基于网格理论的供应链信息系统的研究
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摘要
当今世界,随着信息技术的不断发展与革新,企业已经进入了一个全球化竞争的网络经济时代。在当前的商业环境中,Internet发挥着至关重要的作用,它已成为企业之间交流与合作的基础平台,传统的供应链也已经向基于Internet的供应链发展,供应链的协同已经成为新的供应链管理战略。
20世纪90年代初,根据Internet上主机大量增加但利用率不高的状况,美国国家科学基金会(NFS)将其四个超级计算中心构筑成一个元计算机,由此诞生了网格的思想。网格被誉为“下一代的Internet”,它不是Internet和Web的替代者,而是它们的发展。网格是把整个Internet整合成一台巨大的超级计算机,实现计算资源、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源的全面共享。目前,网格的建设已经成为IT领域的热点,欧美以及中国每年在其上的投资都数以亿计。
Internet对于供应链的协同起到了重要的作用,作为其发展产物的网格也将在供应链的协同中发挥重要的作用。根据Gartner的预测,在2006年底之前网格运算对盈利企业的主要用途会是用来处理计算密集的工作负荷,例如复杂的商业和财务分析。之后,网格将会跨越企业边界支持企业之间的协作,并最终将全面支持公用计算(Utility computing)服务。网格环境下供应链的IT环境将会得到怎样发展,如何利用网格来促进供应链中的信息协调,如何在网格环境中构建供应链管理信息系统已经成为当前供应链管理领域的理论前沿课题。现有的研究尚未建立起有效的理论分析体系和可以指导供应链成员在网格环境中构建信息系统来实现协同管理的机制方法,本文将从网格的商业应用趋势、应用策略、系统模型、对供应链管理的作用的角度对基于网格的供应链信息系统的构建进行深入的研究,为供应链成员在网格环境中实施信息系统建设并利用其进行协同管理提供较好的解决方案。
本文共分为五部分,第一部分对供应链管理理论、网格理论以及网格在供应链中应用的研究现状进行了综述;第二部分分析了网格对于供应链成员之间的信息协调的影响及其发展趋势;第三部分研究了网格供应链信息系统的构建策略以及具体系统模型;第四部分研究了在网格信息系统的基础之上供应链成员之间的交互;第五部分分析了网格技术对于供应链管理以及信息协调所产生的影响。
在第一部分中指出了信息技术在提高供应链的竞争优势中起着举足轻重的作用,而网格作为信息技术不断革新的产物将会对供应链中的信息共享、信息协调产生的促进作用。接着对供应链管理、网格理论、网格在商业中应用的研究现状进行了分析,指出了当前研究存在的问题,并说明了本文的研究思路和研究意义。
在第二部分中,首先分析了供应链中各种活动的协调机制,然后着重分析了供应链中的信息协调的发展和作用,最后分析了网格将会如何影响供应链的商务环境,并且描绘了网格在商业应用中的整个发展蓝图以及当前所处的位置。
第三部分首先研究了当前网格技术最新的标准——OGSA、WSRF,这些标准是网格得以在商业环境中进行应用的关键所在,它也是本文的技术基础。在此基础之上,提出了构建基于网格的供应链信息系统的三层虚拟化策略(第4章),并依据该策略设计了基于网格供应链信息系统的模型。然后,分析了该模型中的信息基础设施、应用层的设计、安全性、QoS、可行性等问题(第5章)。
第四部分研究了在网格信息系统的基础之上供应链成员之间如何通过工作流管理对应用层的Web服务进行组合与控制,实现供应链中的业务流程,并且针对网格的特点设计了一个两层的工作流控制系统。同时,还分析了如何利用网格信息系统模型中应用层的Web服务实现企业与企业之间B2B的数据交换,并提出了基于时间Petri网的分析方法(第6章)。
第五部分分析了网格信息系统对于供应链管理中,在信息管理方面所面临的一些问题的解决所起到的作用,主要包括企业信息孤岛的整合,通过对VMI、CPFR的支持来弱化牛鞭效应,对于供应链管理以及信息系统柔性的支持等(第7章)。
最后,总结了研究工作,并且就进一步研究的方向进行了简要的论述。
Nowadays, with the development and innovation of the information technology, the enterprises have entered a globalization and network competitive economic era. The Internet plays an important role in this kind of business environment. It has become the cooperative and communicating basement between the enterprises. The traditional supply chain has switched towards the supply chain based on Internet. The cooperation of the supply chain has become the new management strategy of the supply chain.
