中厚倾斜破碎磷矿体开采方法研究与应用
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摘要
开阳磷矿类型以震旦系海相沉积的中厚倾斜破碎难采矿床为主,该层状、似层状含磷地层主要由白云岩、磷块岩、粘土岩及它们之间的过渡岩石组成。国内外针对此类矿体多年来一直采用空场法和崩落法开采,不仅损失贫化率高,而且导致开采境界内的山体崩落、采空区塌陷等重大工程灾害。同时磷化工产生的磷石膏是一种强酸性物质,堆积地表,严重污染环境。本文通过理论分析,室内实验及现场工程应用,针对中厚倾斜破碎磷矿体的开采技术条件,提出了适合该类矿体5种开采方案,应用未确知数学理论优选出脉内采准无间柱连续分段磷石膏充填采矿法为最佳方案。根据该方案的回采特点,得出了采场切割上山顶板支护方式及支护参数；根据该磷矿床的岩石力学条件,计算出采场开采的极限跨度为25m；针对磷石膏料浆粒级细、充填脱水慢、养护周期长、采场回采循环时间长、生产能力低的难题,提出了一种用于磷石膏充填料浆快速脱水的脱水系统,解决了磷石膏料浆脱水慢,易跑浆漏浆等问题；针对中厚倾斜矿体底板三角矿石损失严重的问题,引进长臂式爬装机实现了底板三角矿石机械回收；将脉内采准无间柱连续分段磷石膏充填采矿法应用于开阳磷矿马路坪矿段,经实践证明该方法具有安全、高效、低贫损、低成本开采的特点,实现了磷废料的大规模工业利用与磷矿石的安全高效低贫损开采的完美结合,推动了磷化工基地循环经济的可持续发展。
Kaiyang phosphorus mine is classified into Sinian marine sedimentary deposits, in which, the phosphate ore bodies are medium thickness inclined. This kind of layered phosphate strata are mainly composed by dolomite, phosphate rock, clay rocks and rock composition of the transition between them. Over the years, open-stope method and caving mining method are mostly used for such ore body at home and abroad. Both methods not only bring high loss and dilution rate but also lead to mountain avalanche, collapse of mined areas and other major engineering disasters. At the same time, phosphogypsum which produced by the phosphorous chemical is a strong acid, which would pollute the environment seriously if it is accumulated on the earth surface. Through theoretical analysis,laboratory experiments and engineering site condition consideration, the five types of mining methods for such medium thickness inclined fractured phosphate ore body are proposed. with unascertained mathematical theory which adopted the optimized among the five mining methods, continuous sub-pillar of phosphogypsum filling mining method is optimized as the best option. According to the recovery characteristics of the optimesed mining method, support pattern and parameters for the cut up the hill within the slope roof are chosed. The maximun mining stope span is calculated as 25m for the representative rock conditions of ore body. In allusion to the difficult problems of fine grain grad of phosphogypsum, slow dehydration, long maintenance cycle, long cycle time of stope mining and lower production ability, a rapid filling dehydration system is proposed to solve the problems of 1000 gypsum cement dehydration,easy to run pulp and slurry leakage. And for the serious loss of triangle ore of thick inclined ore body, long arm installed machine is used to achieve the recovery of the triangle ore at the bottom of the stope. The continuous sub-pillar filling method is successfully applied to the Maluping part of Kaiyang Mine with features of safety, high efficiency, low dilution loss and low operating cost. And this mining method has enabled large-scale industrial use of phosphorus and perfect with efficient and safe mining and low dilution loss, promoting sustainable development of phosphate chemical industry.
Kaiyang phosphorus mine is classified into Sinian marine sedimentary deposits, in which, the phosphate ore bodies are medium thickness inclined. This kind of layered phosphate strata are mainly composed by dolomite, phosphate rock, clay rocks and rock composition of the transition between them. Over the years, open-stope method and caving mining method are mostly used for such ore body at home and abroad. Both methods not only bring high loss and dilution rate but also lead to mountain avalanche, collapse of mined areas and other major engineering disasters. At the same time, phosphogypsum which produced by the phosphorous chemical is a strong acid, which would pollute the environment seriously if it is accumulated on the earth surface. Through theoretical analysis,laboratory experiments and engineering site condition consideration, the five types of mining methods for such medium thickness inclined fractured phosphate ore body are proposed. with unascertained mathematical theory which adopted the optimized among the five mining methods, continuous sub-pillar of phosphogypsum filling mining method is optimized as the best option. According to the recovery characteristics of the optimesed mining method, support pattern and parameters for the cut up the hill within the slope roof are chosed. The maximun mining stope span is calculated as 25m for the representative rock conditions of ore body. In allusion to the difficult problems of fine grain grad of phosphogypsum, slow dehydration, long maintenance cycle, long cycle time of stope mining and lower production ability, a rapid filling dehydration system is proposed to solve the problems of 1000 gypsum cement dehydration,easy to run pulp and slurry leakage. And for the serious loss of triangle ore of thick inclined ore body, long arm installed machine is used to achieve the recovery of the triangle ore at the bottom of the stope. The continuous sub-pillar filling method is successfully applied to the Maluping part of Kaiyang Mine with features of safety, high efficiency, low dilution loss and low operating cost. And this mining method has enabled large-scale industrial use of phosphorus and perfect with efficient and safe mining and low dilution loss, promoting sustainable development of phosphate chemical industry.
引文
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[11]田旭恒,陈发吉,龙秀才.砼柱护顶空场采矿法在开采缓倾斜矿体中的应用[J]采矿技术,2008,(11)：11-13.
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[20]姚华,何忠国,龙再显,黎正强.磷石膏充填采矿法在马路坪矿段的应用[J]采矿技术,2010(4)：20-24.
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[26]王飞跃.基于不确定性理论的尾矿坝稳定性分析及综合评价研究[D].中南大学：资源与安全工程学院,2009年4月.
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[28]庞彦军,王小胜,栗文国.基于指标区分权重的未确知测度综合评价模型及其应用[J].大学数学,2008,24(1)：120-125.
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[30]YANG Jian,WANG Yu.Evaluation Of Command Information Superiority Based On Information Entropy and Unascertained Measurement[J]. Command Control & Simulation,2007,29(3):27-36.
[31]邓建,李夕兵,古德生.无间柱连续采矿法矿段回采的地压规律与控制技术[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(4)：666-674.
[32]陈庆发,周科平,胡建华,张世超.碎裂矿段开采与空区处理协同研究[J].中南大学学报：自然科学版,2010(4)：32-39.
[33]WANG Yi-ming.WU Ai-xiang.CHEN Xue-song.YANG Bao-hua.SU Yong-ding New mining technique with big panels and stopes in deep mine[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008(1):243-248.
[34]HU Jian-hua.ZHOU Ke-ping.LI Xi-bing.YANG Nian-ge.SU Jia-hong Numerical analysis of application for induction caving roof[J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology(English Edition),2005 (z):46-54.
[35]邓建,李夕兵,古德生.无间柱连续采矿法的充填体可靠性研究[J].矿冶工程,2001,21(4)：22-28.
[36]古德生,邓建,李夕兵.地下金属矿山无间柱连续采矿可靠性分析与设计[J].中国工程科学,2001,3(1)：38-46.
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