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南京市苗木根际寄生线虫种类及种群季节动态
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摘要
本研究通过对从南京尧化门、江苏省林业科学研究院和南京汤泉镇苗圃地40种苗木根际采集的315份土壤样品分离到的根际寄生线虫进行系统的分类鉴定研究,共鉴定出苗木根际寄生线虫4目10科13属22种,其中包括18个已知种和4个未定种。分别为:普通丝尾垫刃线虫Filenchus vulgaris、香港丝尾垫刃线虫F. hongkongensis、莫氏野外垫刃线虫Aglenchus muktii、冬天巴兹尔线虫Basiria hiberna、三形茎线虫Ditylenchus triformis、长母体茎线虫D. longimatricalis、厚尾矮化线虫Tylenchorhynchus crassicaudatus、拟裸露矮化线虫T. paranudus、咖啡短体线虫Pratylenchus coffeae、伤残短体线虫P. vulnus、双宫螺旋线虫Helicotylenchus dihystera、假强壮螺旋线虫H. pseudorobustus、肾形肾状线虫Rotylenchulus reniformis、紧鞘半轮线虫Hemicriconemoides sricthecatus、燕麦真滑刃线虫Aphelenchus avenae、内卷滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides involutus、美洲剑线虫Xiphinema americanum、标明剑线虫X. insigue、丝尾垫刃属线虫未定种1F.sp1.、丝尾垫刃属线虫未定种2 F sp2.、滑刃属线虫未定种Aphelenchoides sp和拟毛刺属线虫未定种Paratrichodorus sp.。
     其中,冬天巴兹尔线虫为中国新纪录种。香港丝尾垫刃线虫、莫氏野外垫刃线虫、三形茎线虫、长母体茎线虫、厚尾矮化线虫、拟裸露矮化线虫、肾形肾状线虫、紧鞘半轮线虫、燕麦真滑刃线虫和内卷滑刃线虫共10种线虫为江苏省新纪录种。在雪松、广玉兰、龙爪槐、桂花、红叶石楠、金叶女贞、银边卫矛、小叶十大功劳、紫玉兰、女贞、棕榈、羽毛枫、红枫、鸡爪槭、白玉兰、红花继木、红椿、银露梅、红豆、卫矛、毛杜英、浙江楠、红楠、赤楠、七叶树、大叶油樟、珙桐、秤锤树、南方红豆杉、蓝果树、桃叶石楠、法国冬青、蜀桧、瓜子黄杨、罗汉松、梅花、红果栒子、美国皂荚、厚皮香和香果树共40种寄主植物中,普通丝尾垫刃线虫和燕麦真滑刃线虫的新寄主为25种,厚尾矮化线虫的新寄主为14种,双宫螺旋线虫的新寄主为13种,内卷滑刃线虫和美洲剑线虫的新寄主为10种,假强壮螺旋线虫的新寄主为8种,莫氏野外垫刃线虫和拟裸露矮化线虫的新寄主为4种,冬天巴兹尔线虫的新寄主为3种,咖啡短体线虫、伤残短体线虫、肾形肾状线虫和标明剑线虫的新寄主为2种,香港丝尾垫刃线虫、三形茎线虫、长母体茎线虫和紧鞘半轮线虫共4种线虫的新寄主为1种。
     生态学方面,于2009年10月22日、2010年1月7日、2010年4月22日和2010年7月7日在江苏省林业科学研究院苗圃地采集19种苗木根际土壤,每三个月左右采1次样,共4次,采集土壤样品228份。通过对所采集土壤样品中的寄生线虫进行计数,并对全年土壤样品中各线虫种群数量的动态变化进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明,不同苗木根际寄生线虫种群数量在一年中随时间变化发生明显的波动,且在不同的树种中季节波动规律不同,线虫密度最大值可能出现在春、夏或秋季之中的一个或两个季节,线虫密度最小值一般出现在冬季。
315 soil samples of 40 species plant seedlings were collected and investigated in Nanjing Yaohuamen, Jiangsu Academy of Forestry and Tangquan town.22 species of rhizosphere parasitic nematodes of plant seedlings were observed and identified, including 18 known species and 4 unknown species, involved in 13 genus,10 families and 4 orders. These species are Filenchus vulgaris, F. hongkongensis, Aglenchus muktii, Basiria hiberna, Ditylenchus triformis, D. longimatricalis, Tylenchorhynchus crassicaudatus, T. paranudus, Pratylenchus coffeae, P. vulnus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. pseudorobustus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Hemicriconemoides sricthecatus, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides involutus, Xiphinema americanum, X. insigue, Filenchus sp1., Filenchus sp2., Aphelenchoides sp., Paratrichodorus sp..
     B. hiberna was a new recorded species in China, and F. hongkongensis, Aglenchus muktii, D. triformis, D. longimatricalis, T. crassicaudatus, T. paranudus, R. reniformis, Hemicriconemoides sricthecatus, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides involutus were 10 new recorded species in Jiangsu province. Among the 40 species of host plants, i. e., Cedrus deodara, Magnolia grandiflora, Sophora japonica var. pendula, Osmanthus fragrans, Photinia serrulata, Ligustrum vicaryi cv. Aureomarginatum, Euonymus japonicus, Mahonia microphylla, Magnolia liliflora, Ligustrum lucidum, Trachycarpus fortunei, Acer palmatum cv. Dissectum, Acer palmatum cv. Atropurpureum, Acer palmatum, Magnolia denudate, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, Toona ciliata, Pltentilla glabra, Ormosia hosiei, Euonymus alatus, Elaeocarpus howii, Phoebe chekiangensis, Machilus thunbergii, Syzygium buxifolium, Aesculus chinensis, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, Davidia involucrata, Sinojackia xylocarpa, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Nyssa sinensis, Photinia prunifolia, Viburnum odoratissimum, Sabina komarovii, Buxus microphylla, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Prunus mume, Cotoneaster horizontalis, Gleditsia triacanthos, Ternstroemia gymnanthera and Emmenopterys henryi,25 species were new hosts of F. vulgaris and Aphelenchus avenae,14 species were new hosts of T. crassicaudatus,13 species were new hosts of Helicotylenchus dihystera,10 species were new hosts of Aphelenchoides involutus and X. americanum,8 species were new hosts of Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus,4 species were new hosts of Aglenchus muktii and T. paranudus,3 species were new hosts of B. hiberna,2 species were new hosts of P. coffeae, P. vulnus, R. reniformis and X. insigue, one species was new hosts of F. hongkongensis, D. triformis, D. longimatricalis and Hemicriconemoides sricthecatus.
     On the aspects of ecology,228 soil samples of 19 species plant seedlings were collected and investigated every 3 months from Oct.,2009 to Jul.,2010 in Jiangsu Academy of Forestry. The population density of parasitic nematodes were examined in soil samples. Analysis on seasonal dynamics of nematodes showed that different species had distinct and different trends of the seasonal dynamics in soil. And the rhizosphere parasitic nematodes of different plant seedlings appeared distinct and different seasonal dynamics. The maximum population density of parasitic nematodes maybe appeared in one or two seasons of spring, summer and autumn, while the minimum value always appeared in winter.
引文
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