伊通地堑岔路河断陷古近系层序地层学研究及非构造圈闭预测
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摘要
岔路河断陷地处吉林省中部,是伊通地堑最大的一级构造单元,面积约1350km~2,呈北东向展布。
本文以层序地层学和现代沉积学为理论指导,充分应用地球物理、钻井岩芯、测井以及测试分析资料,总结了研究区沉积体系、层序界面的识别标志和层序地层单元的划分标准,建立了细分等时地层格架,将研究区古近系划分为1个巨层序、6个超层序、12个三级层序和36个体系域,并厘定了层序地层界面与传统分层界面的对应关系。其中,层序01相当于双一段,层序02相当于双二段,层序1相当于双三段,层序2相当于奢一段,层序3相当于奢二段,层序4相当于永一段,层序5相当于永二段,层序6相当于永三段,层序7相当于永四段,层序8相当于万一段,层序9相当于万二段,层序10相当于万三段。由层序01—02组成超层序1,由层序1—3组成的超层2,由层序4—6组成的超层序3,由层序7组成的超层序4,由层序8—10组成的超层序5,由层序10以上齐家组地层组成的超层序6。
在盆地不同演化阶段、不同构造背景和不同沉积物供给条件下,研究区发育8种层序结构样式:浅水湖泊背景Ⅰ型层序、辫状三角洲背景Ⅰ型层序、扇三角洲背景Ⅰ型层序、深水湖泊背景Ⅰ型层序、冲积背景Ⅰ型层序、含煤Ⅰ型层序、河流背景Ⅰ型层序、有堤水道背景Ⅰ型层序;以及梁家地区断阶式坡折型、万昌地区调节沉积坡折型、波太地区深水斜坡坡折型三种层序发育模式。
研究区湖平面变化曲线与国际海平面升降曲线相似,但最大洪泛时间比海相迟滞;湖平面变化曲线与碳氧同位素同位素变化曲线基本吻合,反映了研究区三级层序受控于湖平面变化。
经过10个层序的低水位体系域和高水位体系域共20个等时单元的沉积体系平面展布、结合层序与含油气层的关系统计分析表明:层序4、5、6为最有利的含油气层序,低水位体系域是非构造圈闭的富集场所;低水位期形成的下切谷、低水位楔、低水位扇,以及水进、高水位期形成的浊积扇、扇三角洲等体系,可以构成岩性油气藏、上倾尖灭型油气藏、断层一半背斜油气藏、不整合遮挡油气藏或复合圈闭型油气藏。
研究区梁家地区断阶式坡折、万昌地区调节沉积坡折、波太地区深水斜坡坡折对沉积砂体与圈闭具有重要的控制作用,万昌围斜区、梁家二阶坡折控制的低水位体系域发育区和北向—北北东向物源形成的浊积扇区、波太凹陷斜坡带是非构造圈闭形成的有利场所。
Chaluhe fault Depression located in the middle of Jilin province, with an area of 1350km~2, is the largest structural unit of Yitong Fault Trough, extends northeast.Guided by sequence stratigraphy and modern sedimentology, efficiently utilizing geophysical data, drill core, well log, test and analysis data, this paper summarizes depositional systems, recognition marks of stratic surface and partition standards of sequence stratigraphic unit, sets up equivalent time micro-strata framework, divide the paleogene of the study area into 1 megasequence, 6 supersequence, 12 third-order sequence, and 36 tracts, and assured the sequence stratigraphy interface and traditional lamination interfacial parallelism relation: sequence 01 to the first part of Shuangyang, sequence 02 to the second part of Shuangyang, sequence 1 to the third part of Shuangyang, sequence 2 to the first part of Sheling, sequence 3 to the second part of Sheling, sequence 4 to the first part of Yongji, sequence 5 to the second part of Yongji, sequence 6 to the third part of Yongji, sequence 7 to the fourth part of Yongji , sequence 8 to the first part of Wanchang, sequence 9 to the second part of Wanchang, sequence 10 to the third part of Wanchang. sequence 01-02 Constitute the first supersequence, sequence 1-3 Constitute the second supersequence, sequence 4-6 Constitute the third supersequence, sequence 4 Constitute the fourth supersequence, sequence 8-10 Constitute the fifth supersequence, Qijia strata under the sequence 10 Constitute the sixth supersequence.In different basin evolution phase, with different structural settings and different sediments supplies, study area develops eight sequence patterns: shallow lake I-sequence, braided delta I-sequences, scalloped delta I-sequence, deep lake I-sequence, alluvial I-sequence, coal-bearing I-sequence, river I-sequence, riverbank I-sequence;and Liangjia fault bench slope-break pattern, Wanchang adjusting sedimentary slope-break