渤海湾盆地月海合作区块地震高分辨率处理与解释应用技术研究
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摘要
寻找隐蔽油气藏一直是油气勘探中难度较大的课题。本论文以渤海湾盆地月海国际合作区油气勘探开发项目为例,针对探区存在的进一步开展油气勘探、开发方向难以把握的实际情况,从三维地震资料处理入手,着重进行了地震资料的高分辨率处理技术的应用性技术研究,以精细的高保真处理的地震资料为基础,在充分借鉴分析探区内前人的工作成果上,结合测井、录井及岩芯等综合物探资料,遵循岩性油气藏的成藏规律、充分利用地震解释性处理技术方法及手段,在地震资料处理、构造精细解释、地层划分与对比、储层展布规律以及地质异常体识别等在油气分布规律预测全过程中,均取得了较好的效果,为该探区储层及油气资源预测提供了有利的地球物理依据。
本论文研究中取得了如下成果和创新:(1)针对探区气枪和炸药两种不同的震源对气枪、炸药两种不同震源的资料,分析运用了子波整形处理技术;实验设计了新的组合预测反褶积流程。处理结果显示的剖面信噪比适度、波组特征清楚、频率有一定的提高,层间多次波得到有效的压制。提出并验证了高分辨率地震资料处理对不同震源、非一次施工采集的地震资料必须进行频率、波形一致性处理及子波压缩整形的观点。(2)准确选择了适宜的中深层剖面频率。提出了对于地下构造复杂,地震资料处理中中深目的层反射能量不强、频率和信噪比低的探区,不宜过分追求纵向分辨率,否则会影响信噪比和横向分辨率新观点。(3)在本区运用了针对性去噪方法,有针对性的对低频有效信号的保护,既压制了噪声,又保护了有效信息,保障了中深目的层的成像。大胆选择叠前去噪,虽增加了资料处理的复杂程度和工作量,但在去除多次波噪声的同时,有效地保护了有效信号,实现了地震资料处理的高保真。(4)地震资料处理较高的信噪比,是有效利用综合物探手段寻找岩性油气藏的基础。如:资料处理中采用的偏移、去噪、深层频率应用不当等问题时,易使断点模糊、层位接触关系不清,甚至影响地震相划分、地震属性分析、三维可视化、地震反演等针对隐蔽油气藏的勘探技术手段的应用效果。利用本次处理的地震资料,较好的应用了变速成图、地震属性以及地震反演等综合解释手段,在储集层砂体预测中得到了验证,为油气资源的预测提供了可靠的依据。
Finding the subtle trap hydrocarbon reservoir is a difficult subject in theoil-gas exploration for a long time. In this paper, aiming at problems existingin the exploration areas e.g. the oil and gas needs to be further explored, andthe development direction is not clear, using an example of oil-gas explorationproject at Yuehai international cooperation zone of Bohai Bay basin, startingfrom principle of treating high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data andusing fine seismic data of high fidelity treatment, based on the fully analyzedexploration results at the area and combined with comprehensive results of welllogging etc., according to the reservoir forming rule of lithological oil-gasreservoir, special technical method on seismic data is studied in the applicationsof fine explaining structure, partition and contrast of stratums, distributionrule of reservoir beds, identification and evaluation of geologic anomalousbodies and predicting oil-gas distribution zones. As a result, a good result isobtained and can provide a favorable technical support for predicting thereservoir beds and the oil-gas resources.
New results in this research project are: (1) Treatment technique for waveletshaping is used for two different earthquake focus data of air gun and explosive.Meanwhile using treatment technique of wavelet shaping for two differentearthquake focuses of air gun and explosive, combined predicted deconvolutionprocess is re-designed, making section signal-to-noise temperate, train featureof waves clear, frequency develop accordingly, polygenous wave between stratumssuppress effectively. (2) Advisable semi-deep profile frequency is correctlyselected. It is suggested that the vertical resolution is not advisable to beover pursued during data treatment for exploration zones whose undergroundstructure is complex, reflective energy of semideep stratum is not strong,frequency and signal-to-noise is low, or the signal-to-noise and horizontalresolution may be affected. (3) Corresponding noise removal in this area iscreatively used. Not only the noise is suppressed, but also the effectiveinformation is protected. Especially, using protection of low-frequencyeffective signal ensures the imaging of semi-deep stratum. Although selectingnoise removal before lapping increases the complex degree of data treatment, theeffective information is effectively protected and the high fidelity of seismic
data treatment is realizedatthesametimeof removing wavenoiseinmulti-times.(4)Incomprehensive explanation for data,methods of variable speed drawing, inversion of earthquake property andearthquake and etc. are successfully used for providing a reliable basis of hiddenoil-gas reservoir exploration. Relatively high signal-to-noise of seismic datais an effective basis of using comprehensive exploration'methods to find thelithological oil-gas reservoir. If the adopted excursion, noise removal anddeep-zone frequency are used unsuitably, the data of temperate frequency, goodcontinuity and high signal-to-noise may easily make breakpoint fuzzy, contactrelation of horizons not clear, which may directly affect the application resultsof exploration technique methods for hidden oil-gas reservoir of seismic phasepartition, seismic property analysis, three-dimensional visualization, seismicinversion, etc.
