夏季东部海区经向热力差异对中国陆地气候变化的影响
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摘要
本文主要讨论了夏季东部海区经向热力差异对中国陆地气候变化的影响。
利用WRF模式模拟结果和FNL资料二者分辨率的差异,通过不同季节的个例模拟来反映次天气尺度系统对中国东部近海向陆地水汽输送的影响,结果表明次天气尺度系统对局地低空水平风场有较强影响,在冬季和夏季个例中使低空背景风场加强;其对水汽输送的影响有较强的季节依赖性,冬季个例中影响最显著,春季个例次之;地形对次天气尺度系统有显著的加强作用。
以黑潮海区部分海域与黄海部分海域热含量异常的差值代表我国东部海区的经向热力差异(Meridional Thermal Difference, MTD),利用NCEP资料和WRF模式模拟试验对夏季MTD的影响进行分析,发现自1979年-2006年7月份MTD有增强的趋势,在MTD较强年份,黄东海低空存在较强的东北风异常,较弱年份东海及黑潮海域有西南风异常,ω场与之有很好的对应,位势高度异常场上表现为MTD较强年份西太平洋副高偏弱。用夏季7月份MTD强度时间序列与南京7月份气温异常进行同期相关分析,发现二者之间存在着显著的负相关,即MTD较强年份南京同期气温异常偏低,主要是由于MTD较强年份产生的异常东北气流使东南地区西南夏季风减弱,而且此时西太平洋副高偏弱,造成南京气温异常偏低。MTD的增强使我国东南地区西南夏季风减弱,使纬向向东的热量、水汽输送减少,南海向高纬的热量、水汽输送也是减少的。对东部海域海温的敏感性试验和理想试验发现长江口外海域上空风场有异常东北气流,这是由于南北海域经向热力差异增大,南侧海区上升运动强烈,北侧海区存在下沉运动,根据达因补偿原理此时低空会有偏北风进行补偿,在科氏力的影响下转变为东北风。
The effect of meridional thermal difference in East Sea to the climate change of China’s Land in summer is mainly discussed in this paper.
Based on the different resolution between WRF model result and FNL data, and case simulation of different seasons, this article discussed the impact of sub-synoptic scale system to water vapor transport in East China Coast. The results show that the sub-synoptic scale system had strong influence to local wind field in the lower level. In the winter and summer case, it showed that the sub-synoptic scale system made the background wind field strengthened; The impact to water vapor transport has a strong seasonal dependence. In the winter example, the impact is the most significant, and secondly in the spring case. Sub-synoptic scale system is significantly affected by the terrain, which could strengthen the role of sub-synoptic scale system.
In this article, the difference of heat content anomaly between the Kuroshio sea area and the Yellow sea area are used to on behalf of the intensity of meridional thermal difference (MTD) in East China Coast. The study of influence of summer (mainly in July) MTD is based on the data of NCEP and WRF model. We found that the intensity of MTD has an increased trend from 1979 to 2006. In the year when MTD is stronger, there is anomaly northeast wind over the Yellow Sea; and in the year when MTD is weaker, there is anomaly southwest wind over the East China Sea, and what’s more, there is good correspondence in theωfield. And in the MTD strong year, in the anomaly Geo-potential height field, the west pacific sub-tropical high is weaker. The time series correlation analysis between the intensity of summer MTD and Nan Jing’s anomaly air temperature in July from 1979 to 2006 shows that there is a significant negative correlation between them, which means Nan Jing’s anomaly air temperature will be lower in the year when MTD is stronger. That’s because there is anomaly northeast wind over the Yellow Sea, which weaken the summer monsoon over China Southeast. And at the same time, the west pacific sub-tropical high is weaker. The enhancement of MTD in summer will weaken the southwest summer monsoon in South China and decreased the water vapor and heat transport to the East, decreased the transport to the high latitude from South China Sea. The SST sensitive test and ideal test to the East China Coast found that there exits anomaly northeast wind over Yangtze River Estuary. That because there is strong SST gradient from south area to north area, and there will be updraft in the south area and downdraft in the north area. And According to the Dyne principle of compensation, there will be northerly wind at this time, which will change into northeast wind under the effect of Coriolis force.