pattern and, Botai deep slope-break pattern.Lake surface changing curve in study area have the similar trend with that of the secondary cycle of international sea raise and fall level, but the largest flood time lags behind that of sea;lake surface changing curve is substantially coupled with that of C and O isotope, reflecting that third-order sequence is controlled by lake surface change in the study area.After extending sedimentary systems of 10 sequence of highstand systems tracts and lowstand systems tracts separately which is 20 equivalent time units, statistically analysis combining sequence stratigraphy with oil and gas bearing relationship, it shows that: sequence4,5,6 are most favorable oil and gas bearing sequence, lowstand systems tract is non-structural trap where oil and gas accumulate;incise valley shaped during low water level period, as well as turbidity fan and scalloped delta systems developed during transgression and high water level period, can form lithologic, over nipped, fault and semi anticline, unconformity screened or compound trap reservoirs.In the study area Liangjia fault bench slope-break, Wanchang adjusting sedimentary slope-break and Botai deep slope-break have great controlling affects to sedimentary sand and traps. Lowstand systems tract developed area controlled by Wanchang outskirt slope and Liangjia secondary slope-break, turbidity fans and Botai depressed slope zone whose provenance came from north and north-northeast, are favorable places for the development of non-structural traps.
本文以层序地层学和现代沉积学为理论指导,充分应用地球物理、钻井岩芯、测井以及测试分析资料,总结了研究区沉积体系、层序界面的识别标志和层序地层单元的划分标准,建立了细分等时地层格架,将研究区古近系划分为1个巨层序、6个超层序、12个三级层序和36个体系域,并厘定了层序地层界面与传统分层界面的对应关系。其中,层序01相当于双一段,层序02相当于双二段,层序1相当于双三段,层序2相当于奢一段,层序3相当于奢二段,层序4相当于永一段,层序5相当于永二段,层序6相当于永三段,层序7相当于永四段,层序8相当于万一段,层序9相当于万二段,层序10相当于万三段。由层序01—02组成超层序1,由层序1—3组成的超层2,由层序4—6组成的超层序3,由层序7组成的超层序4,由层序8—10组成的超层序5,由层序10以上齐家组地层组成的超层序6。
在盆地不同演化阶段、不同构造背景和不同沉积物供给条件下,研究区发育8种层序结构样式:浅水湖泊背景Ⅰ型层序、辫状三角洲背景Ⅰ型层序、扇三角洲背景Ⅰ型层序、深水湖泊背景Ⅰ型层序、冲积背景Ⅰ型层序、含煤Ⅰ型层序、河流背景Ⅰ型层序、有堤水道背景Ⅰ型层序;以及梁家地区断阶式坡折型、万昌地区调节沉积坡折型、波太地区深水斜坡坡折型三种层序发育模式。
研究区湖平面变化曲线与国际海平面升降曲线相似,但最大洪泛时间比海相迟滞;湖平面变化曲线与碳氧同位素同位素变化曲线基本吻合,反映了研究区三级层序受控于湖平面变化。
经过10个层序的低水位体系域和高水位体系域共20个等时单元的沉积体系平面展布、结合层序与含油气层的关系统计分析表明:层序4、5、6为最有利的含油气层序,低水位体系域是非构造圈闭的富集场所;低水位期形成的下切谷、低水位楔、低水位扇,以及水进、高水位期形成的浊积扇、扇三角洲等体系,可以构成岩性油气藏、上倾尖灭型油气藏、断层一半背斜油气藏、不整合遮挡油气藏或复合圈闭型油气藏。
研究区梁家地区断阶式坡折、万昌地区调节沉积坡折、波太地区深水斜坡坡折对沉积砂体与圈闭具有重要的控制作用,万昌围斜区、梁家二阶坡折控制的低水位体系域发育区和北向—北北东向物源形成的浊积扇区、波太凹陷斜坡带是非构造圈闭形成的有利场所。
Chaluhe fault Depression located in the middle of Jilin province, with an area of 1350km~2, is the largest structural unit of Yitong Fault Trough, extends northeast.Guided by sequence stratigraphy and modern sedimentology, efficiently utilizing geophysical data, drill core, well log, test and analysis data, this paper summarizes depositional systems, recognition marks of stratic surface and partition standards of sequence stratigraphic unit, sets up equivalent time micro-strata framework, divide the paleogene of the study area into 1 megasequence, 