长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架动态特性及轻量化研究
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摘要
具备安全舒适、绿色环保、噪声和污染小等性能的磁浮列车,是人类地面客运交通运输现代化的重要标志。而中低速磁浮列车更以其低噪声、低能耗、线路适应性强及线路成本低等优点成为城市内部有竞争力的新型公共交通工具。
悬浮架是磁浮列车重要的工作部件,运行工况复杂,既是整个列车的承载平台,又是列车牵引和转向的工作平台,其动态特性和结构可靠性对车辆有直接影响,有必要对其动态特性进行研究。同时,磁浮列车为电磁悬浮,对其自重有严格要求,为增大载重及提高列车运行可靠性,在进行结构有限元分析的基础上,对其开展轻量化研究具有重要意义。本文以西南交通大学长定子中低速同步驱动磁浮列车悬浮架为原型,开展了悬浮架动力学建模、仿真和轻量化研究工作。主要研究内容如下所示：
(1)建立了包括沉浮、点头、侧滚振动方向的悬浮架动力学数学模型,采用Newmark显示积分法编制了动力学仿真程序,开展了悬浮架系统动力学仿真分析。重点对磁隙、抗侧滚悬挂参数变化时悬浮架的输出响应进行了分析比较,并对线路不平顺对悬浮架动态响应的影响进行了研究,探索了合理的悬挂参数取值范围。
(2)分析了西南交通大学长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架的稳态响应特性,分析结果表明悬浮架动态输出响应平稳。同时,研究了悬浮架结构解耦时左右模块之间弹性悬挂约束的影响,为悬浮架抗侧滚悬挂参数优化提供参考。
(3)结合长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架装配实体模型和Workbench有限元分析软件,对四种运行工况下的悬浮架进行了静力学分析。并且,基于最危险工况对悬浮架进行了模态分析和谐响应分析。分析结果表明悬浮架的刚度和强度满足列车承载要求,振动频率处于安全区间。
(4)基于灵敏度分析确定了悬浮架合理的优化设计变量,建立了以悬浮架结构重量最轻为目标的优化数学模型,在保证强度、刚度和一阶模态固有频率前提下,实现了悬浮架的轻量化设计。
综上所述,本文对长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架垂向动力学和轻量化设计进行了理论分析和仿真研究,其研究结果对悬浮架结构改进和悬挂参数选取具有参考价值,对提高车辆的运行平稳性和可靠性具有重要意义。
As a safe and comfortable, green, less noisy and pollutive traffic mode, magnetic levita-tion vehicles has become the important modern symbol of the human ground passenger transport. Furthermore, the middle-low speed maglev vehiele with the advantage of low noise, low power, good line adaptability and low cost, has become a new competitive public transport on the interior of city.
The levitation chassis is one important part of mgalev train with complex working con-ditions. It is the carrying platform of the maglev train, but also the working platform of traction and steering. Its attributes also affect the dynamic performance and structural relia-bility of the whole tarin directly. It is neeessary to Research the dynamic characteristics of levitation chassis. At the same time, the suspension mode of maglev train is the electro-magnetic levitation, and maglev train has the stringent requirements on its own weight. In order to increase the load and improve the reliability of train operation, there is important significance to do the structural optimization job on the basis of its structure finite element analysis. Based on the long stator middle and low speed maglev vehicle of Southwest Jiao-tong University, the dissertation carried out the research on modeling, simulation and lightweight analysis of levitation chassis system dynamics, the detailed research works and main results were as follows.
(1) Based on bouncing, pitching and rolling directions of vibration, the vertical dynam-ics model of levitation chassis was established, and the equations of motion of the model were derived. A simulation program using a Newmark explicit integration method was de-signed to simulate the vibration dynamic characteristics. The influences of suspension pa-rameters which were different stiffness and damping values and line irregularity frequency changed on the dynamic characteristics of levitation chassis were studied. Therefore the rea-sonable value interval of suspension parameter was explored.
(2) The steady-state response characteristics of the long stator middle-low speed maglev levitation chassis were obtained on the basis of its supposed design data. The results showed that the dynamic characteristics of levitation chassis have good performance. At the same time, the influence of elastic suspension constraints between the left and right module when the structure decoupled was studied. It provided a reference for the optimization of an-ti-rolling suspension parameters on the levitation chassis.
(3) With the assembly entity SolidWorks model of the long stator low-speed maglev train levitation chassis and the ANSYS Workbench analysis software, the static perfor-mances of levitation chassis under the four working conditions of maglev vehicle were ana-lyzed, and the modal analysis and harmonic analysis of levitation chassis were studied based on the most dangerous condition. The analysis results showed that the stiffness and strength of levitation chassis met the load requirements of maglev vehicle, and the vibration frequen-cies were in a safe range.
(4) Based on the sensitivity analysis, the reasonable design variables of levitation chas-sis were determined and the optimization mathematical model was established aim to have the minimum weight of levitation chassis. On the premise of guaranting strength, stiffness and vibration frequency, the lightweight design of levitation chassis was achieved.
