矿热炉与AOD炉双联法冶炼不锈钢的设计与研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的蓬勃发展和汽车、石油、化工等行业的迅速扩张,国内不锈钢需求量猛增,很多钢厂的不锈钢项目纷纷投产,使得我国从不锈钢进口国成为不锈钢出口国。但由于利益驱使,使得国内一些中小型不锈钢厂生产分散,能源消耗严重,而且受到国际有色金属期货市场的影响,镍铁合金价格一直处于强烈震荡状态,使不锈钢厂和镍铁合金生产厂在这种情况下艰难生存,所以如何让中小型不锈钢厂和新兴的镍铁合金厂在各种经济风险下生存下来成为目前行业里的焦点问题。
本文在广泛调查国内外先进不锈钢、镍铁合金生产技术和生产实践的基础上,针对国内不锈钢厂和镍铁合金厂生产的实际情况以及这两种生产工艺的一些互补特点,以减少生产成本,应对行业波动,节约能耗,降低污染的原则从产品结构、工艺方案、设备选型等方面进行了综合研究和设计。
根据国内外冶炼不锈钢工艺的发展趋势和不锈钢厂与镍铁合金厂的生产工艺特点,以及徐州金象冶金有限公司的实际条件,确定了一套节约能耗,减少成本的生产工艺:(1)立窑烧结→25000kVA的矿热炉→酸性炉衬AOD炉→碱性炉衬AOD炉→铸锭或连铸进行不锈钢生产(2)立窑烧结→25000kVA的矿热炉→酸性炉衬AOD炉→模铸或连铸进行不锈钢基料生产。
With the rapid development of economy of China and the expansion of car petrol and chemical industry,the great demand of stainless steel has shot up.From importation country to export country of stainless steel,the domestic stainless steel manufacturers have been flourished.However,because of benefit driven,it made some of medium and small stainless steel factories produced dispersion and expenditure of energy was very serious.At the same time,which influenced by international nonferrous Metal-futures market,the price of ferro-nickel has been in strong shock.In this situation,stainless steel factory and ferro-nickel factory were hard to survival.Therefore,how to surive in kinds of economic risk was turned into focus problem in current industry.
In this paper,comprehensive research and design were proposed,take the investigation in a wide range of advanced stainless steel as a path,nickel-iron alloy production technology and production practice on the basis of the domestic stainless steel and nickel-iron alloy factory production as goal,as well as the actual production process of these two characteristics of a number of complementary,upon which could reduce production costs.Consider about industry fluctuations in energy conservation, reducing pollution from the principle of product mix,process planning,equipment selection and other aspects were also considered as well.
A set of energy conservation production process has been established according to the development and characteristics of stainless steel and stainless steel and nickel-iron alloy production combining with actual plant situation,(1)Vertical sintering→25000kVAsubmerged arc furnace→Acidic lining AOD-→die casting or continuous casting for stainless steel production;(2)Vertical sintering→25000k VAsubmerged arc furnace→Acidic lining AOD→die casting or continuous casting for base materials for stainless steel.
本文在广泛调查国内外先进不锈钢、镍铁合金生产技术和生产实践的基础上,针对国内不锈钢厂和镍铁合金厂生产的实际情况以及这两种生产工艺的一些互补特点,以减少生产成本,应对行业波动,节约能耗,降低污染的原则从产品结构、工艺方案、设备选型等方面进行了综合研究和设计。
根据国内外冶炼不锈钢工艺的发展趋势和不锈钢厂与镍铁合金厂的生产工艺特点,以及徐州金象冶金有限公司的实际条件,确定了一套节约能耗,减少成本的生产工艺:(1)立窑烧结→25000kVA的矿热炉→酸性炉衬AOD炉→碱性炉衬AOD炉→铸锭或连铸进行不锈钢生产(2)立窑烧结→25000kVA的矿热炉→酸性炉衬AOD炉→模铸或连铸进行不锈钢基料生产。
With the rapid development of economy of China and the expansion of car petrol and chemical industry,the great demand of stainless steel has shot up.From importation country to export country of stainless steel,the domestic stainless steel manufacturers have been flourished.However,because of benefit driven,it made some of medium and small stainless steel factories produced dispersion and expenditure of energy was very serious.At the same time,which influenced by international nonferrous Metal-futures market,the price of ferro-nickel has been in strong shock.In this situation,stainless steel factory and ferro-nickel factory were hard to survival.Therefore,how to surive in kinds of economic risk was turned into focus problem in current industry.
In this paper,comprehensive research and design were proposed,take the investigation in a wide range of advanced stainless steel as a path,nickel-iron alloy production technology and production practice on the basis of the domestic stainless steel and nickel-iron alloy factory production as goal,as well as the actual production process of these two characteristics of a number of complementary,upon which could reduce production costs.Consider about industry fluctuations in energy conservation, reducing pollution from the principle of product mix,process planning,equipment selection and other aspects were also considered as well.
A set of energy conservation production process has been established according to the development and characteristics of stainless steel and stainless steel and nickel-iron alloy production combining with actual plant situation,(1)Vertical sintering→25000kVAsubmerged arc furnace→Acidic lining AOD-→die casting or continuous casting for stainless steel production;(2)Vertical sintering→25000k VAsubmerged arc furnace→Acidic lining AOD→die casting or continuous casting for base materials for stainless steel.
引文
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[37]田兰英,孙晓燕,李强.小吨位AOD炉法的工业应用效果[J].江苏冶金.1999,(2).
