用户名: 密码: 验证码:
农田水分高效利用理论与管理技术研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
农业水资源是一个相互配合、彼此依存的耦合系统。只有调节好农业水资源系统内部的土壤—水分—肥料—空气和作物生长之间的关系,使之处于最佳状态,才能最大限度地挖掘资源系统内在的潜力,充分发挥农业水资源的效益,减少外部资源的投入,获得低投入、高产出的效果,最终实现优质、高产、低耗、高效的目标。
     土壤—植物—大气连续体(Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum,简称SPAC)中水分运移、转化规律是现代节水农业研究的基本问题,它与节水灌溉技术结合起来构成节水农业系统,是实现农业高效用水调控的基本途径。通过实验研究分析田间作物水分利用受大气和土壤水分能量条件制约的诸多因素、追踪田间水分在各个子系统中的运行过程、探明其驱动因子与节制水分的机理、寻求调控过程的途径和措施,在节水农业的生产实践中具有重要的理论和实践意义,已逐渐成为水利、农业、土壤以及环境等学科共同关心的重要研究方向,越来越受到国内外学者的关注。本文通过田间及模拟试验,着重从下列几个方面,系统地开展农田水分高效利用与管理的相关应用基础和关键技术进行了较为系统深入的研究。
     提出了精确灌溉的概念,构建了精确灌溉技术体系及技术支持系统;利用遗传算法,建立了节水灌溉稻田土壤墒情预报的门限自回归确定性模型,克服了现有模型不稳定、精度较低的缺点,为灌溉预报、节水灌溉制度制定奠定了基础;开发了形成“采集—传输—处理—反馈—控制”信息网络的农田水分高效利用管理决策支持系统(FWMDSS),该系统做到了全自动采集数据、全自动决策分析、全自动调控操作,可实施科学的农田水分管理;依据信息熵原理,进行节水灌溉稻田中土壤大孔隙空间结构分布的不确定性分析,在此基础上建立的农田非饱和土壤水分特征曲线和土壤水力传导度模型模拟和预测精度均得到了显著地改善;通过田间试验,对水稻作物生长特性、产量信息的空间变异性及其相关性进行定量化分析,明确了水稻生长信息的区域化变量特征、空间结构特征以及产量形成的变异规律,为有针对性地调控生理性状进而获得水稻的高产优质提供科学依据;通过田间小区试验、网室盆栽试验以及砂培和水培模拟试验,探讨水肥耦合对水稻地上部分生长与生理性状以及水稻不同生育期根系形态与活力的影响,加深了对根系形态与活力与水肥关系的认识,为水稻生产中的水肥管理提供了理论依据。上述研究具有一定的创新性和生产指导意义。
Agricultural water resource is a coupling system that the internal moisture depends on and cooperates with each other. Only adjusting the relations between soil- water-fertilizer-atmosphere and growth of crops to the optimum state can we tap the maximum inherent potentials of the resource system, exploit the agriculture water resources fully, reduce the input of outside resources and ultimately attain the objective of high grade, high yield, low consumption and high-effect.
    The moving and transformation rule of moisture in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) is the fundamental problem of modern agriculture research. And water-saving agriculture system is combined of that and water-saving irrigation, which is the basic way to achieve regulation of high-efficiency agriculture water use.
    It is of theoretical and practical significance in the production practice of water-saving agriculture to analyze the factors of atmospheric and soil moisture energy which restrict the use of field crop-water, to trace the field water movement process in each subsystem, to prove up the driving factor and water-saving mechanism and to seek the measures to regulate the process. It has gradually become the important researching direction in subjects of water conservation, agriculture, oil and environment and receives more and more attention from the domestic and foreign scholars.
