东昆仑南缘印支期花岗岩岩石成因及其地质意义
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摘要
造山带作为地球上构造活动最剧烈的地区之一,其形成和岩石成因机制一直是地质学家们研究的热点。造山带中形成的花岗岩是造山作用各个阶段的重要物质记录,其源区性质和成因机制的研究对于反演造山作用的深部动力学过程及造山过程中地壳和地幔物质的相互作用等科学问题具有重要意义。东昆仑造山带横亘于中国中西部,位于青藏高原腹地,花岗岩多期群居,岩性复杂,占据了该区的大部分空间,尤其以晚华力西一印支期花岗岩分布广泛。本论文拟对东昆仑造山带南缘的和勒冈希里克特岩体和科科鄂阿龙岩体进行系统的野外地质、岩相学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,重点讨论其岩石成因、成岩物质来源、形成构造环境及地质意义,并在此基础上,综合区域地质背景及岩石学的最新研究成果,主要取得以下认识：
1.和勒冈希里可特岩体主要岩性为花岗闪长岩,其SiO2=67.12wt%～73.88wt%, Na2O=1.2wt%～3.12wt%; K2O=3.04wt%～4.62wt%, Na2O/K2O=0.67～1.8; Mg#值平均为53。岩体具LREE富集,HREE亏损特征,(La/Yb) N比值为8.72～35.3,(Gd/Yb) N比值为1.36-1.80,Yb／Lu比值为5.68-7.24,6Eu介于0.86～0.95之间,Y、Yb含量较低。岩石富集Rb、Th、Ba、U、La等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、P、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。暗色微粒包体与寄主岩岩石地球化学特征有明显差异,它们相对贫硅,富集Mg、Fe、Ti、Ga。
2.科科鄂阿龙岩体主要岩性为石英闪长岩,具有一定的埃达克质岩的岩石地球化学特征。具体表现为SiO2=60.08wt%～62.69wt%, Na2O/K2O=1.41～1.83,平均达1.57,Mg#值为47-52；富集LELE、LREE元素,REE分馏明显,(La/Yb)N比值为11.8-18.4,Sr>400×10-6,Sr/Y比值为38.8-26.7,具微弱的Eu负异常(6Eu介于0.83-0.88),相对亏损HREE和Y(12.5×10-6～15.6×10-6),Y/Yb比值为10.7-11.7。
3.运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法获得和勒冈希里克特花岗岩体的侵位年龄为230.2+4.6Ma,科科鄂阿龙花岗岩体的形成时代为221±3.9Ma,表明两个岩体形成时代均为中晚三叠世。暗色微粒包体的结晶年龄为231.9士5.7Ma,与和勒冈希里克特寄主花岗闪长岩形成于同一时期,说明东昆仑东段在印支期存在着岩浆混合作用。
4.依据岩石地球化学资料,和勒冈希里克特花岗岩体是俯冲板片发生断离,引起软流圈物质上涌,注入下地壳底部,使下地壳发生部分熔融形成的。其中的暗色微粒包体则可能是岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆在上升过程中同化部分寄主花岗闪长岩形成的。科科鄂阿龙花岗岩体可能是拆沉下地壳进入下伏地幔脱水熔融形成的。
5.中、晚三叠世,古特提斯构造域全面碰撞造山,下地壳发生拆沉作用并伴随大量岩浆侵入事件,构造—热事件频繁发生,东昆仑地区进入陆内造山阶段,标志着古特提斯洋东段的最终消亡。
The mechanisms of formation and petrogenesis of orogenic belt, one of the places with most active tectonic events on the Earth, are having been hot studied by geologist for a long time. As the granite in orogenic belt recorded every stage in process of orogenesis in material, it's very effective to reconstruct the deep dynamics and interaction of crust-mantle during orogenesis based on the study of characteristics of magma-origin and their mechanism. Concerning the East Kunlun orogenic belt in central-west China and inner Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, granite intruded in overwhelming volume with multi-period and complicated litho-feature, especially for Hercynian-Indosinian. The dissertation managed to study systematically on field geology, lithofacies, petrologic geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS Zircon chronology, focused on petrogenesis, origin of petrologic material, formating tectonic setting and their geological significance. After that, together with regional geo-settings and the advanced study fruits of petrology, following cognitions are concluded:
1. Helegang Xilikete granitoids are mainly of granodiorite, in which contents of oxides are SiO2=67.12wt%～73.88wt%, Na2O=1.2wt%～3.12wt% and K2O=3.04wt%～4.62wt%, while Na2O/K2O=0.67～1.8 and Mg# is about 53 for average. The rocks are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE, and the ratios of (La/Yb)N, (Gd/Yb)N,and Yb/Lu of which are 8.72～35.3,1.36～1.80 and 5.68～7.24 respectively, together with 8Eu ranging between 0.86 and 0.95 and low contents of Y and Yb relatively. For trace elements, the rocks are enriched in LILE like Rb, Th, Ba, U, La et al., and are depleted in HFSE intensely, such as Nb, P, Ta, Ti et al.. Besides, the MME show apparent differences with their host rocks in lithologic geochemistry, such as being poor in Si and enriched in Mg, Fe, Ti, Ga relatively.