[38]赵美玲,李强,张静.小吨位AOD炉及工艺在铸钢生产中的应用[J].江苏冶金.2000,(2).
[39]李瑞丽,方爱民.小型氩氧混合脱碳(AOD炉)炉炼钢工艺[J].江苏冶金.2007,12(35).
[40]赵沛.炉外精炼及铁水预处理技术手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
[41]李红霞.耐火材料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
[2]孙余一,何艳明.浅谈镍铁生产工艺的研究及设计进展[J].有色金属设计,2008,35(2):57-61.
[3]张莓.我国火法冶炼红土镍矿进展[J].国土资源情报,2008,2
[4]周晓文,张建春,罗仙平.从红土镍矿中提取镍的技术研究现状及展望[J].四川有色金属,2008,(01).
[5]刘岩.翟玉春.从镍精矿中提取镍铁合金的还原工艺[J].过程工程学报,2005,12.
[6]谷新艳.最佳镍铁精炼工艺[J].有色冶炼,2000,4.
[7]Scandi.V Aian Journal of Mettallargy.1998,27(1)
[8]张静.AOD炉法在铸造不锈钢中的应用[J].矿业快报,2000,6.
[9]郭家祺,刘明生.AOD炉精炼不锈钢工艺发展[J].炼钢.2002,4.
[10]高亦斌,陈根保,金卫强.AOD炉精炼高氮奥氏体不锈钢1Cr22Mn15N的工艺实践[J].特殊钢,2005,3
[11]张朝霞,赵伟,高文军.AOD炉精炼炉用铬镁砖的研制与使用[J].辽宁建材.2005,4
[12]王建东,葛昌纯,邹林华等.AOD炉炉衬MgO-CaO砖的侵蚀机理[J].耐火材料 2006,40(3)1 86-189
[13]李强,刘亮,等.AOD炉除尘系统设计技术特点[J].特钢技术.1999,1.
[14]江庆元,李冬刚,池和冰.AOD炉吹氩脱氮技术的分析与实践[J].上海金属.2007,3
[15]孙建平,姜学勇,许武,等.AOD炉防自动倾翻和失电安全泻钢水工作装置的设计和改造[J].上海钢研,2006,1.
[16]江庆元,李冬刚,池和冰.AOD炉加料及温度制度的研究与实践[J].河北理工学院学报.2000,22(1):12-18.
[17]张铁根,许建勇.AOD炉用白云石砖的使用试验[J].耐火材料.2000,34(3):167-168
[18]朱立光,万爱珍.AOD炉用耐火材料的改进[J].国外耐火材料,2003,10(28).
[19]卫战业,AOD炉用耐火材料的选择与应用[J],耐火材料,2002,36(4)224-225,228.
[20]师金红,陈伟庆,张昧茗等.AOD炉渣熔化温度的实验研究[J],中国冶金.2007,12(17).
[21]池和冰,邵世杰,李冬刚.AOD炉全铁水冶炼铁素体不锈钢工艺研究[J],宝钢技术.2008,2.
[22]吴燕萍.AOD炉设备及工艺设计特点[J],钢铁技术,2007,1.
[23]陆斌,李冬刚,池和冰,等.AOD炉氧化期渣对镁钙质炉衬侵蚀的影响[J],特殊钢.2008,2(29).
[24]周立平.AOD炉转炉技术[J],2007,1(115).
[25]孙健,闫开宇.AOD炉转炉炉体与托圈连接技术[J].一重技术,1999,2.
[26]王如.AOD炉转炉氧枪喷头国产化研制[J].一重技术,2003,6.
[27]WANG Jiandong,GE Changchun,SHEN Weip ing.Co rro sionMechanism ofMgO 2CaO B rick for AOD Furnace.China' s Refractories,Vol.15,No.3,2006
[28]常文杰,魏季和.不锈钢AOD炉精炼的几种过程控制[J].钢上海金属.2008,1(30).
[29]兰兴华.镍的高压湿法冶金[J].世界有色金属,2002,(01).
[30]刘承志,宋青山.不锈钢AOD炉精炼工艺的改进[J].特殊钢.2004,9(5)
[31]刘闯.不锈钢AOD炉精炼工艺的应用和发展[J].特殊钢.2007,1(28)
[32]郝祥寿.不锈钢冶炼设备和工艺路线[J].特殊钢.2005,3(26).
[33]姚秋峰.含氮不锈钢在AOD炉的冶炼[J].特殊钢.2000,1.
[34]张晨.日向冶炼厂的镍铁冶炼.有色冶炼[J].特殊钢,1996.
[35]张朝霞,王建昌.太钢AOD炉炉衬长寿技术[J].耐火材料,2006,40(5):376-378
[36]王贵平,范红军.提高45 t AOD炉炉龄的工艺实践[J].特殊钢.2006,3(27):2
[37]田兰英,孙晓燕,李强.小吨位AOD炉法的工业应用效果[J].江苏冶金.1999,(2).
[38]赵美玲,李强,张静.小吨位AOD炉及工艺在铸钢生产中的应用[J].江苏冶金.2000,(2).
[39]李瑞丽,方爱民.小型氩氧混合脱碳(AOD炉)炉炼钢工艺[J].江苏冶金.2007,12(35).
[40]赵沛.炉外精炼及铁水预处理技术手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
[41]李红霞.耐火材料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.
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