    In this paper, researches on relevant theories and technology of high-efficiency utilization and management of field water were carried out systematically and creative achievement in the field of basic theory and applied techniques were made. The chief points are as follows:
    In this paper, through field experiments and indoor simulation experiments, the application foundation and technical issues of efficient use and management of field water were carried out systematically and thoroughly. The theoretical connotation of precise irrigation was set forth and precise irrigation technique system and its supporting system were constructed. Threshold auto-regressive model based on genetic algorithm for current paddy soil moisture forecast was put forward which conquered the instability and lower precision of the existing model and laid the foundation of irrigation forecast and the water-saving irrigation system. Field water management decision support system (FWDSS) integrated with data collection-transmission-processing-engineering controls was established which made scientific water management available through automatic data collection, analysis of automatic decision-making and automatic control operation. By the information entropy principle, space uncertainty analysis of soil macropore structure in the paddy field of water-saving irrigation were carried and the simulation and forecast accuracy of soil moisture characteristic curve and the
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国水利部.全国灌溉发展“十五”计划及2010年规划[R].北京,2000.1~18
    [2] 山仑,黄占斌.节水农业[M].北京:清华大学出版社、暨南大学出版社,2000,6:27~32
    [3] 中华人民共和国水利部.2004中国水资源公报[R].北京,2005,9:1~3
    [4] 黄见良.提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1095~1103
    [5] 封志明,李飞,刘爱民,等.农业资源高效利用优化模式与技术集成[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.9:2~68
    [6] 胡和平.农业水资源的高效利用与可持续发展[J].中国农村水利水电,1999,(1):6~7
    [7] 刘昌明,王会肖等.土壤—作物—大气界面水分过程与节水调控[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,10:25~26
    [8] 李保国,龚元石,左强,等.农田土壤水的动态模型与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000,9:1~6
    [9] 由懋正,王会肖.农田土壤水资源评价[M].北京:气象出版社,1996,2:59~60
    [10] 沈振荣.水资源科学实验与研究—大气水、地表水、土壤水、地下水相互转化关系[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992,6:12~48
    [11] 段爱旺.水分利用效率的内涵及使用中需要注意的问题[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,(1):4~6
    [12] 史学斌,马孝义,聂卫波,等.地面灌溉的研究现状与发展趋势[J].水资源与水工程学报,2005,(1):34~40
    [13] 李益农,杨继富.改进地面灌溉新技术应用研究[J].节水灌溉,2002,(2).47
    [14] 彭立新,周和平,张荣,等.地面节水灌溉新技术—波涌灌综述[J].节水灌溉,2000,(6):13~14
    [15] 史学斌,马孝义,党恩魁,等.地面灌溉水流运动数值模拟研究述评[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,(6):187~192
    [16] 许迪,程先军,谢崇宝,等.田间节水灌溉新技术应用研究[J].节水灌溉,2001,(4):7~11
    [17] 杨世江.考虑生态环境效应的节水灌溉研究进展[J].中国科技信息,2006,(8):137~138
    [18] 王彦军,沈秀英,王留运.一种新型的节水灌溉技术—渗灌[J].北京水利,1996,(6):45~47
    [19] 仵峰,彭贵芳,吕谋超,等.地下滴灌条件下土壤水分运动模型[J].灌溉排水,1996,(3):24~29
    [20] 杨沫.不同秧龄和密度条件下水稻生长特性及产量结构研究[D].吉林农业大学,2006
    [21] 李华.调亏灌溉对水稻生长及产量形成的影响[D].扬州大学,2005
    [22] 王志琴,杨建昌,丁志家,等.早育秧水稻不同生育期灌溉指标的研究[J].江苏农业研究,1999,(3):33~36
    [23] 欧阳由男,金千瑜,陈进红,等.我国西部地区节水型稻作的问题与对策[J].灌溉排水学报,2004.(2):34~37
    [24] 张涛.淮安稻麦生产养分投入与产出及其相互关系的研究[D].南京农业大学,2004
    [25] 张洪程.蒋巷千亩连片水稻超高产栽培实践与技术分析[J].江苏农业科学,2005,(3):20~22
    [26] Belford R.K.,B.Klepper, and R.W.Rickman.Studies of intact shoot-root systems of field grown wenter wheat, root and shoot development patterns as related to nitrogen fertilizer[J].Agron.J. 1987,79:310~319.
    [27] Begg J.E.,Turner N.C.Corp water dificits[J].Adv.Agrion., 1976,(28): 161~218.
    [28] Bhan S.,Misra F.K. Effects of variety, spacing and siol fertility on root development in groundnut under arid conditions[J].Indian J.Agric.Sci., 1970,(40): 1050~1055.
