川东南北部石炭系黄龙组储层地质特征及储层预测研究
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摘要
四川盆地是我国大型含油气盆地,也是我国西南部重要的天然气产出基地。川东南探区位于四川盆地川东高陡构造带和川南中低缓构造带,包括涪陵、綦江、赤水等外围区块。近年来的研究和勘探工作表明该区具有很好的天然气勘探前景,可以作为四川盆地下一步天然气勘探的战略接替区。
川东南地区储集层普遍具有低孔、低渗、横向变化大、非均质性极强的特征,具有隐蔽性、复杂性和较高的勘探难度。在储层预测时,利用单一的学科或单一的方法对其进行预测往往是很困难的。本文通过开展地震储层预测、地震多属性分析储层参数预测等工作,在地质研究的指导下对预测结果的合理性、适用性进行了分析,并对预测结果进行了合理的地质解释。最终形成一套地质与物探紧密结合,针对复杂储层的有效识别及预测方法。主要取得了以下一些成果和认识:
(1)研究区石炭系黄龙组地层与川东地区基本相似,主要为一套泻湖-潮坪相沉积,岩性主要为白云岩、针孔白云岩、角砾白云岩、灰岩、角砾灰岩等。储集空间主要为溶蚀孔隙,裂缝的发育对其影响很大。沉积相、成岩环境、构造作用是研究区储层发育的主要控制因素。
(2)本文在储层地质分析的基础上,通过地震模型正演及地震响应特征分析,讨论了地震方法对缝洞发育带的可识别性及识别原理。在工区内共识别出了4种典型异常反射结构。基于岩溶单元发育理论模型及该区沉积特征,对4种典型地震剖面反射异常地质成因解释进行了地球物理正演模拟,结果显示了与实际典型地震反射结构相吻合的地震剖面特征。
(3)运用地震属性分析技术对储层物性参数进行了预测,预测了黄龙组储集层厚度的平面展布,进行了储集层的烃类检测。并利用相干分析技术定性预测了研究区裂缝的发育情况。
(4)综合储层地质特征、储层预测、油气检测、裂缝刻画及多项储层物性参数预测的成果,并结合前人研究的工作,对研究区黄龙组储集层进行了综合评价,对黄龙组储集层的有利勘探目标区进行了预测研究。认为研究区石炭系多半储层好,但是含油气不好。对于三维工区内出现的Ⅱ、Ⅲ特殊异常反射,有可能为岩溶性储层,即指与古岩溶作用有关的油气储层,其代表了该区与古岩溶作用有关的新一类油气储层类型,是该区具有潜在勘探价值的储层发育区。
Sichuan Basin is China's major oil and gas basins. Southwestern China is also an important production base of natural gas. This exploration area is located in the southeast Sichuan Basin,with high and steep structural belt in east Sichuan and low-tectonic belt in southern Sichuan, including Fuling, Qijiang, Chishui external block, etc .The exploration area of Paleozoic gas exploration for new fields, exploration and research level low. In recent years the research and exploration work shows that the study area has good prospects for natural gas exploration, as the next step in Sichuan Basin natural gas exploration strategy to replace the area.
The reservoir in southeast area of Sichuan have characteristics of low porosity and permeability, large transversal change, strong heterogeneity, invisibility, complexity and high difficulty of exploration. We finish some work such as forecast of seismic reservoir, analyzing reservoir parameter by seismic properties etc. Guiding under the research of geology, this paper analyses the reasonableness and applicability of the prognostic result and gives reasonable explain for the result. At last, we form a suit of effective way for reservoir's recognition and forecast by combining geology with exploration. Finally, it gets the following achievements:
(1) Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in the study area are similar to Eastern Sichuan, mainly for a lagoon - tidal flat facies, lithology is mainly dolomite, pinhole dolomite, dolomite breccia, limestone and limestone breccia. The reservoir space is composed of corrosion pores, the development of cracks greatly affect the reservoir space.The major control factors of the reservoir development are sedimentary facies, diagenesis environment and tectonic process.