2. Keke'EAlong rocks are quartz diorite in majority with some characteristics similar to adakite in lithologic geochemistry, which showing concrectely as follows:SiO2=60.08wt%～62.69wt%, Na20/K2O=1.41～1.83 and 1.57 for average, Mg#=47～52, enriched in LILE and LREE, apparent differentiation between LREE and HREE, (La/Yb)N=11.8～18.4, Sr>400×10-6, Sr/Y=38.8～26.7, Y/Yb=10.7～11.7, a little negative anomaly in Eu(δEu=0.83～0.88), relatively depleted in HREE and Y(12.5×10-6～15.6×10-6).
3. Resorted to method of LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb chronology, the intruded ages of Helegang Xilikete rocks and Keke'EAlong rocks are obtained for about 230.2±4.6Ma and 221±3.9Ma respectively, which indicate that the two rocks both are formatted in Mid-Late Triassic, and the crystallized age of the MME is 231.9±5.7Ma, syn-formated with host rocks-Helegang Xilikete granodiorite, showing that there were magma mixing process in the eastern section of the East Kunlun area during Indosinian.
4. According to lithological geochemistry data, we believe that Helegang Xilikete granitic rocks were formatted by partial melting of lower-crust, which was resulted from diapir of athenospheric magma triggered by breaking up of subduction slab, and the MME of which might be formatted by mixing between mafic magma, the product of partial melting of lithosperic mantle, and some part of host rocks-granodiorite when they were arising. While Keke'EAlong rocks should be formatted by dehydration melting of detached lower-crust after they sank into beneath lithosperic mantle.
5. In Middle and Late Triassic, paleo-Tethys tectonic region collided and lifted completely, in which lower-crust detachment occurred companying by bulk of magmatism, and tectono-thermo events started frequently. After that, the eastern part of the east Kunlun area went to the evolution stage of intra-orogenesis, which indicates the perish of paleo-Tethys ocean in the east section ultimately.
1.和勒冈希里可特岩体主要岩性为花岗闪长岩,其SiO2=67.12wt%～73.88wt%, Na2O=1.2wt%～3.12wt%; K2O=3.04wt%～4.62wt%, Na2O/K2O=0.67～1.8; Mg#值平均为53。岩体具LREE富集,HREE亏损特征,(La/Yb) N比值为8.72～35.3,(Gd/Yb) N比值为1.36-1.80,Yb／Lu比值为5.68-7.24,6Eu介于0.86～0.95之间,Y、Yb含量较低。岩石富集Rb、Th、Ba、U、La等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、P、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。暗色微粒包体与寄主岩岩石地球化学特征有明显差异,它们相对贫硅,富集Mg、Fe、Ti、Ga。
2.科科鄂阿龙岩体主要岩性为石英闪长岩,具有一定的埃达克质岩的岩石地球化学特征。具体表现为SiO2=60.08wt%～62.69wt%, Na2O/K2O=1.41～1.83,平均达1.57,Mg#值为47-52；富集LELE、LREE元素,REE分馏明显,(La/Yb)N比值为11.8-18.4,Sr>400×10-6,Sr/Y比值为38.8-26.7,具微弱的Eu负异常(6Eu介于0.83-0.88),相对亏损HREE和Y(12.5×10-6～15.6×10-6),Y/Yb比值为10.7-11.7。
3.运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法获得和勒冈希里克特花岗岩体的侵位年龄为230.2+4.6Ma,科科鄂阿龙花岗岩体的形成时代为221±3.9Ma,表明两个岩体形成时代均为中晚三叠世。暗色微粒包体的结晶年龄为231.9士5.7Ma,与和勒冈希里克特寄主花岗闪长岩形成于同一时期,说明东昆仑东段在印支期存在着岩浆混合作用。
4.依据岩石地球化学资料,和勒冈希里克特花岗岩体是俯冲板片发生断离,引起软流圈物质上涌,注入下地壳底部,使下地壳发生部分熔融形成的。其中的暗色微粒包体则可能是岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆在上升过程中同化部分寄主花岗闪长岩形成的。科科鄂阿龙花岗岩体可能是拆沉下地壳进入下伏地幔脱水熔融形成的。
5.中、晚三叠世,古特提斯构造域全面碰撞造山,下地壳发生拆沉作用并伴随大量岩浆侵入事件,构造—热事件频繁发生,东昆仑地区进入陆内造山阶段,标志着古特提斯洋东段的最终消亡。
