构菌，海漆和蒙桑化学成分及生物活性研究
摘要
构菌Flammulina velutipes(W.Curt.:Fr.)Singer，又名金针菇、朴菇、冬菇，属伞菌目Agaricales，口蘑科Tricholomataceae，小火焰属Flammulina真菌。构菌是药食两用菌，子实体和菌丝体均可入药，其中含有的蛋白和多糖类成分一般都有较好的生物学活性，如抗肿瘤，降低血清胆固醇，降压，提高机体免疫力等。本所药理室筛选表明：构菌深层发酵菌丝体70％乙醇提取物对东莨菪碱造成的小鼠学习记忆障碍有明显的改善作用；其正丁醇萃取部分对乙醇引起的记忆再现障碍小鼠有一定的改善作用。
海漆Excoecaria agallocha，为大戟科Euphorbiaceae，海漆属Excoecaria植物，该属植物多为灌木或乔木，全世界约40余种，分布于亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的热带地区，我国产6种。海漆树皮中的汁液有皮肤刺激作用，其树干在泰国被用做治疗胃肠涨气的传统药。海漆属植物化学成分以二萜类成分为主，生物活性集中在抗肿瘤和抗病毒。
蒙桑Morus mongolica，为桑科Moraceae，桑属Morus植物，该属植物全世界约有16种，我国有11种，全国各地均有分布。蒙桑同属植物桑M．alba为一常用中药，其各部位均可入药，其中桑的根皮—桑白皮，为泻肺平喘，利水消肿的常用药。桑属植物化学成分及生物活性都较为丰富：脂溶性部分以酚性化合物为主，活性主要集中在抗高血压，抗病毒，抗菌及真菌，抗氧化，抗炎，抗肿瘤等：水溶性部分以多羟基生物碱和氨基酸为主，多羟基生物碱的活性主要为降血糖。
本论文运用色谱和波谱技术并结合化学方法，对上述1种药用真菌及2种植物进行了系统的化学成分研究，并对其进行了粗提物及单体成分药理活性筛选。
从构菌F.velutipes(W.Curt.:Fr.)Singer深层发酵菌丝体70％乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部分中得到24个化合物，分别为：5个麦角甾烷类化合物：麦角甾醇(1)，麦角甾-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)，麦角甾-7，22-双烯-5，6-环氧-3-醇(3)，麦角甾-4，6，8(14)，22-四烯-3-酮(4)，麦角甾-5α，8α-环氧-6，22-双烯-3β-醇(5)：2个豆甾烷类化合物：5α-豆甾-3，6-双酮(6)，豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(7)；2个黄酮类化合物：染料木素(8)，大豆异黄酮(9)：3个环二肽类化合物：环-(S-脯氨酸-R-
The fungus of Flammulina velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer belongs to the genus Flammulina of Tricholomataceae of Agaricales. The mycelia or fruiting body of F. velutipes (W.Curt.Fr.) Singer can be used as food or drug. The polysaccharides and amino acids isolated from F. velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer were shown to be efficacious for anticancer, antihypercholesterin, and antihypertension, and can build the body by advancing the ability of immunity. The result of bioassay displayed 70 % alcohol extract of the mycelia of submerged fermented culture of F. velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer can significantly improve the leaning and memory ability of impaired mice induced by scopolamine and its n-BuOH extract can moderately improve the leaning and memory ability of impaired mice induced by EtOH.
Excoecaria agallocha belongs to the the genus Excoecaria of Euphorbiaceae. The genus Excoecaria mostly are bushes or arbores, and comprises about forty species which are distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa and Australia, six species of them in China. The latex exuded from the bark of E. agallocha may cause skin irritants, and its wood has been used as traditional medicines to treat flatulence in Thailand. The components of the genus Excoecaria are mainly diterpenoids, with anticancer and antivirus activities.