    [29] Gan Y T ,Lafond G P, May W E. Grain yield and water use: relative performance of winter vs. spring cereals in east-central Saskatehewan[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2000,80:533~41
    [30] 杨建昌,朱庆森,王志琴,等.不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究 [J].中国农业科学.1995,29(4)58~66
    [31] 崔远来,李远华,余峰,等.水稻高效利用水肥试验研究[J].灌溉排水.2002,20(1)20~24
    [32] Terry A Howell. Enhangeing water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture [J].Agronomy Journal, 2001, 93:281~289
    [33] Sylvain Pellerin, Alain Mollier, Daniel Plenet.Phosphorus Deficiency affects the rate of emergence and number of maize adventitious nodal roots[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92:690~697
    [34] 张坚强,刘作新.化学制剂在节水农业中的应用效果[J].灌溉排水,2001,(3):73~75
    [35] 何俊仕,曹丽娜,逢立辉,等.现代农业节水技术[J].节水灌溉,2005,(4):36~39
    [36] 王同朝,卫丽,郭红艳.农田化学介质覆盖节水技术研究应用进展[J].中国农学通报,2003,(6):
    [37] 胡德宝.水稻灌溉制度与水利用率[J].黑龙江水利科技,2006,(5):37
    [38] 崔远来,袁宏源,李远华。考虑随机降雨时稻田高效节水灌溉制度[J].水利学报,1999,(7):40~45
    [39] 宋朝红,崔远来,罗强.基于遗传算法的非充分灌溉下最优灌溉制度设计[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,(6):45~48
    [40] 尚松浩.作物非充分灌溉制度的模拟优化方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(9):1179~1183
    [41] 李保国,龚元石,左强.农田土壤水的动态模型及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:3
    [42] 邹春辉,陈怀亮,薛龙琴,等.基于遥感与GIS集成的土壤墒情监测服务系统[J].气象科成果技,2005,(1):161~165
    [43] 乌日娜,李兴华,韩芳。等.遥感技术在土壤墒情监测中的应用[J].内蒙古气象,2006,(2):29~30
    [44] P. Droogers. Estimating actual evapotranspiration using a detailed agro- hydrological model[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2000. 229(1、2): 50~58
    [45] H. O. Farah, W. G. M. Bastinnssen.Impact of spatial variations of land surface parameters on regional evaporation: a ease study with remote sensing data[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2001.15: 1587~1607
    [46] G. Kite.Using a basin-scale hydrological model to estimate .crop transpiration and soil evaporation[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2000. 229:59~69
    [47] G. Kite and P. Droogers. Comparing evapotranspiration estimates from satellites, hydrological models and field data[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2000. 229 (1、2): 1~2
    [48] Roberto Lenton.21世纪的灌溉管理战略[J].灌溉排水,1994,13(4):44~47
    [49] 吴景新,李成秀.国内外灌溉水管理现状与发展[J].灌溉排水,1994,13(4):15~18
    [50] 许志方.21世纪的水管理[J].农田水利与小水电,1994,(1):1~3
    [51] 周军.VP-Expert专家系统开发工具在节水灌溉土壤水分调控中的应用[J].农业工程学报,1992,8(4):116~118
    [52] 熊范纶主编.农业专家系统及开发工具[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.128~139
    [53] 顾世祥,袁宏源,李远华.决策支持系统及其在灌溉实时调度中的应用[J].中国农村水利水电,1998,(8):17~20
    [54] 刘根源.GPS节水灌溉系统的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(2(:24~27
    [55] 周明耀,蔡勇,顾鹤鸣,等。农田水分管理决策支持系统研究[J].扬州大学学报,2000,3(4):50~54
    [56] 杨诗秀,雷志栋.关于建立田间墒情监测网信息系统的探讨[J].农业工程学报,1996,(2):17~22
    [57] 汪懋华.“精细农作”技术发展与农业装备技术创新系列讲座[J].农业机械,1999,(2):12~13
    [58] 康绍忠,许迪,李万红,等.关于西北早区农业与生态节水基本理论和关键技术研究领域若干问题的 思考[J].中国科学基金,2002,16(5):274~278
    [59] 康绍忠,蔡焕杰,冯绍元.现代农业与生态节水的技术创新与未来研究重点[J].农业工程学报,2004.(1):1~6
    [60] 许迪.灌溉水文学尺度转换问题研究综述[J].水利学报,2006,(2):141~149
    [61] 纪瑞鹏,班显秀,张淑杰,等。基于遥感的农田土壤含水量面预报方法研究[A].中国气象学会2006年年会“卫星遥感技术进展及应用”分会场论文集,2006,
    [62] 裘正军.基于GPS、GIS及虚拟仪器的精细农业信息采集与处理技术的研究[D].浙江大学,2003
    [63] 刘大江,封金祥.精准灌溉及其前景分析[J].节水灌溉,2006,(1):43~44
    [64] 王炳亮,田军仓.GIS在精准灌溉中的应用研究进展[J].宁夏农学院学报,2002.(4):71~74
    [65] 康绍忠,许迪.我国现代农业节水高新技术发展战略的思考[J].中国农村水利水电,2001,(10):25~29
    [66] 匡成荣,沈波,洪宝鑫等.稻田土壤水分与浅层地下水埋深关系的研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2001(5):22~23
    [67] 闻新,周露.王丹力,等.MATLAB神经网络应用设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
    [68] 丛爽.面向MATLAB工具箱的神经网络理论与应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1998
