东昆仑阿拉克湖—红水川地区晚古生代—早中生代地层构造特征及其构造演化
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摘要
东昆仑造山带是一个经历多期次构造活动的复合型大陆造山带,以东昆中断裂和东昆南断裂为界,由北向南大致划分为东昆北构造带、东昆中蛇绿混杂岩带、东昆南构造带和阿尼玛卿—布青山构造混杂岩带。研究区位于东昆仑东段东昆南构造带的阿拉克湖—红水川地区,该区晚古生代—早中生代构造演化别具一格,与古特提斯洋北分支洋的扩张、俯冲、碰撞密切相关。因此,研究该区主要构造岩石地层单位的地层特征和构造变形特征及其与东昆仑造山带形成演化的构造关系具有重要地质意义。
本文在宏观掌握东昆仑造山带及邻区最新研究成果和研究进展的基础上,结合野外地质剖面,重点收集研究区有关地层学、岩石学、构造地质学及其年代学等方面的研究成果,对晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层进行详细的构造变形分析,通过对各地层单元的构造几何学、运动学特征与区域构造背景之间关系的分析,综合研究阿拉克湖—红水川地区的构造变形特征,进而探讨其构造演化。
在系统总结前人研究成果以及野外调研分析和室内综合整理基础上,对于研究区晚古生代—早中生代的构造特征及构造演化得出以下几点认识及结论：
1.对东昆南构造带晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层进行了详细的岩石地层划分,初步建立了本区晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层序列。
2.通过对研究区中三叠统闹仓坚沟组与上三叠统八宝山组之间沉积地层构造变形、沉积环境等方面的研究,明确了两者之间的角度不整合关系对东昆南构造带乃至整个东昆仑造山带在该时期的造山过程及其构造演化与动力学背景中所具有的重要意义。
3.对本区晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层构造变形特征的分析,结合不同世代、期次的构造样式(紧闭倒转褶皱,斜歪褶皱,等厚宽缓褶皱),对该区构造演化序列进行划分,初步建立了构造变形序列。
4.综合区域地质资料,认为研究区晚古生代—早中生代的构造演化经历了三个阶段：泥盆纪—早二叠世阶段布青山—阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋扩张打开、东昆仑伸展裂陷与伸展断陷构造发育；早二叠世末—中三叠世阶段阿尼玛卿洋向东昆仑块体之下俯冲消减阶段,近南北向的挤压及后期的构造强化,造成了区内中下三叠统的褶皱变形；中三叠世末—早侏罗世阶段陆陆碰撞造山阶段,形成下三叠统与下伏地层的区域不整合以及近南北向的挤压形成了上三叠统及下侏罗统的开阔褶皱变形。
East Kunlun orogen is a compound continental orogenic belt which has undergone some multistage tectonic activities. Taking Mid-Kunlun fault and South-Kunlun fault as dividing lines, it can be divided into four belts from north to south, North Kunlun tectonic belt, Central Kunlun ophiolitic melange belt, South Kunlun tectonic belt and Buqingshan-A'nyemaqen tectonic melanges belt, respectively. Research area is located in the Alakehu-Hongshuichuan area of South Kunlun tectonic belt in the eastern East-Kunlun, and its tectonic evolution from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic has a unique style, and it has close relationships with the spreading, subduction and collision of the north branch ocean of Paleo-Tethys. There exists great geological significance in studying the stratigraphic characteristics and tectonic deformation characteristics of the main structure rock stratigraphic unit, and its tectonic relationship with the formation and evolution of East Kunlun orogen.
Based on macro mastering the latest research achievements and research progress of East Kunlun orogen and its adjacent regions, combined with wild-field geological profile, the paper puts the emphasis on collecting research achievements related with stratigraphy, petrology, tectonic geology and chronology in the research area, so as to analyze the tectonic deformation of strata from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. After analyzing the relationships between the tectonic geometry, and kinematic features of each stratigraphic unit and regional tectonic background, the paper has made a comprehensive research on tectonic deformation characteristics of Alakehu-Hongshuichuan area, so as to discuss its tectonic evolution.
Based on systematically summarizing previous research achievements and analysis of wild-field survey and indoor comprehensive arrangement, the following cognitions are acquired in the paper on the research area's tectonic characteristics and tectonic evolution from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic.
1. Sedimentary strata from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic in South Kunlun tectonic belt has been divided in detail, and initially established the stratigraphical sequence of this period.
2. The study of the tectonic deformation and sedimentary environment of sedimentary strata between the Middle Triassic Naocangjiangou Formation and Later Triassic Babaoshan Formation in the research area, confirms that the angular unconformity formed between them has great significance for discussing the orogenic process and tectonic evolution and dynamic background of South Kunlun tectonic belt, even the entire East Kunlun orogen in this period.
3. With the analysis of the tectonic deformation characteristics of sedimentary strata from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, as well as combining different generations and multiples of tectonic styles (tight overfolds, inclined folds, large-scale folds), tectonic evolutionary sequence of the research area has been divided and initially established.
4. Synthesizing regional geological information, tectonic evolution of the research area had undergone three stages from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. First stage is the spreading and opening up of Buqingshan-A'nyemaqen Paleo-Tethys, and the development of extensional rift extensional faulted depression of East Kunlun in the Devonian-Early Permian. Second stage is the subduction of A'nyemaqen Ocean beneath the East Kunlun block in late Early Permian-Middle Triassic. Intense tectonic compression and Later structure strengthening had caused fold deformation of strata in the Early-Middle Triassic. Third stage is the intercontinental collision orogenesis in the late Middle Triassic-Early Jurassic, which had caused regional unconformity between Lower Triassic and its underlying strata, and had caused the broad folds of the strata in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic by a nearly N-S directed compression.
