泰康——西超地区沉积相研究及隐蔽油气藏形成条件分析
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摘要
论文紧密结合松辽盆地泰康-西超地区中部组合的油气勘探实际,通过岩心观察、岩心微相分析、单井相分析、层序地层学解释和沉积相分析,进行了储层预测、地层-岩性圈闭识别等工作,在以下几方面取得了重要认识:
1.依据高分辨率层序地层学理论指导,建立了目的层段的层序地层格架。区内中部组合地层可划分为 5 个完整中期旋回和 1 个下降半旋回(底部)及 1 个上升半旋回(顶部);通过层序地层学分析建立了 2 种类型的层序地层学模式;
2.通过对岩芯观察、描述和分析,将泰康-西超地区青山口组、姚家组和嫩江组嫩一段地层中划分出 14 种岩芯微相类型。它们在垂向上组成了 9 种典型的组合类型,不同的组合反映了不同的沉积作用和沉积环境;
3.依靠岩芯、钻测井、岩性组合和沉积旋回特征,确定了泰康-西超地区在青二、三段、姚一段、姚二、三段和嫩一段时期发育河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相和湖相沉积。各沉积相可进一步细分为多种亚相及微相;
4.确定区内高台子油层组、葡萄花油层组和萨尔图油层组沉积时期发育北部沉积体系、西北沉积体系和西南沉积体系,在高台子油层和萨二、三组沉积时期还发育西部沉积体系。这 4 大沉积体系控制了区内砂体的发育和展布。
5.根据物源供应、沉积体系的展布、沉积相组成和沉积微相之间的配置关系,建立了萨尔图油层低水位期和水进期沉积充填模式;
6.本区地层-岩性圈闭的类型主要有砂体上倾尖灭岩性圈闭、砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭、地层岩性圈闭和复合型岩性圈闭 4 种类型;
7.研究区储集层岩相主要为三角洲相、滨浅湖相砂体。岩石类型以砂岩和粉砂岩为主,其次是细砾岩;
8.中部含油气组合主要受四大沉积体系的控制。在不同沉积体系所控制的砂岩变化是有规律的,近物源处,砂体总厚度不大,层数少,分选差,但单层厚度大。中部砂岩累积厚度大,层数多,单层厚度稍小,岩性成熟度好于近物源区。沉积中心部位,砂组累计厚度和单层厚度均变小,呈带状发育于泥岩中;
9.研究区有 3 个重要的成藏规律:古隆起及斜坡带控制油气聚集与分布;断裂及不整合面控制了油气的富集;地层岩性圈闭是本区油气富集的重要圈闭类型。地层岩性圈闭在研究区主要有砂体上倾尖灭岩性圈闭、砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭、地层岩性圈闭、复合型岩性圈闭;
10.预测出地层-岩性圈闭 31 个,其中 G 砂组 8 个;S2+3 砂组 7 个; S1 砂组 10 个; S0 砂组 6 个。
By mean of close integrating with the facts of the petroleum exploration of the middle formation combination in Taikang –West Overlap region and through core observation, core microfacies analysis, facies analysis for individual well, sequence stratigraphy interpretation and sedimentary facies analysis, the reservoirs predication, formation—lithological trap identification and so forth have been conducted in the paper, finally have drawn the following important conclusions:
1. Five complete middle-period cycles and one dropping semi-cycle (at the bottom) and one uprising semi-cycle (on the top) have been divided in the middle formation combination of the region. Through the analysis of sequence stratigraphy, two types of sequence stratigrphic models have been established;
2. By mean of the observation, description and analysis of the testing samples, fourteen kinds of core microfacies are classified in the formations of Qingshankou, Yaojia, and Nenjiang No.1 interval of Taikang—West Overlap region. The above types become the primary element of the sedimentary formations in the above area. And furthermore nine typical combined types are formed in vertical; the different combination responds the different sedimentary actions and environments.
3. The fluvial facies, deltaic facies, fan deltaic facies and lake facies sedimentations are well developed in Taikang—West overlap region during the sedimentary periods of Qing 2+ Qing 3 intervals, Yao 1+ Yao 2+ Yao 3 intervals and Nen 1 interval. And furthermore each sedimentary facies can be further subdivided into multiple subfacies and microfacies;
4. The paper regards that the northern, northwestern and southwestern sedimentary systems are separately developed during the sedimentary periods of Gaotaizi oil reservoirs, Putaohua oil reservoirs and Saertu oil reservoirs; the western sedimentary system is well developed during the sedimentary periods of Gaotaizi oil reservoirs and S2 + S3. The above four sedimentary systems control the sand body development and distribution in the region.
5. Considering the match relation of material supply, sedimentary systems distribution and sedimentary facies composition with sedimentary subfacies, the sedimentary infill models are established during low water-level period and water intrusion period of Saertu oil reservoirs;
6. The comprehensive analysis think that the main four formation—lithology trap types are the lithological trap with sand body upward pitchout, the lithological one with sandstone lens, formation lithology one and complex lithological trap;
7. The reservoir types in the studied region are mainly deltaic facies and inshore shallow lake facies sand bodies. The rock types are mainly sandstone and siltstone, the rest is fine conglomerate;
8. The middle petroleum-bearing combination is chiefly controlled by four sedimentary systems. The change of sand body controlled by the different sedimentary system has a certain law;
9. There are three main controlling factors: the first is the petroleum gathering and distribution are controlled by paleohigh and slope region; the second is petroleum enrichment is determined by faults and unconformity; the third is formation—lithological trap is the important trap form of petroleum enrichment in the region; 10. Through the comprehensive studies, 31 formations—lithology traps are predicted in the region. Among them, there are 8 traps in G sand group; 7 in S2+3 sand groups; 10 in S1 sand group; and 6 in S0 sand group.