    [69] 向小东.基于神经网络与混沌理论的非线性时间序列预测研究.[D].西南交通大学.2001.12:1~20
    [70] 金菊良,杨晓华.丁晶.标准遗传算法的改进方案—加速遗传算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(4):8~13,
    [71] 陈兵旗,孙明.Visual C~(++)使用图像处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,3
    [72] 秦耀东.土壤空间变异研究中的定量分析.地球科学进展,1992,7(1):44~49
    [73] Zhou Mingyao. Artificial Neural Network Model for Soil Moisture Forecast in Deficit Irrigation Rice Field[M]. Proceedings of 2004CIGR international conference, 2004.10:96~100
    [74] 侯景儒,尹镇南,李维明,等.实用地质统计学[M].北京:地质出版社,1998,42~69
    [75] 周明耀,张凤翔.朱新开,等。小麦水肥耦合效应研究现状与展望[J].灌溉排水学报,2005.(6B):9~12
    [76] 张伟.农业发展的新课题—精确农业[J].农业工程学报,1997,(3):249~252
    [77] 周明耀,邵孝侯.精确灌溉技术体系研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(2):35~37
    [78] 周明耀.精确灌溉技术支持系统研究[J].江苏农业研究,2001(4):70~73
    [79] Usery E L, Spoeknee B B. Precision farming data management using geographic information systems [J].Photogrammetric Engin and Remote Sensing, 1995.61 (11 ): 1383~1391
    [80] Leone A,Preti F, Ripa M N. Field scale and Basin scale monitoring of diffused agriculture nutrients sources[M]. Proceedings of international Agric Engin Conference, 2000, 44~48
    [81] 周明耀,蔡勇,顾鹤鸣,等.农田水分管理决策支持系统研究[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版).2000.3(4):44~48
    [82] Zhou Mingyao. The specific irrigation and agriculture sustainable development[J].Proceedings of international Conference on Agricultural Science Technology, 2001, Bejing, China, 362~366
    [83] 韩承荣.中国水利百科全书[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1991:1470
    [84] 杨诗秀,雷志栋,吴婉如等.农田尺度土壤水分的监测[J].水科学进展,1996,7(1):14~19
    [85] 陈红卫.南方地区非充分灌溉稻田土壤墒情预报模型研究[D].扬州大学,2004
    [86] 蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系[J].华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003(3):1~4
    [87] 陈红卫,周明耀,瞿益民,等.南方地区非充分灌溉稻田墒情预报的经验模型[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,(3B).33~34
    [88] 程殿龙,马宏志,许晓春.神经网络方法在土壤墒情预测中的应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(7):6~8
    [89] Zhou Mingyao. Artificial Neural Network Model for Soil Moisture Forecast in Deficit Irrigation Rice Field[M]. Proceedings of 2004CIGR international conference, 2004.10: 96~100
    [90] 杨位钦,顾岚.时间序列分析与动态数据建模[M].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1986,391~411
    [91] 杨叔子,吴雅,王治藩,等.时间序列分析的工程应用(下册)[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992,48~386
    [92] 金菊良,丁晶,魏一鸣.基于遗传算法的门限白回归模型在浅层地下水位预测中的应用[J].水利学报,1999(6):51~55
    [93] 金菊良,杨晓华,丁晶.标准遗传算法的改进方案—加速遗传算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(4):8~13,
    [94] 周明耀,赵瑞龙,张凤翔,等.节水灌溉稻田土壤水分预报遗传算法[A].农业工程科技创新与建设现代农业—2005年中国农业工程学会学术年会论文集第二分册[C],2005
    [95] Zhou Mingyao. Hydrodynamic model for forecasting soil moisture content[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 54: Suppl. 1 OCT 2003:43。
    [96] 康绍忠,刘晓明,熊运章.土壤-植物-大气连续体水分传输理论及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版,1994:5~107
    [97] Chen Hongwei, Zhou Mingyao. Distribution and movement of farmland soil moisture in Southern China[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 54: Suppl. 1 OCT 2003:43。
    [98] Zhou mingyao,Technique Research of Soil Moisture Forecast in Saving Irrigation Rice Field[M]. Envirowater2006. Wageningen. Netherlands, 2006. 5:87
    [99] Gardn W R. Modeling water uptake by root[J]. Iris Sci,1991,12:109~114
    [100] Musters P A D,Bouten W. A method for identifying optimum strategies of measuring soil water contents for calibrating a root water uptake model [J]. J Hydrology,2000.227:273~286
    [101] 周明耀,陈红卫,钱晓晴.南方地区非充分灌溉稻田水稻根系吸水模型研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,(6):402~404