(2) In this article, first is geological analysis, seismic modeling and seismic response characteristics of speech analysis, Discussed Identifiable and identify the principle of Seismic methods to predicting the fractured zone. There are four typical seismic responses in reflecting structure. Based on the theoretical models of karst units developing and sedimentary characteristics in this area, the four seismic responses in reflecting structure which we mentioned above probably means four different geologic origins.
(3) Using the seismic attribute analysis technique on an estimate towards reservoir geophysics parameter, and predict reservoir thickness plane distribution of Huanglong, detection the reservoir for hydrocarbon. Application of coherent analysis technique is used to predict the fracture development in working areas.
(4) Based on analysis the reservoir Geologic characteristic, reservoir prediction and the reservoir parameter prediction results, combined with the existing data, the paper makes a comprehensive evaluation for the difference kinds reservoir of the working areas, finally, points out favourable exploration areas of Carboniferous reservoir. Appear in work area for the three-dimensionalⅡ,Ⅲspecial abnormal reflection, there may be karst reservoir, which represents the role of the new type of karst reservoir that has the value of the area of potential exploration and reservoir development area.
川东南地区储集层普遍具有低孔、低渗、横向变化大、非均质性极强的特征,具有隐蔽性、复杂性和较高的勘探难度。在储层预测时,利用单一的学科或单一的方法对其进行预测往往是很困难的。本文通过开展地震储层预测、地震多属性分析储层参数预测等工作,在地质研究的指导下对预测结果的合理性、适用性进行了分析,并对预测结果进行了合理的地质解释。最终形成一套地质与物探紧密结合,针对复杂储层的有效识别及预测方法。主要取得了以下一些成果和认识:
(1)研究区石炭系黄龙组地层与川东地区基本相似,主要为一套泻湖-潮坪相沉积,岩性主要为白云岩、针孔白云岩、角砾白云岩、灰岩、角砾灰岩等。储集空间主要为溶蚀孔隙,裂缝的发育对其影响很大。沉积相、成岩环境、构造作用是研究区储层发育的主要控制因素。
(2)本文在储层地质分析的基础上,通过地震模型正演及地震响应特征分析,讨论了地震方法对缝洞发育带的可识别性及识别原理。在工区内共识别出了4种典型异常反射结构。基于岩溶单元发育理论模型及该区沉积特征,对4种典型地震剖面反射异常地质成因解释进行了地球物理正演模拟,结果显示了与实际典型地震反射结构相吻合的地震剖面特征。
(3)运用地震属性分析技术对储层物性参数进行了预测,预测了黄龙组储集层厚度的平面展布,进行了储集层的烃类检测。并利用相干分析技术定性预测了研究区裂缝的发育情况。
(4)综合储层地质特征、储层预测、油气检测、裂缝刻画及多项储层物性参数预测的成果,并结合前人研究的工作,对研究区黄龙组储集层进行了综合评价,对黄龙组储集层的有利勘探目标区进行了预测研究。认为研究区石炭系多半储层好,但是含油气不好。对于三维工区内出现的Ⅱ、Ⅲ特殊异常反射,有可能为岩溶性储层,即指与古岩溶作用有关的油气储层,其代表了该区与古岩溶作用有关的新一类油气储层类型,是该区具有潜在勘探价值的储层发育区。
Sichuan Basin is China's major oil and gas basins. Southwestern China is also an important production base of natural gas. This exploration area is located in the southeast Sichuan Basin,with high and steep structural belt in east Sichuan and low-tectonic belt in southern Sichuan, including Fuling, Qijiang, Chishui external block, etc .The exploration area of Paleozoic gas exploration for new fields, exploration and research level low. In recent years the research and exploration work shows that the study area has good prospects for natural gas exploration, as the next step in Sichuan Basin natural gas exploration strategy to replace the area.