1.依据高分辨率层序地层学理论指导,建立了目的层段的层序地层格架。区内中部组合地层可划分为 5 个完整中期旋回和 1 个下降半旋回(底部)及 1 个上升半旋回(顶部);通过层序地层学分析建立了 2 种类型的层序地层学模式;
2.通过对岩芯观察、描述和分析,将泰康-西超地区青山口组、姚家组和嫩江组嫩一段地层中划分出 14 种岩芯微相类型。它们在垂向上组成了 9 种典型的组合类型,不同的组合反映了不同的沉积作用和沉积环境;
3.依靠岩芯、钻测井、岩性组合和沉积旋回特征,确定了泰康-西超地区在青二、三段、姚一段、姚二、三段和嫩一段时期发育河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相和湖相沉积。各沉积相可进一步细分为多种亚相及微相;
4.确定区内高台子油层组、葡萄花油层组和萨尔图油层组沉积时期发育北部沉积体系、西北沉积体系和西南沉积体系,在高台子油层和萨二、三组沉积时期还发育西部沉积体系。这 4 大沉积体系控制了区内砂体的发育和展布。
5.根据物源供应、沉积体系的展布、沉积相组成和沉积微相之间的配置关系,建立了萨尔图油层低水位期和水进期沉积充填模式;
6.本区地层-岩性圈闭的类型主要有砂体上倾尖灭岩性圈闭、砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭、地层岩性圈闭和复合型岩性圈闭 4 种类型;
7.研究区储集层岩相主要为三角洲相、滨浅湖相砂体。岩石类型以砂岩和粉砂岩为主,其次是细砾岩;
8.中部含油气组合主要受四大沉积体系的控制。在不同沉积体系所控制的砂岩变化是有规律的,近物源处,砂体总厚度不大,层数少,分选差,但单层厚度大。中部砂岩累积厚度大,层数多,单层厚度稍小,岩性成熟度好于近物源区。沉积中心部位,砂组累计厚度和单层厚度均变小,呈带状发育于泥岩中;
9.研究区有 3 个重要的成藏规律:古隆起及斜坡带控制油气聚集与分布;断裂及不整合面控制了油气的富集;地层岩性圈闭是本区油气富集的重要圈闭类型。地层岩性圈闭在研究区主要有砂体上倾尖灭岩性圈闭、砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭、地层岩性圈闭、复合型岩性圈闭;
10.预测出地层-岩性圈闭 31 个,其中 G 砂组 8 个;S2+3 砂组 7 个; S1 砂组 10 个; S0 砂组 6 个。
By mean of close integrating with the facts of the petroleum exploration of the middle formation combination in Taikang –West Overlap region and through core observation, core microfacies analysis, facies analysis for individual well, sequence stratigraphy interpretation and sedimentary facies analysis, the reservoirs predication, formation—lithological trap identification and so forth have been conducted in the paper, finally have drawn the following important conclusions:
1. Five complete middle-period cycles and one dropping semi-cycle (at the bottom) and one uprising semi-cycle (on the top) have been divided in the middle formation combination of the region. Through the analysis of sequence stratigraphy, two types of sequence stratigrphic models have been established;
2. By mean of the observation, description and analysis of the testing samples, fourteen kinds of core microfacies are classified in the formations of Qingshankou, Yaojia, and Nenjiang No.1 interval of Taikang—West Overlap region. The above types become the primary element of the sedimentary formations in the above area. And furthermore nine typical combined types are formed in vertical; the different combination responds the different sedimentary actions and environments.
3. The fluvial facies, deltaic facies, fan deltaic facies and lake facies sedimentations are well developed in Taikang—West overlap region during the sedimentary periods of Qing 2+ Qing 3 intervals, Yao 1+ Yao 2+ Yao 3 intervals and Nen 1 interval. And furthermore each sedimentary facies can be further subdivided into multiple subfacies and microfacies;
4. The paper regards that the northern, northwestern and southwestern sedimentary systems are separately developed during the sedimentary periods of Gaotaizi oil reservoirs, Putaohua oil reservoirs and Saertu oil reservoirs; the western sedimentary system is well developed during the sedimentary periods of Gaotaizi oil reservoirs and S2 + S3. The above four sedimentary systems control the sand body development and distribution in the region.
5. Considering the match relation of material supply, sedimentary systems distribution and sedimentary facies composition with sedimentary subfacies, the sedimentary infill models are established during low water-level period and water intrusion period of Saertu oil reservoirs;
6. The comprehensive analysis think that the main four formation—lithology trap types are the lithological trap with sand body upward pitchout, the lithological one with sandstone lens, formation lithology one and complex lithological trap;
7. The reservoir types in the studied region are mainly deltaic facies and inshore shallow lake facies sand bodies. The rock types are mainly sandstone and siltstone, the rest is fine conglomerate;
8. The middle petroleum-bearing combination is chiefly controlled by four sedimentary systems. The change of sand body controlled by the different sedimentary system has a certain law;
9. There are three main controlling factors: the first is the petroleum gathering and distribution are controlled by paleohigh and slope region; the second is petroleum enrichment is determined by faults and unconformity; the third is formation—lithological trap is the important trap form of petroleum enrichment in the region; 10. Through the comprehensive studies, 31 formations—lithology traps are predicted in the region. Among them, there are 8 traps in G sand group; 7 in S2+3 sand groups; 10 in S1 sand group; and 6 in S0 sand group.
引文
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