    [102] Luxmoore RJ, Jardine PM, Wilson GV et al. physical and chemical controls of preferred path flow through a forested hillslope. Geoderma, 1990,46:139~154
    [103] Tsuyohi Miyazaki. Preferential Flow[ J]. Water Flow in Soils,1992.134~143
    [104] Li YM and Masoud G. Preperential transport of solute through soil columns containing constructed macropores. Soil Sil Soc A m J, 1997,61:1308~1317
    [105] Germann, P.E. Kinematic wave approach to infiltration and drainage into and from soil macropores[J]. Trans. ASAE 1985,28,745~749
    [106] Germann, P.F., Beven, K.. Kinematic wave approximation to infiltration into soils with sorbing macropores[J]. Water Resour. Res. 1985,21 (7), 990~996
    [107] W A Jury. Simulation of solute transport using a transfer function model[J]. Water Resources Research. 1982,18:363~368
    [108] W A Jury, J Gruber. A stochastic analysis of the influence of soil and climatic variability on the estimate of pesticide groundwater pollution potential[J]. Water Resources Research. 1989,25(12):2465~2474
    [109] Steenhuis T S, Parlange J Y, Andreini M S. A numerical model for preferential solute movement in structured soils[J]. Geoderma, 1990,46:193-208
    [110] Ahuja, L.R., Hebson, C. Root Zone Water Quality Model. GPSR Technical Report No. 2, USDA, ARS, Fort Collins, CO ,1992
    [111] Gerke, H.H., Van Genuchten, M.Th.. A dual-porosity model for simulating the preferential movement of water and solutes in structured porous media[J]. Water Resour. Res. 1993,29, 305—319
    [112] Gerke, H.H., Van Genuchten, M.Th.. Macroscopic representation of structural geometry for simulating water and solute movement in dual-porosity media[J]. Adv. Water Resour. 1996 ,19, 343—357
    [113] Gwo, J.P., Jardine, P.M., Wilson, G.V, Yeh, G.T. .A multiple-pore-region concept to modeling mass transfer in subsurface media[J]. J. Hydrol. 1995,164,217—237
    [114] Ross, P.J., Smettem, K.R.. A simple treatment of physical nonequilibrium water flow in soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2000,64,1926-1930
    [115] Murphy CP, Banfield CF. Pore space variability in a subsurface horizon of tow soils. J Soil Sci, 1978, 29:156-166
    
    [116] Gaiser RN. Root channels and roots in forest soils. Soil Sci Soc A m Proc, 1952,16(1):62—65
    [117] Bouma J, Wosten JHM. Characterizing ponded infiltration in a dry cracked clay soil. J Hydrol, 1984, 69:297-304
    [118] Smettem KRJ, Collis-Gerrge N. Statistical characterization of soil biopores using a soil peel method. Geoderma, 1985,36:27—36
    [119] Jun Lu.,Taiichiro Ookawa.The effect of irrigation regimes on the water use, dry matter production and physiological responses of paddy rice[J]. Plant and soil,2000,223:207—216
    [120] Masoud Ghodrati,Michael Chendorain, Y. Jason Chang. Characterization of Macropore Flow Mechanisms in Soil by Means of a Split Macropore Column[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1999,63:1093—1101
    [121] Silva R G, K. C Cameron,H J Di,N P Simth.Effect of macropore flow on the transport of surface-applied cow urine though a soil profile[J].Aust.J.Soi!.Res.,2000,38,13—23
    [122] Edwards, W M Shipitalo,M J Dick.Rainfall intensity affects transport of water and chemicals through macropores in no-till soil[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1992,56:52—58
    [123] Vermeul V R ,Istok J D, Flint A L, et al. An improved method for quantifying soil macroporosity[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1993,57:809-816
    [124] Edwards W M, Norton L D, Redmond C E. Characterizing macropores that affect infiltration into nontilled soil[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1988,52(2):483—487
