜力相对较大。
7、从三个方面分析了难动用储层的动用条件:(1)适当调整井网类型;(2) 改变注入流体的物理化学性质,注聚合物是目前首选的方法;(3) 薄差层和表外难动用储层应尽可能地使用限流法压裂完井,改善井口附近储层的流动性质。
Based on the data of Sartu, Putaohua and Gaotaizhi oil bearing groups, this paper studies the characteristics of the sandstone reservoirs with low water/polymer recovery efficiency in each oil bearing group, criterion of classification, type-recognition in the well logging profile and their formative effects. Then, it discusses the potential and methods for the low recovery reservoirs.
First of all, the paper studies the basic characteristics of the reservoir in each oil-bearing groups including the distribution, genetic types, diageneses, pore types and textures, porosity, permeability, original and current oil saturation of the sands in the study area. Based on the permeability data interpreted from well loggings, the macro-heterogeneities of the sands have been studied, such as the heterogeneity between the layers, the heterogeneity within the layer and the horizontal heterogeneity for each layer of the sands in the area as well as the correlation between the macro-heterogeneities and water/polymer flooding recovery efficiency. With the micro-pore textures of sandstone being studied, petrographic image analysis system has been used to measure 33 types of pore-textural parameters in 2-dimentions from 92 core plug samples. These parameters have a very high correlation coefficient with the permeability and recovery efficiency data measured from the core plugs. To zero in on the parameters mainly influencing the water recovery efficiency, 6 core plugs with different pore textures have been chosen to perform a water-flooding simulation test. Under different injecting conditions, 10 parameters have been chosen because they have closer correlation with the oil recovery efficiency during the test. Two parameters are distinguished from the 10 and their difference is taken as the pore shape index, which is especially important for the reservoir classification.
To make the classification of reservoir accurate and objective, each formative effect of the reservoirs with low recovery efficiency has been examined thoroughly from the macro scale to the micro one. While the genetic types of sands, the patterns of sand vertical sequences, the developing sand complex, the developing well patterns and distances between the injection and production wells have been analyzed to find the effects which mainly control the water flooding recovery efficiency of the sands in the area. The pore textural parameters from 1597 core-plug conventional petrophysical data in two cored wells are inversed, grouped and calculated to form the
heterogeneous parameters according to sand layers to make the heterogeneous parameters full of pore textural characteristics. Through analyzing, a conclusion has been reached that the pore shape heterogeneity is the main formative effect of the reservoirs with low recovery efficiency in the area because compared with the heterogeneous parameters of core-plug permeability, the heterogeneous parameters of inversed from image analysis pore textural data have a very closer correlation with water/polymer flooding recovery efficiency data. The classification of reservoirs with low recovery efficiency is made in a way from microscopic scale to macroscopic one. First, the pore shape index is used in classification among the 92 core-plug samples. Second, the characteristics of petrography and pore textures in each type of sand are studied to recognize the regular pattern of pore textures among different types of sands. Third, the classification method is used in cored wells to separate the low recovery reservoirs from the higher ones according to their marginal sand thickness and oil sand thickness. Finally, the method is expanded to the well logging profile. In order to apply the classification system in the oilfield, Delphi5.0 is used for developing a computer program to operate the whole classification system in a PC with windows 98 and upper version. With the computer program, 49 infilling well data in the area have been processed and each sand with low recovery efficiency in a well profile is recognized and classifi
引文
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[2]魏斌,陈建文。应用储层流动单元研究高含水油田剩余油分布。地学前缘,2000.10. 7(4):403～410。
[3]刘建民,李阳等。应用驱油微观模拟实验技术研究储层剩余油微观分布特征。中国海上油气(地质),2000. 14(1):51～54。
[4]黄思静,杨永林等。注水开发对砂岩储层孔隙结构的影响。中国海上油气(地质),2000. 14(2):122～128。
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