重金属污染河流沉积物质量评价方法研究
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摘要
本文以湘江干流衡阳-株洲和岳阳段沉积物为主要研究对象,进行了沉积物重金属质量评价的初步研究。文中沿湘江370公里江面设置37个采样站点,对沉积物的地球化学性质和沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等主要重金属元素含量及形态进行了测试分析,探讨了重金属的空间分布的规律及其与相应的地球化学因子之间的关系。
本文以相平衡分配理论模型建立的沉积物质量基准(SQC)为基础,参考潜在生态危害指数法,初步建立了湘江表层沉积物重金属质量标准和相应的评价方法,并对湘江表层沉积物重金属质量进行了评价,为湘江水环境管理和决策提供科学依据,同时,对其他水域的水环境重金属质量评价也具有一定的参考价值。相应结果如下：
湘江6种污染重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As的含量均超过了湘江的背景值,其中以Cd的富集最为严重,最高值出现在衡阳中游HY-19B站点,达到170.25(μg/g)。6种重金属元素在各水域中下游的重金属含量大多明显高于上游,在衡阳中游的水口山地区的污染最为严重,6种污染重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As含量(ig/g)分别为514.49,2246.09,3656.94,170.25,231.98,408.88,分别超过背景值的倍数为30,90,51,340,4,20。
湘江4种主要重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的赋存形态均以可提取态为主,平均百分比含量达到(70.84～97.07)%。由于各元素的性质不同,赋存形态也有差异。其中Cu、Pb以可还原态为主,具有较强的潜在生态危害；Zn、Cd以弱酸溶解态为主,具有很强生物有效性,Cd可提取态含量极高,是湘江调查区域最主要的污染元素。由表层沉积物中重金属含量及赋存形态的分布特征可以发现,人为污染源排放与湘江表层沉积物的重金属污染关系密切。
湘江沉积物重金属质量评价结果表明：衡阳段上游(好),衡阳段中游(差),衡阳段下游(差),株洲段(中等),岳阳段上游(中等),岳阳段下游(中等)。
This study discussed the sediment quality assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment from Xiangjiang river (Hengyang-Zhuzhou and Yueyang sections). Geochemical properties of sediments and the contents and speciation and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments from a 370km length section of Xiangjiang river were studied. The relationship between the speciation of heavy metals and their environmental factors have also been described. Based on Equilibrium Partitioning approach and Potential Ecological Risk method, this study established a heavy metals quality assessment method and assessed the heavy metals quality in surface sediment from Xiangjiang river with this method.
Contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As in sediments from Xiangjiang river were all higher than background values. Of these 6 heavy metals, Cd was the most polluted element, especially in Hengyang Shuikoushan area where the content of Cd reached 170.25μg/g. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As in this area were also very high and their values were 514.49 pg/g,2246.09μg/g,3656.94μg/g,231.98μg/g, 408.88μg/g, exceeding their background values by 30,90,51,340,4,20 times, respectively.
Four major metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, in sediment from Xiangjiang river existed mainly in extractable fraction. Percentage of contents of these elements reached to 70.84-97.07μg/g. Different natures of elements cause various speciation characteristics. Cu, Pb existed mainly in reducible fraction, and Zn, Cd existed mainly in weak soluble fraction. Bioavailability for four metals varied in the order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu.
The results show that Cd was the most contaminated heavy metal in the sediment from Xiangjiang river. The result implies that emissions from enterprises along the river was a major impact factor for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediment in Xiangjiang river area.
The results of heavy metals quality assessment in sediment trom Xiangjiang River show that Hengyang upper (Ⅰ), Hengyang middle (Ⅲ), Hengyang lower (Ⅲ), Zhuzhou (Ⅱ), Yueyang upper (Ⅱ), Yueyang lower (Ⅱ).
本文以相平衡分配理论模型建立的沉积物质量基准(SQC)为基础,参考潜在生态危害指数法,初步建立了湘江表层沉积物重金属质量标准和相应的评价方法,并对湘江表层沉积物重金属质量进行了评价,为湘江水环境管理和决策提供科学依据,同时,对其他水域的水环境重金属质量评价也具有一定的参考价值。相应结果如下：
湘江6种污染重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As的含量均超过了湘江的背景值,其中以Cd的富集最为严重,最高值出现在衡阳中游HY-19B站点,达到170.25(μg/g)。6种重金属元素在各水域中下游的重金属含量大多明显高于上游,在衡阳中游的水口山地区的污染最为严重,6种污染重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As含量(ig/g)分别为514.49,2246.09,3656.94,170.25,231.98,408.88,分别超过背景值的倍数为30,90,51,340,4,20。
湘江4种主要重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的赋存形态均以可提取态为主,平均百分比含量达到(70.84～97.07)%。由于各元素的性质不同,赋存形态也有差异。其中Cu、Pb以可还原态为主,具有较强的潜在生态危害；Zn、Cd以弱酸溶解态为主,具有很强生物有效性,Cd可提取态含量极高,是湘江调查区域最主要的污染元素。由表层沉积物中重金属含量及赋存形态的分布特征可以发现,人为污染源排放与湘江表层沉积物的重金属污染关系密切。
湘江沉积物重金属质量评价结果表明：衡阳段上游(好),衡阳段中游(差),衡阳段下游(差),株洲段(中等),岳阳段上游(中等),岳阳段下游(中等)。
This study discussed the sediment quality assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment from Xiangjiang river (Hengyang-Zhuzhou and Yueyang sections). Geochemical properties of sediments and the contents and speciation and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments from a 370km length section of Xiangjiang river were studied. The relationship between the speciation of heavy metals and their environmental factors have also been described. Based on Equilibrium Partitioning approach and Potential Ecological Risk method, this study established a heavy metals quality assessment method and assessed the heavy metals quality in surface sediment from Xiangjiang river with this method.
Contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As in sediments from Xiangjiang river were all higher than background values. Of these 6 heavy metals, Cd was the most polluted element, especially in Hengyang Shuikoushan area where the content of Cd reached 170.25μg/g. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As in this area were also very high and their values were 514.49 pg/g,2246.09μg/g,3656.94μg/g,231.98μg/g, 408.88μg/g, exceeding their background values by 30,90,51,340,4,20 times, respectively.
Four major metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, in sediment from Xiangjiang river existed mainly in extractable fraction. Percentage of contents of these elements reached to 70.84-97.07μg/g. Different natures of elements cause various speciation characteristics. Cu, Pb existed mainly in reducible fraction, and Zn, Cd existed mainly in weak soluble fraction. Bioavailability for four metals varied in the order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu.
The results show that Cd was the most contaminated heavy metal in the sediment from Xiangjiang river. The result implies that emissions from enterprises along the river was a major impact factor for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediment in Xiangjiang river area.
The results of heavy metals quality assessment in sediment trom Xiangjiang River show that Hengyang upper (Ⅰ), Hengyang middle (Ⅲ), Hengyang lower (Ⅲ), Zhuzhou (Ⅱ), Yueyang upper (Ⅱ), Yueyang lower (Ⅱ).
引文
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