    [125] Omoti U, Wild A, Use of fluorescent dyes to mark the pathways of solute movement through soils under leaching condition, 2. Field experiment[J]. So/7 Sci ,1978,128:98—104
    [126] Warner G S, Nieber J L, Moore I D, et al. Characterizing macropores in soil by computed tomography [J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1989,53:653—660
    [127] Peyton R L, Gantzer C J, Anderson S H, et al. Fractal dimension to describe soil macropore structure using X-ray computed to tomography [J]. Water Resour Res, 1994,30:691—700
    
    [128] Bouldin J D, Freeland R S , Yoder R E , et al. Nonintrusive mapping of preferential water flow paths in West Tennessee using ground penetrating radar[A]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh TN Water Resources Symposium[C]. Nashville, TN, 1997.24-29
    [129] Radulovich R, Solorzano E, Sollins P. Soil macropore size distribution from water breakthrough curves[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1989,53; 556-559
    
    [130] Watson K. M, Luxmoore R J. Estimating macroporosity in a forest watershed by use of a tension infiltrometer[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J,1986,50(3):578~582
    [131] Hutson, J.L., Wagenet, R.J. A multiregion model describing water flow and solute transport in heterogeneous soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1995,59, 743~751
    [132] 秦耀东,胡克林.大孔隙对农田耕作层饱和导水率的影响[J].水科学进展,1998,9(2):107~111
    [133] 冯杰,郝振纯,刘方贵.大孔隙对土壤水分特征曲线的影响[J].灌溉排水,2002,21(3):4~7
    [134] 张建丰,林性粹,王文焰.黄土的大孔隙特征和大孔隙流研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(4):168~171
    [135] 周明耀,余长洪,钱晓晴.基于孔隙分形维数的土壤大孔隙流水力特征参数研究[A].农业工程科技创新与建设现代农业—2005年中国农业工程学会学术年会论文集第二分册[C],2005
    [136] 周明耀,余长洪,钱晓晴.土壤大孔隙流研究现状与发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2007,已录用
    [137] 刘建立,徐绍辉.根据颗粒大小分布估计土壤水分特征曲线:分形模型的应用[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):46~51
    [138] 李德成,Velde B,张桃林.利用土壤切片的数字图像定量评价土壤孔隙变异度和复杂度[J].土壤学报,2003,40(5):678~682
    [139] Tyler S W, Wheatcraft S W. Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions: analysis and limitations[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1992,56:362~369
    [140] Mandelbrot B B. The fractal Geometry of Nature[M], W H Freeman, New York,1982
    [141] Tyler S W, Wheatcraft S W. Fractal. processes in soil water retention[J].Water Resour. Res. 1990,26:1047~1054
    [142] Rieu, Sposito. Fractal frogmentaion, soil porosity and soil water properties: Ⅱ .Applications[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1991,55:1239~1244
    [143] Brakensiek D L, Rawls W J, Longsdon S D. Fractal description of macroporosity[J]. Soil Sci Soc ,4 m J, 1992,56:1721~1723
    [144] Masoud Ghodrati,Michael Chendorain, Y.Jason Chang. Characterization of Macropore Flow Mechanisms in Soil by Means of a Split Maeropore Column[J]. Soil Sci Soc A m J, 1999,63:1093~1101
    [145] 程竹华,张佳宝,徐绍辉.黄淮海平原三种土壤中优势流现象的试验研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):154~161
    [146] Silva R G,K C Cameron,H J Di,N P Simth.Effect of macropore flow on the transport of surface-applied cow urine though a soil profile[J].Aust.J.Soil.Res.,2000,38,13~23
    [147] 李德成,李忠佩,Velde B等.不同年限的红壤水稻土大孔隙结构差异的图像分析[J].土壤.2002,(3):134~137
    [148] 黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤水分特征曲线的分形模拟J了].水科学进展,2002,13(1):55-60
    [149] Peyton R L, Gantzer C J, Anderson S H, Haefiner B A, Pfeifer EFractal dimension to describe soil macropore structure suing X-ray computed tomography[J]. Water Res., 1994,(30):691~700