In the 90s of 20th century, because of the trend of high rate of the increase of the hosts and relative low utility of the individual, the NFS tried to combine the four super compute center into one compute unit. As a result, the conception of Grid came to the world. Grid is regarded as the next generation of Internet. It is not the substitution of Internet and Web, but the development of them. Grid is the attempt to integrate the resource in the Internet into one huge Super Computer. Grid tries to realize the complete sharing of the computing resource, storage resource, information resource, knowledge resource and expertise resource. At present, the construct of the Grid has become the hotspot of IT area. In America, Europe and China, millions of the money is invested on this project every year.
Internet plays an important role in the cooperation of the supply chain. Grid which is the development of Internet will be supposed to play an important role in this area, too. According the prediction of Gartner, the main usage of the Grid to the enterprises is to deal with the computing-denseness work loading, such as the complicated business and financial analysis before 2006. And then, Grid will cross the boundary of the enterprises and support the cooperation between the enterprises. Finally, it will completely support the Utility Computing service. The issues such as how the supply chain will develop in the Grid environment, how to take advantage of the Grid to advance the information cooperation within the supply chain, how to design an build the SCMIS in the Grid environment has become the frontier of the research of the SCM. The existing researches have not built an efficient academic and analytical system to give the instruction to the member companies of the supply chain to help them build the information system based on Grid to realize the cooperation between them. In this paper, we will research the construction of the SCMIS based on Grid from the views such as the trend of the commercial application of the Grid, the application strategy, the model of the system and its contribution to the SCM and try to provide a better solution for the member of supply chain to help them implement the information system based on Grid.
This paper will be divided into five sections. The first section will summarize the existing researches in the theory of SCM, Grid and the application of Grid in the SCM. The second section will analyze the Grid's infection on the information coordination within the supply chain and its developing roadmap. The third section will research the strategy of constructing the Supply Chain Management Information System based on Grid and the real system model. The fourth section will study the interaction between the members of the supply chain using the information system based on Grid. The last section will analyze the Grid system's contribution to the SCM and information coordination.
In the first section, it points out that IT plays an extremely important role in the increase of the competencies of the supply chain and Grid, as the new production of the innovation of IT, will promote the ability of information sharing and coordination within the supply chain. And then, it analyzes the actuality of researches in the theory of SCM, Grid and its commercial applications and indicates the issues in the existing researches. Finally, it introduces the thought and signification of this paper.
In the second section, it first briefly analyzes the coordination mechanism in the activities of supply chain. Then, it pays much attention to the analysis of the development and contribution of information coordination. At last, it analyzes how the Grid will change the commercial environment of the supply chain and describes the blueprint of the application of Grid and its current position.
In the third section, it researches the up to date standard of Grid, such as OGSA and WSRF, which are where the shoe pinches of applying the Grid in the commercial environment and are the technical base of the whole paper. Furthermore, it brings forward the strategy of three levels virtualization of constructing the MIS based on Grid (in Chapter 4) and designs the model of the SCMIS based on Grid under the instruction of this strategy. Finally, it analyses the information infrastructure, the design of application layer, the security, Quality of Service and the feasibility of this system model (in Chapter 5).
In the fourth section, it studies how the members of supply chain communicate with each other, by using the workflow management to compose and control the Web services in the application layer of the system model, to realize the business processes in supply chain and designs a two-tier workflow system. Meanwhile, it also analyzes how to take advantage of the Web Services in the application layer of the model to realize the exchange of the information between the enterprises and brings forward an analytical method which uses the Time based Petri Net (TPN). (in Chapter 6)
In the fifth section, it analyses the contribution of the SCMIS based on Grid to the resolving of the problems in the SCM, including the support to the Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), the decrease of the Bullwhip Effects by supporting the model of VMI and CPFR, the increase of the flexibility of the supply chain management and supply chain information management system, (in Chapter 7)
At last, it concludes the whole research work and briefly discuss the orient of the latter research work.