本论文研究中取得了如下成果和创新:(1)针对探区气枪和炸药两种不同的震源对气枪、炸药两种不同震源的资料,分析运用了子波整形处理技术;实验设计了新的组合预测反褶积流程。处理结果显示的剖面信噪比适度、波组特征清楚、频率有一定的提高,层间多次波得到有效的压制。提出并验证了高分辨率地震资料处理对不同震源、非一次施工采集的地震资料必须进行频率、波形一致性处理及子波压缩整形的观点。(2)准确选择了适宜的中深层剖面频率。提出了对于地下构造复杂,地震资料处理中中深目的层反射能量不强、频率和信噪比低的探区,不宜过分追求纵向分辨率,否则会影响信噪比和横向分辨率新观点。(3)在本区运用了针对性去噪方法,有针对性的对低频有效信号的保护,既压制了噪声,又保护了有效信息,保障了中深目的层的成像。大胆选择叠前去噪,虽增加了资料处理的复杂程度和工作量,但在去除多次波噪声的同时,有效地保护了有效信号,实现了地震资料处理的高保真。(4)地震资料处理较高的信噪比,是有效利用综合物探手段寻找岩性油气藏的基础。如:资料处理中采用的偏移、去噪、深层频率应用不当等问题时,易使断点模糊、层位接触关系不清,甚至影响地震相划分、地震属性分析、三维可视化、地震反演等针对隐蔽油气藏的勘探技术手段的应用效果。利用本次处理的地震资料,较好的应用了变速成图、地震属性以及地震反演等综合解释手段,在储集层砂体预测中得到了验证,为油气资源的预测提供了可靠的依据。
Finding the subtle trap hydrocarbon reservoir is a difficult subject in theoil-gas exploration for a long time. In this paper, aiming at problems existingin the exploration areas e.g. the oil and gas needs to be further explored, andthe development direction is not clear, using an example of oil-gas explorationproject at Yuehai international cooperation zone of Bohai Bay basin, startingfrom principle of treating high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data andusing fine seismic data of high fidelity treatment, based on the fully analyzedexploration results at the area and combined with comprehensive results of welllogging etc., according to the reservoir forming rule of lithological oil-gasreservoir, special technical method on seismic data is studied in the applicationsof fine explaining structure, partition and contrast of stratums, distributionrule of reservoir beds, identification and evaluation of geologic anomalousbodies and predicting oil-gas distribution zones. As a result, a good result isobtained and can provide a favorable technical support for predicting thereservoir beds and the oil-gas resources.
New results in this research project are: (1) Treatment technique for waveletshaping is used for two different earthquake focus data of air gun and explosive.Meanwhile using treatment technique of wavelet shaping for two differentearthquake focuses of air gun and explosive, combined predicted deconvolutionprocess is re-designed, making section signal-to-noise temperate, train featureof waves clear, frequency develop accordingly, polygenous wave between stratumssuppress effectively. (2) Advisable semi-deep profile frequency is correctlyselected. It is suggested that the vertical resolution is not advisable to beover pursued during data treatment for exploration zones whose undergroundstructure is complex, reflective energy of semideep stratum is not strong,frequency and signal-to-noise is low, or the signal-to-noise and horizontalresolution may be affected. (3) Corresponding noise removal in this area iscreatively used. Not only the noise is suppressed, but also the effectiveinformation is protected. Especially, using protection of low-frequencyeffective signal ensures the imaging of semi-deep stratum. Although selectingnoise removal before lapping increases the complex degree of data treatment, theeffective information is effectively protected and the high fidelity of seismic
data treatment is realizedatthesametimeof removing wavenoiseinmulti-times.(4)Incomprehensive explanation for data,methods of variable speed drawing, inversion of earthquake property andearthquake and etc. are successfully used for providing a reliable basis of hiddenoil-gas reservoir exploration. Relatively high signal-to-noise of seismic datais an effective basis of using comprehensive exploration'methods to find thelithological oil-gas reservoir. If the adopted excursion, noise removal anddeep-zone frequency are used unsuitably, the data of temperate frequency, goodcontinuity and high signal-to-noise may easily make breakpoint fuzzy, contactrelation of horizons not clear, which may directly affect the application resultsof exploration technique methods for hidden oil-gas reservoir of seismic phasepartition, seismic property analysis, three-dimensional visualization, seismicinversion, etc.
引文
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