    [150] 刘建立,徐绍辉,刘慧,等.确定田间土壤水力传导率的分形方法[J].水科学进展,2003,14(4):464~470
    [151] 周明耀,余长洪.基于孔隙分形维数的土壤大孔隙流水力特征参数研究.水科学进展,2006(4):466~470
    [152] 吴乃龙,袁素云.最大熵方法[M].长沙:湖南科技出版社,1991,58~111
    [153] Zhou Mingyao, Yu Changhong. The Research of Macropore Structure in Soil Based on Digital Image Analysis Technique. The International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR-国际农业工程学会),Bonn Germany, September,2006:93
    [154] 沈思源.土壤空间变异研究中地统计学的应用及其展望.土壤学进展,1989,17(3):11~25
    [155] 薛亚锋.土壤特性土麦类作物信息的空间变异性研究[D].扬州大学,2006
    [156] 张桃林,冯永军,李盛湖.迈向21世纪的土壤科学(综合卷).1999,10
    [157] S.R.Vieira D.Hammer and R.W.Blanchar.Microscale pH spatial distribution in the Ap horizon of Mexico silt loam1995,160(5):371~375
    [158] Yost, R.S.,G.Uehara, and R.L.Fox. 1982a.Geostatistical analysis of soil chemical properties of large land areas. I .Semi-variograms, Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J. 46:1028~1032
    [159] Samra, J.S., V.P.Singh, et al. 1988. Analysis of spatial variability in sodic soils: 2. point-and block-kriging. Soil Sci. 145:250~256
    [160] 杨诗秀等.田间土壤含水率的空间结构及取样数目确定[J].地理学报,1993,(9):448~456
    [161] 张建辉等。四川丘陵区土壤湿度的空间变异分析[J].土壤通报,1996,27(2):61~62
    [162] 蔡树英等.土壤渗透系数空间变异性的试验研究.中国农村水利水电,2002,(11):13~17
    [163] 李毅,等.膜上灌土壤水分特性空间变异性的概率统计分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),1999,3(2):143~145
    [164] 李毅,等.土壤水分空间变异性对灌溉决策的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(2):80~85
    [165] Teferi Tsegaye and Robert.Hill.Intensive tillage effects on spatial vadsbility of soil test, plant growth, and nutrient uptake measurents.SoilScience, 1998, 163(2): 155~165
    [166] 张有山等.大比例区域土壤养分空间变异定量分析[J].华北农学报,1998,13(1):122~128
    [167] 赵永存,汪景宽等.吉林公主岭土壤中砷、铬和锌含量的空间变异性及分布规律研究[J].土壤通报,2002,33(5):372~376
    [168] 杨玉玲,田长彦,盛建东等.灌淤土壤有机质、全量氮磷钾空间变异性初探[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002.20(3):26~29
    [169] 史海滨,陈亚新等.表层土壤盐分空间变异性及合理采样数与信息估计[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1996,17(4):75~81
    [170] 张展羽,詹红丽,郭相平.滨海平原农田土壤含盐量空间变异分析[J].河海大学学报,2002,30(4):61~65
    [171] 杨贵羽,陈亚新.土壤水分盐分空间变异性与合理采样数研究.干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(4):64~66
    [172] 赵成义,王玉潮,李子良等.田间尺度下土壤水分和盐分的空间变异性.干旱区研究,2003,20(4):252~256
    [173] 李为萍.向日葵株高和茎粗的空间结构性初步分析.农业工程学报,2004,20(4):30~32
    [174] Teferi Tsegaye and Robert.Hill.Intensive tillage effects on spatial variability of soil test, plant growth,and nutrient uptake measurements.Soil Science, 1998, 163:155~165
    [175] A.Srein, W.Van Doofemolen and J.Bouma.Cokdging point data on moisture deficit.Soil Sol.Sot.Am.J, 1988, 52:1418~1423
    [176] Celine Meredieu, Dominique Arrouays and Michel Goulard er al.Short range soil variability and its effect on red oak reowth. Soil Science,1996, 161(1):29~38
    [177] R.Zhang.S.Rahman and G.F.Vance et al. Geostatistical analyses of trace elements in soils and plants.Soil Science, 1995, 159(6):283~289
    [178] Sabit Ersahin.Comparing Ordinnary Kriging and Cokriging to estimate infilatration rate.Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J, 2003, 67:1848~1855
    [179] 史海滨,陈亚新,徐英等.大区域非规则采样系统ET_0最优等值线图Kriging法绘制应用.地质评论, 2000,46:337~342
    [180] T.J.Masek, J.S.Schepers er al.Use of precision farming to improve applications to feedl to increase nutrient use efficiedcy and protect water quality Soil.Sci.Plant.Anal.2001, 32(758): 1355~1369
    [181] A.Dobermann and J.L.Ping. Geostatistical integration of yield monitor data and remote sensing improves yield maps.Agronomy journal, 2004, 96:285~297
    [182] 王景雷等.基于GIS和地统计学的作物需水量等值线图.农业工程学报,2004,20(5):51~54
    [183] Bresler, E., S.Dasberg,D.Russo, et al. 1981. spatial variability of crop yield as a stochastic soil process. Soil Sei. Sco. Am. J. 45:600~605