本文在宏观掌握东昆仑造山带及邻区最新研究成果和研究进展的基础上,结合野外地质剖面,重点收集研究区有关地层学、岩石学、构造地质学及其年代学等方面的研究成果,对晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层进行详细的构造变形分析,通过对各地层单元的构造几何学、运动学特征与区域构造背景之间关系的分析,综合研究阿拉克湖—红水川地区的构造变形特征,进而探讨其构造演化。
在系统总结前人研究成果以及野外调研分析和室内综合整理基础上,对于研究区晚古生代—早中生代的构造特征及构造演化得出以下几点认识及结论：
1.对东昆南构造带晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层进行了详细的岩石地层划分,初步建立了本区晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层序列。
2.通过对研究区中三叠统闹仓坚沟组与上三叠统八宝山组之间沉积地层构造变形、沉积环境等方面的研究,明确了两者之间的角度不整合关系对东昆南构造带乃至整个东昆仑造山带在该时期的造山过程及其构造演化与动力学背景中所具有的重要意义。
3.对本区晚古生代—早中生代沉积地层构造变形特征的分析,结合不同世代、期次的构造样式(紧闭倒转褶皱,斜歪褶皱,等厚宽缓褶皱),对该区构造演化序列进行划分,初步建立了构造变形序列。
4.综合区域地质资料,认为研究区晚古生代—早中生代的构造演化经历了三个阶段：泥盆纪—早二叠世阶段布青山—阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋扩张打开、东昆仑伸展裂陷与伸展断陷构造发育；早二叠世末—中三叠世阶段阿尼玛卿洋向东昆仑块体之下俯冲消减阶段,近南北向的挤压及后期的构造强化,造成了区内中下三叠统的褶皱变形；中三叠世末—早侏罗世阶段陆陆碰撞造山阶段,形成下三叠统与下伏地层的区域不整合以及近南北向的挤压形成了上三叠统及下侏罗统的开阔褶皱变形。
East Kunlun orogen is a compound continental orogenic belt which has undergone some multistage tectonic activities. Taking Mid-Kunlun fault and South-Kunlun fault as dividing lines, it can be divided into four belts from north to south, North Kunlun tectonic belt, Central Kunlun ophiolitic melange belt, South Kunlun tectonic belt and Buqingshan-A'nyemaqen tectonic melanges belt, respectively. Research area is located in the Alakehu-Hongshuichuan area of South Kunlun tectonic belt in the eastern East-Kunlun, and its tectonic evolution from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic has a unique style, and it has close relationships with the spreading, subduction and collision of the north branch ocean of Paleo-Tethys. There exists great geological significance in studying the stratigraphic characteristics and tectonic deformation characteristics of the main structure rock stratigraphic unit, and its tectonic relationship with the formation and evolution of East Kunlun orogen.
Based on macro mastering the latest research achievements and research progress of East Kunlun orogen and its adjacent regions, combined with wild-field geological profile, the paper puts the emphasis on collecting research achievements related with stratigraphy, petrology, tectonic geology and chronology in the research area, so as to analyze the tectonic deformation of strata from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. After analyzing the relationships between the tectonic geometry, and kinematic features of each stratigraphic unit and regional tectonic background, the paper has made a comprehensive research on tectonic deformation characteristics of Alakehu-Hongshuichuan area, so as to discuss its tectonic evolution.
Based on systematically summarizing previous research achievements and analysis of wild-field survey and indoor comprehensive arrangement, the following cognitions are acquired in the paper on the research area's tectonic characteristics and tectonic evolution from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic.
1. Sedimentary strata from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic in South Kunlun tectonic belt has been divided in detail, and initially established the stratigraphical sequence of this period.
2. The study of the tectonic deformation and sedimentary environment of sedimentary strata between the Middle Triassic Naocangjiangou Formation and Later Triassic Babaoshan Formation in the research area, confirms that the angular unconformity formed between them has great significance for discussing the orogenic process and tectonic evolution and dynamic background of South Kunlun tectonic belt, even the entire East Kunlun orogen in this period.
3. With the analysis of the tectonic deformation characteristics of sedimentary strata from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, as well as combining different generations and multiples of tectonic styles (tight overfolds, inclined folds, large-scale folds), tectonic evolutionary sequence of the research area has been divided and initially established.
4. Synthesizing regional geological information, tectonic evolution of the research area had undergone three stages from late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. First stage is the spreading and opening up of Buqingshan-A'nyemaqen Paleo-Tethys, and the development of extensional rift extensional faulted depression of East Kunlun in the Devonian-Early Permian. Second stage is the subduction of A'nyemaqen Ocean beneath the East Kunlun block in late Early Permian-Middle Triassic. Intense tectonic compression and Later structure strengthening had caused fold deformation of strata in the Early-Middle Triassic. Third stage is the intercontinental collision orogenesis in the late Middle Triassic-Early Jurassic, which had caused regional unconformity between Lower Triassic and its underlying strata, and had caused the broad folds of the strata in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic by a nearly N-S directed compression.
引文
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