In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and simulation studies on the vertical dynamics and lightweight design of the long stator middle-low speed maglev levitation chassis were obtained. The results have reference values for structural improvements of levitation chassis and selection of suspension parameters, besides it is of great significance to improve riding quality and reliability of maglev vehicle.
悬浮架是磁浮列车重要的工作部件,运行工况复杂,既是整个列车的承载平台,又是列车牵引和转向的工作平台,其动态特性和结构可靠性对车辆有直接影响,有必要对其动态特性进行研究。同时,磁浮列车为电磁悬浮,对其自重有严格要求,为增大载重及提高列车运行可靠性,在进行结构有限元分析的基础上,对其开展轻量化研究具有重要意义。本文以西南交通大学长定子中低速同步驱动磁浮列车悬浮架为原型,开展了悬浮架动力学建模、仿真和轻量化研究工作。主要研究内容如下所示：
(1)建立了包括沉浮、点头、侧滚振动方向的悬浮架动力学数学模型,采用Newmark显示积分法编制了动力学仿真程序,开展了悬浮架系统动力学仿真分析。重点对磁隙、抗侧滚悬挂参数变化时悬浮架的输出响应进行了分析比较,并对线路不平顺对悬浮架动态响应的影响进行了研究,探索了合理的悬挂参数取值范围。
(2)分析了西南交通大学长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架的稳态响应特性,分析结果表明悬浮架动态输出响应平稳。同时,研究了悬浮架结构解耦时左右模块之间弹性悬挂约束的影响,为悬浮架抗侧滚悬挂参数优化提供参考。
(3)结合长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架装配实体模型和Workbench有限元分析软件,对四种运行工况下的悬浮架进行了静力学分析。并且,基于最危险工况对悬浮架进行了模态分析和谐响应分析。分析结果表明悬浮架的刚度和强度满足列车承载要求,振动频率处于安全区间。
(4)基于灵敏度分析确定了悬浮架合理的优化设计变量,建立了以悬浮架结构重量最轻为目标的优化数学模型,在保证强度、刚度和一阶模态固有频率前提下,实现了悬浮架的轻量化设计。
综上所述,本文对长定子中低速磁浮列车悬浮架垂向动力学和轻量化设计进行了理论分析和仿真研究,其研究结果对悬浮架结构改进和悬挂参数选取具有参考价值,对提高车辆的运行平稳性和可靠性具有重要意义。
As a safe and comfortable, green, less noisy and pollutive traffic mode, magnetic levita-tion vehicles has become the important modern symbol of the human ground passenger transport. Furthermore, the middle-low speed maglev vehiele with the advantage of low noise, low power, good line adaptability and low cost, has become a new competitive public transport on the interior of city.
The levitation chassis is one important part of mgalev train with complex working con-ditions. It is the carrying platform of the maglev train, but also the working platform of traction and steering. Its attributes also affect the dynamic performance and structural relia-bility of the whole tarin directly. It is neeessary to Research the dynamic characteristics of levitation chassis. At the same time, the suspension mode of maglev train is the electro-magnetic levitation, and maglev train has the stringent requirements on its own weight. In order to increase the load and improve the reliability of train operation, there is important significance to do the structural optimization job on the basis of its structure finite element analysis. Based on the long stator middle and low speed maglev vehicle of Southwest Jiao-tong University, the dissertation carried out the research on modeling, simulation and lightweight analysis of levitation chassis system dynamics, the detailed research works and main results were as follows.
(1) Based on bouncing, pitching and rolling directions of vibration, the vertical dynam-ics model of levitation chassis was established, and the equations of motion of the model were derived. A simulation program using a Newmark explicit integration method was de-signed to simulate the vibration dynamic characteristics. The influences of suspension pa-rameters which were different stiffness and damping values and line irregularity frequency changed on the dynamic characteristics of levitation chassis were studied. Therefore the rea-sonable value interval of suspension parameter was explored.
(2) The steady-state response characteristics of the long stator middle-low speed maglev levitation chassis were obtained on the basis of its supposed design data. The results showed that the dynamic characteristics of levitation chassis have good performance. At the same time, the influence of elastic suspension constraints between the left and right module when the structure decoupled was studied. It provided a reference for the optimization of an-ti-rolling suspension parameters on the levitation chassis.
(3) With the assembly entity SolidWorks model of the long stator low-speed maglev train levitation chassis and the ANSYS Workbench analysis software, the static perfor-mances of levitation chassis under the four working conditions of maglev vehicle were ana-lyzed, and the modal analysis and harmonic analysis of levitation chassis were studied based on the most dangerous condition. The analysis results showed that the stiffness and strength of levitation chassis met the load requirements of maglev vehicle, and the vibration frequen-cies were in a safe range.
(4) Based on the sensitivity analysis, the reasonable design variables of levitation chas-sis were determined and the optimization mathematical model was established aim to have the minimum weight of levitation chassis. On the premise of guaranting strength, stiffness and vibration frequency, the lightweight design of levitation chassis was achieved.
In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and simulation studies on the vertical dynamics and lightweight design of the long stator middle-low speed maglev levitation chassis were obtained. The results have reference values for structural improvements of levitation chassis and selection of suspension parameters, besides it is of great significance to improve riding quality and reliability of maglev vehicle.
引文
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