The mechanisms of formation and petrogenesis of orogenic belt, one of the places with most active tectonic events on the Earth, are having been hot studied by geologist for a long time. As the granite in orogenic belt recorded every stage in process of orogenesis in material, it's very effective to reconstruct the deep dynamics and interaction of crust-mantle during orogenesis based on the study of characteristics of magma-origin and their mechanism. Concerning the East Kunlun orogenic belt in central-west China and inner Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, granite intruded in overwhelming volume with multi-period and complicated litho-feature, especially for Hercynian-Indosinian. The dissertation managed to study systematically on field geology, lithofacies, petrologic geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS Zircon chronology, focused on petrogenesis, origin of petrologic material, formating tectonic setting and their geological significance. After that, together with regional geo-settings and the advanced study fruits of petrology, following cognitions are concluded:
1. Helegang Xilikete granitoids are mainly of granodiorite, in which contents of oxides are SiO2=67.12wt%～73.88wt%, Na2O=1.2wt%～3.12wt% and K2O=3.04wt%～4.62wt%, while Na2O/K2O=0.67～1.8 and Mg# is about 53 for average. The rocks are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE, and the ratios of (La/Yb)N, (Gd/Yb)N,and Yb/Lu of which are 8.72～35.3,1.36～1.80 and 5.68～7.24 respectively, together with 8Eu ranging between 0.86 and 0.95 and low contents of Y and Yb relatively. For trace elements, the rocks are enriched in LILE like Rb, Th, Ba, U, La et al., and are depleted in HFSE intensely, such as Nb, P, Ta, Ti et al.. Besides, the MME show apparent differences with their host rocks in lithologic geochemistry, such as being poor in Si and enriched in Mg, Fe, Ti, Ga relatively.
2. Keke'EAlong rocks are quartz diorite in majority with some characteristics similar to adakite in lithologic geochemistry, which showing concrectely as follows:SiO2=60.08wt%～62.69wt%, Na20/K2O=1.41～1.83 and 1.57 for average, Mg#=47～52, enriched in LILE and LREE, apparent differentiation between LREE and HREE, (La/Yb)N=11.8～18.4, Sr>400×10-6, Sr/Y=38.8～26.7, Y/Yb=10.7～11.7, a little negative anomaly in Eu(δEu=0.83～0.88), relatively depleted in HREE and Y(12.5×10-6～15.6×10-6).
3. Resorted to method of LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb chronology, the intruded ages of Helegang Xilikete rocks and Keke'EAlong rocks are obtained for about 230.2±4.6Ma and 221±3.9Ma respectively, which indicate that the two rocks both are formatted in Mid-Late Triassic, and the crystallized age of the MME is 231.9±5.7Ma, syn-formated with host rocks-Helegang Xilikete granodiorite, showing that there were magma mixing process in the eastern section of the East Kunlun area during Indosinian.
4. According to lithological geochemistry data, we believe that Helegang Xilikete granitic rocks were formatted by partial melting of lower-crust, which was resulted from diapir of athenospheric magma triggered by breaking up of subduction slab, and the MME of which might be formatted by mixing between mafic magma, the product of partial melting of lithosperic mantle, and some part of host rocks-granodiorite when they were arising. While Keke'EAlong rocks should be formatted by dehydration melting of detached lower-crust after they sank into beneath lithosperic mantle.
5. In Middle and Late Triassic, paleo-Tethys tectonic region collided and lifted completely, in which lower-crust detachment occurred companying by bulk of magmatism, and tectono-thermo events started frequently. After that, the eastern part of the east Kunlun area went to the evolution stage of intra-orogenesis, which indicates the perish of paleo-Tethys ocean in the east section ultimately.
引文
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