The reservoir in southeast area of Sichuan have characteristics of low porosity and permeability, large transversal change, strong heterogeneity, invisibility, complexity and high difficulty of exploration. We finish some work such as forecast of seismic reservoir, analyzing reservoir parameter by seismic properties etc. Guiding under the research of geology, this paper analyses the reasonableness and applicability of the prognostic result and gives reasonable explain for the result. At last, we form a suit of effective way for reservoir's recognition and forecast by combining geology with exploration. Finally, it gets the following achievements:
(1) Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in the study area are similar to Eastern Sichuan, mainly for a lagoon - tidal flat facies, lithology is mainly dolomite, pinhole dolomite, dolomite breccia, limestone and limestone breccia. The reservoir space is composed of corrosion pores, the development of cracks greatly affect the reservoir space.The major control factors of the reservoir development are sedimentary facies, diagenesis environment and tectonic process.
(2) In this article, first is geological analysis, seismic modeling and seismic response characteristics of speech analysis, Discussed Identifiable and identify the principle of Seismic methods to predicting the fractured zone. There are four typical seismic responses in reflecting structure. Based on the theoretical models of karst units developing and sedimentary characteristics in this area, the four seismic responses in reflecting structure which we mentioned above probably means four different geologic origins.
(3) Using the seismic attribute analysis technique on an estimate towards reservoir geophysics parameter, and predict reservoir thickness plane distribution of Huanglong, detection the reservoir for hydrocarbon. Application of coherent analysis technique is used to predict the fracture development in working areas.
(4) Based on analysis the reservoir Geologic characteristic, reservoir prediction and the reservoir parameter prediction results, combined with the existing data, the paper makes a comprehensive evaluation for the difference kinds reservoir of the working areas, finally, points out favourable exploration areas of Carboniferous reservoir. Appear in work area for the three-dimensionalⅡ,Ⅲspecial abnormal reflection, there may be karst reservoir, which represents the role of the new type of karst reservoir that has the value of the area of potential exploration and reservoir development area.
引文
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[2]Gluek S.Robust multi一channel stratigraphic inversion of stacked seismictraces [J].the51th EAEG Mtg,West Berlin,1989.
[3]Martinez R.D.Complex reservoir charaeterization by multiparmaeter constrained inversion[J].the SET/EAGE Researeh Workshop on Reservoir Geophysics,Dallas,Texas,1988.
[4]Carron D.,Schlumberger E.P.井中和地面地震剖面的井控地层反演[J].第58届SGE年会论文集,1989.
[5]Brae J. Inversion with a prior information; an approach to integrated stratigraphic interpretation [J]. the 58th SEG Mtg,anabeim,1988.
[6]Vest R.T.利用地质约束条件进行地震数据反演[J].第60届SGE年会论文集,1992.
[7]Philip S.S.,Shuki R,Masami H.Seismic-guided estimation of log properties,Part1:A data-driven interpretation methodology[J].The Leading Edge,1994,13(5):305-310.
[8]PhilipS.S.,Shuki R.,Masami H. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties,Part2:Using artifieial neural networks for nonlinear attribute calibration[J].The Leading Edge,1994,13(6):674一4578.
[9]PhilipS.S.,Shuki R.,Masami H. Seismic-guided estimation of log properties,Part3: A controlled study[J].The Leading Edge,1994,13(7):770一776.
[10]Brian R.,Dan H.,JimS.,John Q. Mult-attribute seismic analysis[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(10):1439一1443.
[11]Quiney C.,SteveS.Seismic attribute teehnology for reservoir forecasting and monitoring [J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):445一456.
[12]Catherine L.Seimsic attribute for reservoir monitoring [J],The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):45一469.
[13]Cynthia T.K.Potential risks when using seismic attributes as predietors of reservoir properties[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(3):247一251.
[14]Phillippe M. D. Porosity from seismic data : a geostatistical approach[J].Geophysics,1988,10(6):1263一1275.
[15]杜世通,王永刚.地震参数综合处理方法在储层横向预测中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(1):8一15.
[16]陈遵德.储层地震属性优化方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[17]杜世通.地震属性分析[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(4):19一30.
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