砂岩含水层富水性预测及水害危险性评价研究
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摘要
煤层顶、底板砂岩含水层往往是煤层开采的直接充水含水层,对矿井生产影响很大。本文在分析济阳煤矿二采区地质、水文地质条件和以往突水资料的基础上,对采区主采煤层1煤和7煤顶、底板砂岩含水层的富水性及水害危险性进行了预测和评价。通过经验公式法、现场探测法和数值模拟法,对煤层顶、底板破坏深度进行了研究,获得本区主采煤层顶、底板破坏带发育深度的认识；通过对砂岩含水层富水性影响因素的分析,确定了砂岩的粒度、厚度、煤层顶、底板结构和地质构造发育状况等作为砂岩含水层富水性的评价因素；通过绘制沉积断面图,对砂岩厚度变化、分布特征及与泥岩的组合特征进行了分析；构造了岩性结构指数定量描述煤层顶、底板的岩性及结构特征,运用相似维描述采区构造的复杂程度；在对煤层顶、底板岩性及结构特征和采区地质构造分形特征进行单因素分析的基础上,采用多因素综合分析法,将岩性结构指数和构造分维值标准化,进行了砂岩含水层的富水性分区,将研究区煤层顶、底板砂岩划分为富水性强、富水性中等和富水性弱三个等级；运用瞬变电磁技术对砂岩富水性进行了探测,结果表明：富水性强区主要分布在构造带附近；综合考虑岩性结构指数,物探结果及多因素综合分析法获得的结果,对煤层顶、底板砂岩含水层进行了水害危险性分区,划分出危险区、较危险区和安全区；探讨了采区水害防治技术途径与措施。
Sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of coal seams are usually direct water-filling aquifers and have an important effect on coal mines'production. Based on the analysis of the geological and hydrogeological condition, and the past water-inrush data in Jiyang coal mine, the paper forecasted and evaluated the water abundance and the water disaster danger of the sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of the No1 and No7 coal seams, the main mining coal seams in the mine. The paper dealed with the destruction depth of the coal seams'roof and floor by empirical formula, field detection and numerical simulation and obtained recognition to the development depth of the destruction zones of the main mining coal seams'roof and floor. By analyzing the influencing factors of sandstone aquifers'water abundance, the paper ascertained sandstone aquifers'water abundance's evaluation factors which were sandstone's size and thickness, structure of the coal seams'roof and floor and development condition of the geological structure. Sandstone's thickness variety, its distribution characteristics and the combination characteristics of the sandstone and mudstone was analyzed by drawing depositional section maps. The paper quantativly described the lithology and structure characteristics of the coal seams'roof and floor by constructing lithology structure index and the complexity of structure in the section using similar fractal dimension. Based on the single factor analysis of the lithology and structure characteristics of the coal seams'roof and floor and the geological structure's fractal feature in the section, the paper adopted comprehensive multiple factor analysis to classify sandstone aquifers'water abundance by standardizing the lithology structure index and the structure's fractal value and the sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of the coal seams in the research area were divided into three levels which were rich water abundance, medium water abundance, weak water abundance. Sandstone's water abundance was detected using transient electromagnetic technology and the result demonstrated that the rich water abundance area was mainly near the structure. Comprehensively considering the lithology structure index, the geophysical exploration results and the results which were obtained by comprehensive multiple factor analysis, the paper carved up the water disaster danger subarea of the sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of the coal seams and the sandstone aquifers were divided into three levels which were dangerous area, less dangerous area and safe area. The prevention and cure technology ways and measures of the water disaster in the section was probed into.
Sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of coal seams are usually direct water-filling aquifers and have an important effect on coal mines'production. Based on the analysis of the geological and hydrogeological condition, and the past water-inrush data in Jiyang coal mine, the paper forecasted and evaluated the water abundance and the water disaster danger of the sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of the No1 and No7 coal seams, the main mining coal seams in the mine. The paper dealed with the destruction depth of the coal seams'roof and floor by empirical formula, field detection and numerical simulation and obtained recognition to the development depth of the destruction zones of the main mining coal seams'roof and floor. By analyzing the influencing factors of sandstone aquifers'water abundance, the paper ascertained sandstone aquifers'water abundance's evaluation factors which were sandstone's size and thickness, structure of the coal seams'roof and floor and development condition of the geological structure. Sandstone's thickness variety, its distribution characteristics and the combination characteristics of the sandstone and mudstone was analyzed by drawing depositional section maps. The paper quantativly described the lithology and structure characteristics of the coal seams'roof and floor by constructing lithology structure index and the complexity of structure in the section using similar fractal dimension. Based on the single factor analysis of the lithology and structure characteristics of the coal seams'roof and floor and the geological structure's fractal feature in the section, the paper adopted comprehensive multiple factor analysis to classify sandstone aquifers'water abundance by standardizing the lithology structure index and the structure's fractal value and the sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of the coal seams in the research area were divided into three levels which were rich water abundance, medium water abundance, weak water abundance. Sandstone's water abundance was detected using transient electromagnetic technology and the result demonstrated that the rich water abundance area was mainly near the structure. Comprehensively considering the lithology structure index, the geophysical exploration results and the results which were obtained by comprehensive multiple factor analysis, the paper carved up the water disaster danger subarea of the sandstone aquifers in the roof and floor of the coal seams and the sandstone aquifers were divided into three levels which were dangerous area, less dangerous area and safe area. The prevention and cure technology ways and measures of the water disaster in the section was probed into.
引文
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