利用WRF模式模拟结果和FNL资料二者分辨率的差异,通过不同季节的个例模拟来反映次天气尺度系统对中国东部近海向陆地水汽输送的影响,结果表明次天气尺度系统对局地低空水平风场有较强影响,在冬季和夏季个例中使低空背景风场加强;其对水汽输送的影响有较强的季节依赖性,冬季个例中影响最显著,春季个例次之;地形对次天气尺度系统有显著的加强作用。
以黑潮海区部分海域与黄海部分海域热含量异常的差值代表我国东部海区的经向热力差异(Meridional Thermal Difference, MTD),利用NCEP资料和WRF模式模拟试验对夏季MTD的影响进行分析,发现自1979年-2006年7月份MTD有增强的趋势,在MTD较强年份,黄东海低空存在较强的东北风异常,较弱年份东海及黑潮海域有西南风异常,ω场与之有很好的对应,位势高度异常场上表现为MTD较强年份西太平洋副高偏弱。用夏季7月份MTD强度时间序列与南京7月份气温异常进行同期相关分析,发现二者之间存在着显著的负相关,即MTD较强年份南京同期气温异常偏低,主要是由于MTD较强年份产生的异常东北气流使东南地区西南夏季风减弱,而且此时西太平洋副高偏弱,造成南京气温异常偏低。MTD的增强使我国东南地区西南夏季风减弱,使纬向向东的热量、水汽输送减少,南海向高纬的热量、水汽输送也是减少的。对东部海域海温的敏感性试验和理想试验发现长江口外海域上空风场有异常东北气流,这是由于南北海域经向热力差异增大,南侧海区上升运动强烈,北侧海区存在下沉运动,根据达因补偿原理此时低空会有偏北风进行补偿,在科氏力的影响下转变为东北风。
The effect of meridional thermal difference in East Sea to the climate change of China’s Land in summer is mainly discussed in this paper.
Based on the different resolution between WRF model result and FNL data, and case simulation of different seasons, this article discussed the impact of sub-synoptic scale system to water vapor transport in East China Coast. The results show that the sub-synoptic scale system had strong influence to local wind field in the lower level. In the winter and summer case, it showed that the sub-synoptic scale system made the background wind field strengthened; The impact to water vapor transport has a strong seasonal dependence. In the winter example, the impact is the most significant, and secondly in the spring case. Sub-synoptic scale system is significantly affected by the terrain, which could strengthen the role of sub-synoptic scale system.
In this article, the difference of heat content anomaly between the Kuroshio sea area and the Yellow sea area are used to on behalf of the intensity of meridional thermal difference (MTD) in East China Coast. The study of influence of summer (mainly in July) MTD is based on the data of NCEP and WRF model. We found that the intensity of MTD has an increased trend from 1979 to 2006. In the year when MTD is stronger, there is anomaly northeast wind over the Yellow Sea; and in the year when MTD is weaker, there is anomaly southwest wind over the East China Sea, and what’s more, there is good correspondence in theωfield. And in the MTD strong year, in the anomaly Geo-potential height field, the west pacific sub-tropical high is weaker. The time series correlation analysis between the intensity of summer MTD and Nan Jing’s anomaly air temperature in July from 1979 to 2006 shows that there is a significant negative correlation between them, which means Nan Jing’s anomaly air temperature will be lower in the year when MTD is stronger. That’s because there is anomaly northeast wind over the Yellow Sea, which weaken the summer monsoon over China Southeast. And at the same time, the west pacific sub-tropical high is weaker. The enhancement of MTD in summer will weaken the southwest summer monsoon in South China and decreased the water vapor and heat transport to the East, decreased the transport to the high latitude from South China Sea. The SST sensitive test and ideal test to the East China Coast found that there exits anomaly northeast wind over Yangtze River Estuary. That because there is strong SST gradient from south area to north area, and there will be updraft in the south area and downdraft in the north area. And According to the Dyne principle of compensation, there will be northerly wind at this time, which will change into northeast wind under the effect of Coriolis force.
引文
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[2].黄荣辉,张振洲等.夏季东亚季风区水汽输送特征及其与南亚季风区水汽输送的差别.大气科学,1998,22(4): 460-469.
[3]. Zhang R H. Relations of water vapor transport from Indian monsoon with that over east Asia and the summer rainfall in China. Adv Atmos Sci, 2001,18:1005-1017.
[4]. G.A.Meehl, R. Lukas and G.N.Kiladis.A Conceptual Framework For Time and Space Scale Interactions in the Climate System.Climate Dynamics (2001)17:753-775.
[5]. Anthony R.Lupo and Phillip J.Smith .Planetary and Synoptic-scale interactions during the life cycle of a mid-latitude blocking anticyclone over the North Atlantic.Tellus.1995, 47A, 575-596.
[6]. G.J.Holland .Scale Interaction in the Western Pacific Monsoon.Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics.1995, 56, 57-79.
[7]. B.Shyamala and C.V.V.Bhadram.Impact of mesoscale-synoptic scale interactions on the Mumbai historical rain event during 26-27 July 2005.CURRENT SCIENCE. 2006, 25, 91(12):1649-1654.
[8].高守亭、赵思雄、周晓平等.次天气尺度与中尺度暴雨间相互作用研究综述,江西气象科技。2002,8,25(3):14-18.
[9].刘敦训,郝家学.“8·11”暴雨过程中天气尺度与次天气尺度系统的相互作用.山东气象.2000,3(1):43-46.
[10].赵永平,陈永利,翁学传.中纬度海气相互作用研究进展.地球科学进展, 1997, 12(1): 32—36.
[11].李峰,何立富.长江中下游地区夏季旱涝年际、年代际变化的可能成因研究.应用气象学报,2002,13(6):718~726.
[12].吴志伟等.近50年华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨和华北雨季旱涝特征对比分析.大气科学,2006,30(3):391-401.
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