6 supersequence, 12 third-order sequence, and 36 tracts, and assured the sequence stratigraphy interface and traditional lamination interfacial parallelism relation: sequence 01 to the first part of Shuangyang, sequence 02 to the second part of Shuangyang, sequence 1 to the third part of Shuangyang, sequence 2 to the first part of Sheling, sequence 3 to the second part of Sheling, sequence 4 to the first part of Yongji, sequence 5 to the second part of Yongji, sequence 6 to the third part of Yongji, sequence 7 to the fourth part of Yongji , sequence 8 to the first part of Wanchang, sequence 9 to the second part of Wanchang, sequence 10 to the third part of Wanchang. sequence 01-02 Constitute the first supersequence, sequence 1-3 Constitute the second supersequence, sequence 4-6 Constitute the third supersequence, sequence 4 Constitute the fourth supersequence, sequence 8-10 Constitute the fifth supersequence, Qijia strata under the sequence 10 Constitute the sixth supersequence.In different basin evolution phase, with different structural settings and different sediments supplies, study area develops eight sequence patterns: shallow lake I-sequence, braided delta I-sequences, scalloped delta I-sequence, deep lake I-sequence, alluvial I-sequence, coal-bearing I-sequence, river I-sequence, riverbank I-sequence;and Liangjia fault bench slope-break pattern, Wanchang adjusting sedimentary slope-break pattern and, Botai deep slope-break pattern.Lake surface changing curve in study area have the similar trend with that of the secondary cycle of international sea raise and fall level, but the largest flood time lags behind that of sea;lake surface changing curve is substantially coupled with that of C and O isotope, reflecting that third-order sequence is controlled by lake surface change in the study area.After extending sedimentary systems of 10 sequence of highstand systems tracts and lowstand systems tracts separately which is 20 equivalent time units, statistically analysis combining sequence stratigraphy with oil and gas bearing relationship, it shows that: sequence4,5,6 are most favorable oil and gas bearing sequence, lowstand systems tract is non-structural trap where oil and gas accumulate;incise valley shaped during low water level period, as well as turbidity fan and scalloped delta systems developed during transgression and high water level period, can form lithologic, over nipped, fault and semi anticline, unconformity screened or compound trap reservoirs.In the study area Liangjia fault bench slope-break, Wanchang adjusting sedimentary slope-break and Botai deep slope-break have great controlling affects to sedimentary sand and traps. Lowstand systems tract developed area controlled by Wanchang outskirt slope and Liangjia secondary slope-break, turbidity fans and Botai depressed slope zone whose provenance came from north and north-northeast, are favorable places for the development of non-structural traps.
引文
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