S、P对Inconel690焊丝熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性影响的研究
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摘要
针对核一级设备用镍基合金焊接材料Inconel 690焊丝熔敷金属易产生焊接微裂纹的问题,本文研究了微量元素对690焊丝熔敷金属焊接热裂纹的影响,重点讨论了有害元素S+P含量对结晶裂纹的影响规律。采用红点法确定了裂纹数量,使用扫描电镜、俄歇分析确认了结晶裂纹的产生原因。在综合考虑Al、Ti、Mn、Si、C等元素影响的基础上,提出了Inconel 690焊丝熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性的新判据——J判据。其表达式为：
J=1313.5(S+P)—3.1Al—0.8Ti—15.0C—1.9Mn—3.6Si
研究结果表明：S、P是导致Inconel 690焊丝熔敷金属产生结晶裂纹的最主要元素。S+P含量较低时,就有可能引发结晶裂纹。随着S+P含量的增加,结晶裂纹敏感性显著增加。J判据是Inconel 690焊丝结晶裂纹敏感性的成分判据,它可以给出Inconel 690焊丝熔敷金属产生结晶裂纹的临界值0.044,也能给出不同置信水平下的临界区间,在95%置信水平下：当J≥1.5时,产生结晶裂纹；当J≤-1.7时,不产生结晶裂纹；当一1.7≤J≤1.5时,产生结晶裂纹的概率由文中提供的公式计算得出。
用六种焊丝进行J判据有效性的检验,试验结果与J判据的结论相符。在J判据的基础上,研制出了不产生结晶裂纹的焊丝HS690和HS690。
As for the sensitivity of micro-cracks in the deposited metal of Incone1690 nickel-based alloy welding wire for the nuclear main equipment, the influence of trace element on the solidification cracking of 690 welding wire deposited metal was studied in this paper, and in which the detrimental element S+P was the main target. The amount of the solidification cracking was measured by red dot method, and the SEM and auger electron energy spectrum were used to identified the reason of the solidification cracking. Considering the influence coefficient of S、P、Al、Ti、Mn、Si and C, the J criterion that used to evaluating the solidification cracking sensitivity of Incone1690 welding wire was proposed. The expression is:
J= 1313.5 (S+P)-3.1Al-0.8Ti-15.0C-1.9Mn-3.6Si
The results showed:S and P were the main elements inducing the solidification cracking for Incone1690 welding wire deposited metal. The solidification cracking may occur when the amount of S+P was low. The sensitivity of solidification cracking increased greatly when the amount of S+P increased. J criterion was the element criterion of solidification cracking sensitivity for Incone1690 welding wire deposited metal, it indicated the value 0.044 which was the critical value that generating solidification cracking for Incone1690 welding wire, and it defined the critical region under different confidence level. The confidence level was 95%: the solidification cracking occurred when J≥1.5; there wasn't solidification when J≤-1.7; the generation probability of solidification cracking was calculated by the expression when-1.7≤J≤1.5.
Six welding wires were used to test the validity of J criterion, the validity of J criterion was validated. The welding wires having no solidification cracking HS690 and HS690M were developed based on the J criterion.