20世纪90年代初,根据Internet上主机大量增加但利用率不高的状况,美国国家科学基金会(NFS)将其四个超级计算中心构筑成一个元计算机,由此诞生了网格的思想。网格被誉为“下一代的Internet”,它不是Internet和Web的替代者,而是它们的发展。网格是把整个Internet整合成一台巨大的超级计算机,实现计算资源、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源的全面共享。目前,网格的建设已经成为IT领域的热点,欧美以及中国每年在其上的投资都数以亿计。
Internet对于供应链的协同起到了重要的作用,作为其发展产物的网格也将在供应链的协同中发挥重要的作用。根据Gartner的预测,在2006年底之前网格运算对盈利企业的主要用途会是用来处理计算密集的工作负荷,例如复杂的商业和财务分析。之后,网格将会跨越企业边界支持企业之间的协作,并最终将全面支持公用计算(Utility computing)服务。网格环境下供应链的IT环境将会得到怎样发展,如何利用网格来促进供应链中的信息协调,如何在网格环境中构建供应链管理信息系统已经成为当前供应链管理领域的理论前沿课题。现有的研究尚未建立起有效的理论分析体系和可以指导供应链成员在网格环境中构建信息系统来实现协同管理的机制方法,本文将从网格的商业应用趋势、应用策略、系统模型、对供应链管理的作用的角度对基于网格的供应链信息系统的构建进行深入的研究,为供应链成员在网格环境中实施信息系统建设并利用其进行协同管理提供较好的解决方案。
本文共分为五部分,第一部分对供应链管理理论、网格理论以及网格在供应链中应用的研究现状进行了综述;第二部分分析了网格对于供应链成员之间的信息协调的影响及其发展趋势;第三部分研究了网格供应链信息系统的构建策略以及具体系统模型;第四部分研究了在网格信息系统的基础之上供应链成员之间的交互;第五部分分析了网格技术对于供应链管理以及信息协调所产生的影响。
在第一部分中指出了信息技术在提高供应链的竞争优势中起着举足轻重的作用,而网格作为信息技术不断革新的产物将会对供应链中的信息共享、信息协调产生的促进作用。接着对供应链管理、网格理论、网格在商业中应用的研究现状进行了分析,指出了当前研究存在的问题,并说明了本文的研究思路和研究意义。
在第二部分中,首先分析了供应链中各种活动的协调机制,然后着重分析了供应链中的信息协调的发展和作用,最后分析了网格将会如何影响供应链的商务环境,并且描绘了网格在商业应用中的整个发展蓝图以及当前所处的位置。
第三部分首先研究了当前网格技术最新的标准——OGSA、WSRF,这些标准是网格得以在商业环境中进行应用的关键所在,它也是本文的技术基础。在此基础之上,提出了构建基于网格的供应链信息系统的三层虚拟化策略(第4章),并依据该策略设计了基于网格供应链信息系统的模型。然后,分析了该模型中的信息基础设施、应用层的设计、安全性、QoS、可行性等问题(第5章)。
第四部分研究了在网格信息系统的基础之上供应链成员之间如何通过工作流管理对应用层的Web服务进行组合与控制,实现供应链中的业务流程,并且针对网格的特点设计了一个两层的工作流控制系统。同时,还分析了如何利用网格信息系统模型中应用层的Web服务实现企业与企业之间B2B的数据交换,并提出了基于时间Petri网的分析方法(第6章)。
第五部分分析了网格信息系统对于供应链管理中,在信息管理方面所面临的一些问题的解决所起到的作用,主要包括企业信息孤岛的整合,通过对VMI、CPFR的支持来弱化牛鞭效应,对于供应链管理以及信息系统柔性的支持等(第7章)。
最后,总结了研究工作,并且就进一步研究的方向进行了简要的论述。
Nowadays, with the development and innovation of the information technology, the enterprises have entered a globalization and network competitive economic era. The Internet plays an important role in this kind of business environment. It has become the cooperative and communicating basement between the enterprises. The traditional supply chain has switched towards the supply chain based on Internet. The cooperation of the supply chain has become the new management strategy of the supply chain.