Morus mongolica belongs to the the genus Morus of Moraceae. The genus Morus comprises sixteen species and eleven in China which are distributed throughout the country. The homogenus M. alba is a traditional Chinese medicine, and its different parts have different actions on human body. For example, SangBaiPi, the root bark of M. alba, is often used as a medicine to treat asthma and edema. Many various bio-components were isolated from the genus Morus: the alcohol soluble part is mainly phenol compounds which have antihypertension, antivirus, antibacterial, antifungi, antioxidation, antiinflammation, and anticancer activities; the water soluble compounds are mostly amino acids, and polyhydroxyalkaloids which have antiglycemia activity.
海漆Excoecaria agallocha，为大戟科Euphorbiaceae，海漆属Excoecaria植物，该属植物多为灌木或乔木，全世界约40余种，分布于亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的热带地区，我国产6种。海漆树皮中的汁液有皮肤刺激作用，其树干在泰国被用做治疗胃肠涨气的传统药。海漆属植物化学成分以二萜类成分为主，生物活性集中在抗肿瘤和抗病毒。
蒙桑Morus mongolica，为桑科Moraceae，桑属Morus植物，该属植物全世界约有16种，我国有11种，全国各地均有分布。蒙桑同属植物桑M．alba为一常用中药，其各部位均可入药，其中桑的根皮—桑白皮，为泻肺平喘，利水消肿的常用药。桑属植物化学成分及生物活性都较为丰富：脂溶性部分以酚性化合物为主，活性主要集中在抗高血压，抗病毒，抗菌及真菌，抗氧化，抗炎，抗肿瘤等：水溶性部分以多羟基生物碱和氨基酸为主，多羟基生物碱的活性主要为降血糖。
本论文运用色谱和波谱技术并结合化学方法，对上述1种药用真菌及2种植物进行了系统的化学成分研究，并对其进行了粗提物及单体成分药理活性筛选。
从构菌F.velutipes(W.Curt.:Fr.)Singer深层发酵菌丝体70％乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部分中得到24个化合物，分别为：5个麦角甾烷类化合物：麦角甾醇(1)，麦角甾-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)，麦角甾-7，22-双烯-5，6-环氧-3-醇(3)，麦角甾-4，6，8(14)，22-四烯-3-酮(4)，麦角甾-5α，8α-环氧-6，22-双烯-3β-醇(5)：2个豆甾烷类化合物：5α-豆甾-3，6-双酮(6)，豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(7)；2个黄酮类化合物：染料木素(8)，大豆异黄酮(9)：3个环二肽类化合物：环-(S-脯氨酸-R-
The fungus of Flammulina velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer belongs to the genus Flammulina of Tricholomataceae of Agaricales. The mycelia or fruiting body of F. velutipes (W.Curt.Fr.) Singer can be used as food or drug. The polysaccharides and amino acids isolated from F. velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer were shown to be efficacious for anticancer, antihypercholesterin, and antihypertension, and can build the body by advancing the ability of immunity. The result of bioassay displayed 70 % alcohol extract of the mycelia of submerged fermented culture of F. velutipes (W.Curt.:Fr.) Singer can significantly improve the leaning and memory ability of impaired mice induced by scopolamine and its n-BuOH extract can moderately improve the leaning and memory ability of impaired mice induced by EtOH.
Excoecaria agallocha belongs to the the genus Excoecaria of Euphorbiaceae. The genus Excoecaria mostly are bushes or arbores, and comprises about forty species which are distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa and Australia, six species of them in China. The latex exuded from the bark of E. agallocha may cause skin irritants, and its wood has been used as traditional medicines to treat flatulence in Thailand. The components of the genus Excoecaria are mainly diterpenoids, with anticancer and antivirus activities.
Morus mongolica belongs to the the genus Morus of Moraceae. The genus Morus comprises sixteen species and eleven in China which are distributed throughout the country. The homogenus M. alba is a traditional Chinese medicine, and its different parts have different actions on human body. For example, SangBaiPi, the root bark of M. alba, is often used as a medicine to treat asthma and edema. Many various bio-components were isolated from the genus Morus: the alcohol soluble part is mainly phenol compounds which have antihypertension, antivirus, antibacterial, antifungi, antioxidation, antiinflammation, and anticancer activities; the water soluble compounds are mostly amino acids, and polyhydroxyalkaloids which have antiglycemia activity.
引文
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