Zhang Hao Yue (Materials Processing Engineering) Directed by prof. Chen Pei Yin
J=1313.5(S+P)—3.1Al—0.8Ti—15.0C—1.9Mn—3.6Si
研究结果表明：S、P是导致Inconel 690焊丝熔敷金属产生结晶裂纹的最主要元素。S+P含量较低时,就有可能引发结晶裂纹。随着S+P含量的增加,结晶裂纹敏感性显著增加。J判据是Inconel 690焊丝结晶裂纹敏感性的成分判据,它可以给出Inconel 690焊丝熔敷金属产生结晶裂纹的临界值0.044,也能给出不同置信水平下的临界区间,在95%置信水平下：当J≥1.5时,产生结晶裂纹；当J≤-1.7时,不产生结晶裂纹；当一1.7≤J≤1.5时,产生结晶裂纹的概率由文中提供的公式计算得出。
用六种焊丝进行J判据有效性的检验,试验结果与J判据的结论相符。在J判据的基础上,研制出了不产生结晶裂纹的焊丝HS690和HS690。
As for the sensitivity of micro-cracks in the deposited metal of Incone1690 nickel-based alloy welding wire for the nuclear main equipment, the influence of trace element on the solidification cracking of 690 welding wire deposited metal was studied in this paper, and in which the detrimental element S+P was the main target. The amount of the solidification cracking was measured by red dot method, and the SEM and auger electron energy spectrum were used to identified the reason of the solidification cracking. Considering the influence coefficient of S、P、Al、Ti、Mn、Si and C, the J criterion that used to evaluating the solidification cracking sensitivity of Incone1690 welding wire was proposed. The expression is:
J= 1313.5 (S+P)-3.1Al-0.8Ti-15.0C-1.9Mn-3.6Si
The results showed:S and P were the main elements inducing the solidification cracking for Incone1690 welding wire deposited metal. The solidification cracking may occur when the amount of S+P was low. The sensitivity of solidification cracking increased greatly when the amount of S+P increased. J criterion was the element criterion of solidification cracking sensitivity for Incone1690 welding wire deposited metal, it indicated the value 0.044 which was the critical value that generating solidification cracking for Incone1690 welding wire, and it defined the critical region under different confidence level. The confidence level was 95%: the solidification cracking occurred when J≥1.5; there wasn't solidification when J≤-1.7; the generation probability of solidification cracking was calculated by the expression when-1.7≤J≤1.5.
Six welding wires were used to test the validity of J criterion, the validity of J criterion was validated. The welding wires having no solidification cracking HS690 and HS690M were developed based on the J criterion.
Zhang Hao Yue (Materials Processing Engineering) Directed by prof. Chen Pei Yin
引文
[1]张茂龙.核电设备典型镍基合金焊接接头力学性能评定及焊缝金属热裂纹敏感性分析：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2003
[2]马大卫.核电工业中专用镍基焊材的应用.机械工人,2005(5),21-24
[3]黄乾尧,李汉康等.高温合金.北京：冶金工业出版社,2002.1-5
[4]董毅,高志远.我国核电事业的发展与Incone1690合金的研制.特钢技术,2004(3)：45-48
[5]吴伟.Incone1690焊条熔敷金属高温低塑性裂纹敏感性研究：[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨焊接研究所,2005
[6]Inconel 600, Special metals company.
[7]H T Lee and T Y Kuo. Effects of niobium on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour in weldments of alloy 690. Scinece and Technology of Welding and Joining,1999,4(4):246～256
[8]Inconel 690, Special metals company.
[9]胡汉起等.金属凝固原理.北京：机械工业出版社,2008,241-245
[10]BORLAND J C. Generalized theory of super-solidus cracking in welds (and castings). British Welding Journal,1960,7:508～512