In the 90s of 20th century, because of the trend of high rate of the increase of the hosts and relative low utility of the individual, the NFS tried to combine the four super compute center into one compute unit. As a result, the conception of Grid came to the world. Grid is regarded as the next generation of Internet. It is not the substitution of Internet and Web, but the development of them. Grid is the attempt to integrate the resource in the Internet into one huge Super Computer. Grid tries to realize the complete sharing of the computing resource, storage resource, information resource, knowledge resource and expertise resource. At present, the construct of the Grid has become the hotspot of IT area. In America, Europe and China, millions of the money is invested on this project every year.
Internet plays an important role in the cooperation of the supply chain. Grid which is the development of Internet will be supposed to play an important role in this area, too. According the prediction of Gartner, the main usage of the Grid to the enterprises is to deal with the computing-denseness work loading, such as the complicated business and financial analysis before 2006. And then, Grid will cross the boundary of the enterprises and support the cooperation between the enterprises. Finally, it will completely support the Utility Computing service. The issues such as how the supply chain will develop in the Grid environment, how to take advantage of the Grid to advance the information cooperation within the supply chain, how to design an build the SCMIS in the Grid environment has become the frontier of the research of the SCM. The existing researches have not built an efficient academic and analytical system to give the instruction to the member companies of the supply chain to help them build the information system based on Grid to realize the cooperation between them. In this paper, we will research the construction of the SCMIS based on Grid from the views such as the trend of the commercial application of the Grid, the application strategy, the model of the system and its contribution to the SCM and try to provide a better solution for the member of supply chain to help them implement the information system based on Grid.
This paper will be divided into five sections. The first section will summarize the existing researches in the theory of SCM, Grid and the application of Grid in the SCM. The second section will analyze the Grid's infection on the information coordination within the supply chain and its developing roadmap. The third section will research the strategy of constructing the Supply Chain Management Information System based on Grid and the real system model. The fourth section will study the interaction between the members of the supply chain using the information system based on Grid. The last section will analyze the Grid system's contribution to the SCM and information coordination.
In the first section, it points out that IT plays an extremely important role in the increase of the competencies of the supply chain and Grid, as the new production of the innovation of IT, will promote the ability of information sharing and coordination within the supply chain. And then, it analyzes the actuality of researches in the theory of SCM, Grid and its commercial applications and indicates the issues in the existing researches. Finally, it introduces the thought and signification of this paper.
In the second section, it first briefly analyzes the coordination mechanism in the activities of supply chain. Then, it pays much attention to the analysis of the development and contribution of information coordination. At last, it analyzes how the Grid will change the commercial environment of the supply chain and describes the blueprint of the application of Grid and its current position.
In the third section, it researches the up to date standard of Grid, such as OGSA and WSRF, which are where the shoe pinches of applying the Grid in the commercial environment and are the technical base of the whole paper. Furthermore, it brings forward the strategy of three levels virtualization of constructing the MIS based on Grid (in Chapter 4) and designs the model of the SCMIS based on Grid under the instruction of this strategy. Finally, it analyses the information infrastructure, the design of application layer, the security, Quality of Service and the feasibility of this system model (in Chapter 5).
In the fourth section, it studies how the members of supply chain communicate with each other, by using the workflow management to compose and control the Web services in the application layer of the system model, to realize the business processes in supply chain and designs a two-tier workflow system. Meanwhile, it also analyzes how to take advantage of the Web Services in the application layer of the model to realize the exchange of the information between the enterprises and brings forward an analytical method which uses the Time based Petri Net (TPN). (in Chapter 6)
In the fifth section, it analyses the contribution of the SCMIS based on Grid to the resolving of the problems in the SCM, including the support to the Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), the decrease of the Bullwhip Effects by supporting the model of VMI and CPFR, the increase of the flexibility of the supply chain management and supply chain information management system, (in Chapter 7)
At last, it concludes the whole research work and briefly discuss the orient of the latter research work.
引文
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