    1184] Russo, D. 1984. Statistical analysis crop yield-soil water relationships in heterogeneous soil under trickle irrigation. Soil Sei. Soe. Am.J. 48:1402~1410
    [185] 高祥照,胡克林,李保国等.土壤养分与作物产量的空间变异特征昱精确施肥.中国农业科学,2002,35(6):660~666
    [186] 杨玉玲,田长彦,盛建东等.灌淤土壤可溶性盐分空间变异性与棉花生长关系研究[J].干旱区地理,2002,4:329~335
    [187] 杨玉玲,盛建东,田长彦等.盐化灌淤土壤速效氮、磷、钾空间变异性与棉花生长关系初步研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(5):542~547
    [188] 李为萍.土壤特性与作物信息的空间结构性及其协同关系研究[M].内蒙古农业大学.2004,
    [189] 李法虎,R.Keren,M.Benhur.暗管排水条件下土壤特性和作物产量的空间变异性分析[J].农业工程学报.2003,19(6):64~69
    [190] 薛亚锋,周明耀等.水稻叶面积指数及产量的空间结构性分析.农业工程学报,2005(8):
    [191] Van Groenigen, J.W.,M. Gandah,and J. Bouma. 2000. Soil sampling strategies for precision agriculture research under sahelian condition. Soil Sci. Soe. Am. J. 64:1674~1680
    [192] Walley, F.,T. Yates, et al. 2002. Relationships between soil nitrogen availability indices,yield,and nitrogen accumulation of wheat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66:1549~1561
    [193] 杨玉玲等.土壤空间变异研究现状及展望.干旱区研究.2001,18(2):50~55
    [194] Dirk Mallants ,Binayak P, et al. Spatial Variability of Hydraulic properties in a multi21ayered soil profile. Soil Science, 1996,161 (3): 167~181
    [195] 王仁铎,胡光道.线性地质统计学[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.
    [196] 郭旭东,傅伯杰.河北省遵化平原土壤养分的时空变异特征—变异函数与Kriging插值分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):555-566.
    [197] 彭美云.概率论与数理统计[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001,86~87
    [198] 张林青,苏祖芳,张亚洁等.水稻拔节期群体茎蘖结构与叶面积指数及产量关系的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,25(1):55~58
    [199] 周明耀,水肥耦合对水稻地上部分生长与生理性状的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006(8):38~43
    [200] 周利民等.水稻节水灌溉机理研究[J].广东水利水电,2003,(4):29~33
    [201] 嵇庆才,周明耀.水培条件下水肥耦合对水稻根系形态及其活力的影响[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2005,3(3):18~21
    [202] 张凤翔,周明耀,周春林,等.水肥耦合对水稻根系形态与活力的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006(5):43~46
    [203] 王余龙,蔡建中,何杰升,等。水稻颖花根活量与籽粒灌浆结实的关系[J].作物学报,1992,18(2):81~89
    [204] 陶龙兴,王熹,黄效林,等.水稻灌浆期间土壤含水量对根系生理活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(11):1616~1620
    [205] 林文.,李义珍,姜照伟,等.不同处理对水稻根系形态及机能的影响[J].福建稻麦科技,2000,18(4):5~7
    [206] 孙静文,陈温福,曾雅琴,等.氮素水平对粳稻根系形态及其活力的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003,34(5):344~346
    [207] 陶龙兴,王熹,黄效林,等.水稻灌浆期间土壤含水量对根系生理活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(11):1616~1620
    [208] 王余龙,姚庆友,刘宝玉,等.不同生育时期氮素供应水平对杂交水稻根系生长及其生活力的影响[J].作物学报,1997,23(6):699~705
    [209] 许志方.21世纪的水管理[J].农田水利与小水电,1994,(1):1~3
    [210] 周明耀,蔡守华,冯小忠,等.灌区灌溉用水管理决策支持系统总体设计[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2004,2(1):5~10
    [211] 夏继红,严忠民,周明耀,等.农田灌溉决策支持与控制系统的设计与应用[刀.河海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6):6~10
    [212] Zhou Mingyao,Zhang Haishu. Study on monitoring and controlling system for field irrigation automation[M]. Proceedings of International Agricultural Engineering Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 2000.12:313~320。
    [213] Zhang Haishu, Zhou Mingyao. Study on a decision support systems of irrigation water management in field[M]. Proceedings of International Agricultural Engineering Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 2000.12:307~312 。
    [214] 周明耀,蔡勇,顾鹤鸣,等.农田水分管理决策支持系统研究[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版),2000,3(4):44~48
    [215] 夏继红,严忠民,周明耀,等.农田灌溉决策支持系统的设计与实现[J].中国农村水利水电,2001(8):10~13
    [216] 夏继红,周明耀.农田灌溉决策支持系统与地理信息系统的集成化研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2002(1):13~15

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700