[11]哈尔滨焊接研究所.焊接裂缝金相分析图谱.哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社1981.5-10
[12]DIXON B F, PHILIPS R H. Cracking in the transvarestraint test. Met Constr,1984 (4):232～237
[13]ARATA. Trans. JWRI,1977,6(2):37～46
[14]LUNDIN C D, DELONG W T, SPOND D F. The fissure bend test. Welding Journal,1976,55 (5):145～151
[15]RABENSTEINER G, TOSHC J, SCHABERITER H. Hot cracking problems
in different fully austenitic weld metals. Welding Journal,1983,62 (1):21～27
[16]SAVAGE W F,NIPPES E F and GOODWIN G M. Effect of minor element on hot Cracking tendencies of INCONEL 600. Welding Journal,1977,56 (8):245～253
[17]WU WEITE, TSAI C H. Hot cracking susceptibility of fillers 52 and 82 in alloy 690 welding. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1997,30A (2):417～425
[18]路文江,中尾嘉邦.镍基高温合金焊接凝固裂纹敏感性研究.甘肃工业大学学报,1989(12)：31-37
[19]薄春雨.690镍基合金焊带熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性的研究：[硕士论文]。哈尔滨：哈尔滨焊接研究所,2006
[20]薄春雨,杨玉亭,丑树国等.690镍基合金焊接结晶裂纹形成机理分析.焊接学报,2007,28(10)：69-72
[21]WOLSTENHOLME D A. Weld crater cracking in Incoloy 800. Welding and metal fabrication.1973,41 (12):443～449
[22]于赐予等.Si对Cr20Ni80型镍基合金焊接热裂纹影响的研究.第二届全国焊接年会论文集,北京：1979
[23]张文钺等.焊接冶金学(基本原理)。北京：机械工业出版社,1995.280-287
[24]张茂龙,颜昌根,游俊富.Incone1690合金带极电渣堆焊工艺试验及堆焊层性能研究.锅炉技术,1997 (2):24～27
[25]杜敏.镍基合金焊接施工工艺综述.石油化工建设,2008,30(4)：44-47
[26]万军.镍及镍基合金的焊接.锅炉制造,2004(4)：32-34
[27]密道瓦尔.铬镍奥氏体钢的焊接.成山,译.北京：中国工业出版社,1965.23-50
[28]路文江,中尾嘉邦,莜崎贤二.镍基合金焊接热影响区的液化裂纹敏感性.甘肃工业大学学报,1993,14(3)：187-192
[29]钟祖桂,史常瑾,机械工程材料,1985,9(2)：26
[30]艾宝瑞等.组织结构对再热裂纹敏感性的影响.压力容器用钢再热裂纹试验研究论文集,1985.
[31]Welding Nickel Alloy, Special Metals Corporation
[32]Hadrill D M and Baker R G. Microcraking in austenitic weld metal. British Welding Journal,1965,12(9)
[33]F F NOECKER, J N DUPONT. Merallurgical Investigation into Ductility Dip cracking in Ni-Based Alloys. Welding Journal 2003,7～20
[34]J A BROOKS, C V ROBINO, T J HEADLEY, J R MICHAEL. Weld solidification and cracking behaviorof free-machining stainless stell. Welding Journal,2003,51～63
[35]TNISHIBATA, H HIRATA, K OGAWA and Y KOMIZO. Effect of Ni Content on weld hot cracking susceptibility of fully astenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Welding International,2001,15 (10):789～797
[36]法玛通ANP公司。用于电焊镍合金和钢的镍基合金、焊丝及应用.中国,CN1496781A,2004—5-19
[37]Hannu Hanninen, pertti Aaltonen, Anssi Brederholm. Dissimilar metal weld joints and their performance in nuclear power plant and oil refinery conditions. VTT公司研究报告,2006.
[38]HannuHanninen,Anssi brederholm,Tapio Sankkonen.Hot cracking and environmentassisted crancking susceptibility of dissimilar metal welds. VTT公司研究报告,2007.
[2]马大卫.核电工业中专用镍基焊材的应用.机械工人,2005(5),21-24
[3]黄乾尧,李汉康等.高温合金.北京：冶金工业出版社,2002.1-5
[4]董毅,高志远.我国核电事业的发展与Incone1690合金的研制.特钢技术,2004(3)：45-48
[5]吴伟.Incone1690焊条熔敷金属高温低塑性裂纹敏感性研究：[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨焊接研究所,2005
[6]Inconel 600, Special metals company.
[7]H T Lee and T Y Kuo. Effects of niobium on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour in weldments of alloy 690. Scinece and Technology of Welding and Joining,1999,4(4):246～256
[8]Inconel 690, Special metals company.
[9]胡汉起等.金属凝固原理.北京：机械工业出版社,2008,241-245
[10]BORLAND J C. Generalized theory of super-solidus cracking in welds (and castings). British Welding Journal,1960,7:508～512
[11]哈尔滨焊接研究所.焊接裂缝金相分析图谱.哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社1981.5-10
[12]DIXON B F, PHILIPS R H. Cracking in the transvarestraint test. Met Constr,1984 (4):232～237
[13]ARATA. Trans. JWRI,1977,6(2):37～46
[14]LUNDIN C D, DELONG W T, SPOND D F. The fissure bend test. Welding Journal,1976,55 (5):145～151
[15]RABENSTEINER G, TOSHC J, SCHABERITER H. Hot cracking problems
in different fully austenitic weld metals. Welding Journal,1983,62 (1):21～27
[16]SAVAGE W F,NIPPES E F and GOODWIN G M. Effect of minor element on hot Cracking tendencies of INCONEL 600. Welding Journal,1977,56 (8):245～253
[17]WU WEITE, TSAI C H. Hot cracking susceptibility of fillers 52 and 82 in alloy 690 welding. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1997,30A (2):417～425
[18]路文江,中尾嘉邦.镍基高温合金焊接凝固裂纹敏感性研究.甘肃工业大学学报,1989(12)：31-37
[19]薄春雨.690镍基合金焊带熔敷金属结晶裂纹敏感性的研究：[硕士论文]。哈尔滨：哈尔滨焊接研究所,2006
[20]薄春雨,杨玉亭,丑树国等.690镍基合金焊接结晶裂纹形成机理分析.焊接学报,2007,28(10)：69-72
[21]WOLSTENHOLME D A. Weld crater cracking in Incoloy 800. Welding and metal fabrication.1973,41 (12):443～449
[22]于赐予等.Si对Cr20Ni80型镍基合金焊接热裂纹影响的研究.第二届全国焊接年会论文集,北京：1979
[23]张文钺等.焊接冶金学(基本原理)。北京：机械工业出版社,1995.280-287
[24]张茂龙,颜昌根,游俊富.Incone1690合金带极电渣堆焊工艺试验及堆焊层性能研究.锅炉技术,1997 (2):24～27
[25]杜敏.镍基合金焊接施工工艺综述.石油化工建设,2008,30(4)：44-47
[26]万军.镍及镍基合金的焊接.锅炉制造,2004(4)：32-34
[27]密道瓦尔.铬镍奥氏体钢的焊接.成山,译.北京：中国工业出版社,1965.23-50
[28]路文江,中尾嘉邦,莜崎贤二.镍基合金焊接热影响区的液化裂纹敏感性.甘肃工业大学学报,1993,14(3)：187-192
[29]钟祖桂,史常瑾,机械工程材料,1985,9(2)：26
[30]艾宝瑞等.组织结构对再热裂纹敏感性的影响.压力容器用钢再热裂纹试验研究论文集,1985.
[31]Welding Nickel Alloy, Special Metals Corporation
[32]Hadrill D M and Baker R G. Microcraking in austenitic weld metal. British Welding Journal,1965,12(9)
[33]F F NOECKER, J N DUPONT. Merallurgical Investigation into Ductility Dip cracking in Ni-Based Alloys. Welding Journal 2003,7～20
[34]J A BROOKS, C V ROBINO, T J HEADLEY, J R MICHAEL. Weld solidification and cracking behaviorof free-machining stainless stell. Welding Journal,2003,51～63
[35]TNISHIBATA, H HIRATA, K OGAWA and Y KOMIZO. Effect of Ni Content on weld hot cracking susceptibility of fully astenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Welding International,2001,15 (10):789～797
[36]法玛通ANP公司。用于电焊镍合金和钢的镍基合金、焊丝及应用.中国,CN1496781A,2004—5-19
[37]Hannu Hanninen, pertti Aaltonen, Anssi Brederholm. Dissimilar metal weld joints and their performance in nuclear power plant and oil refinery conditions. VTT公司研究报告,2006.
[38]HannuHanninen,Anssi brederholm,Tapio Sankkonen.Hot cracking and environmentassisted crancking susceptibility of dissimilar metal welds. VTT公司研究报告,2007.
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