夏、秋季黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落生态学研究
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摘要
本研究利用2009年夏季(7月)和2010年秋季(9月)两个航次在黄河口及其邻近海域使用浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网所采集的浮游动物样品,研究了该水域的中小型浮游动物的种类组成、丰度和优势种,分析了该海域中小型浮游动物的群落结构和生物多样性。本研究旨在较全面地了解黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落结构,并探讨了浮游动物群落与环境因子间的关系。
研究结果显示,黄河口及其邻近海域夏、秋季两个航次共鉴定各类浮游动物60种、浮游幼虫27类,合计种类87种。其中,浮游动物成体分别隶属于原生动物门、刺胞动物门、栉水母动物门、脊索动物门、节肢动物门和毛颚动物门共6个门。甲壳动物和刺胞动物为浮游动物的主要类群,其中浮游甲壳动物的种类数量占到总种类数的一半以上,桡足类为浮游甲壳动物的主要类群。
调查海域夏季中小型浮游动物的丰度波动范围为1158.3-131223.2 ind/m3,平均丰度为50839.3 ind/m3,呈现出调查海域中部和北部丰度高,近岸和莱州湾内丰度低的趋势。调查海域秋季中小型浮游动物的丰度波动范围为2300.1- 266232.0 ind/m3,平均丰度为37074.3 ind/m3,呈现出调查海域南部和北部高,中间低的趋势。
夏季,调查海域优势种共9种,分别为强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体和双壳类幼体,小拟哲水蚤为最主要优势种。秋季,调查海域优势种共8种,分别为强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体、腹足类幼体、双壳类幼体和夜光虫,夜光虫为最主要优势种,其丰度占到秋季调查浮游动物总丰度的61.0%。
夏季,调查海域的中小型浮游动物可以划分为3个组群,组群GS1位于黄河口北岸沿海,优势种有强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、双壳类幼体和拟铃虫;组群GS2位于黄河口向外延伸的区域,优势种有强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体、腹足类幼体和双壳类幼体;组群GS3位于黄河口北岸沿海,此组群包括两个站位,仅在夏季调查中出现,优势种有强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤和双壳类幼体。秋季,调查海域中小型浮游动物可以划分为4个组群,组群GA1与夏季调查组群GS1区域相同,优势种包括夜光虫、强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、双壳类幼体;夏季组群GS2所在海域在秋季分为GA3和GA2两个组群,组群GA2位于黄河口附近,优势种包括夜光虫、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、桡足类无节幼体和双壳类幼体;组群GA3分布在组群GA2外围海域,优势种包括夜光虫、巴拿马网纹虫、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、强壮箭虫、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体、腹足类幼体、双壳类幼体;组群GA4位于莱州湾内,优势种包括夜光虫、强额拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤和桡足类无节幼虫。四个群落共有优势种为夜光虫和背针胸刺水蚤。
夏季,调查海域中小型浮游动物的香农-威纳指数平均值为2.72,均匀度平均值为0.55,香农-威纳指数和均匀度呈现出调查区域中心低向周围逐渐升高的趋势;丰富度平均值为2.97,呈现由近岸向外海逐渐升高的趋势。秋季调查海区的中小型浮游动物香农-威纳指数平均值为2.49,均匀度平均值为0.51,其数值在黄河口附近和调查区域东北部较高;丰富度平均值为2.80,其数值在调查区域南部和东北部较高。
Zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors were studied by means of multi-variable and bio-environmental analysis based on the samples collected in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent area during two survey cruises conducted separately in summer (Jul. 2009) and autumn (Sep.2010) The research can provide important fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the study area.
A total of 60 zooplankton taxa and 27 pelagic larvae were identified during two surveys, and they belonge to Protozoa, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Chordata, Arthropoda and Chaetognatha. Crustacea and Cnidaria were the most abundant two components of the zooplankton. The species number of pelagic crustacean represented above 50% of total species richness and copepods were the most dominant crustacean in the study area.
During summer, the abundance of zooplankton is from 1158.3 -131223.2 ind/m3, the mean abundance value of zooplankton is 50839.3 ind/m3. The abundance in the middle and northern survey area is higher than that in inshore of Yellow River Estuary and in Laizhou Bay. In autumn, the abundance of zooplankton is from 2300.1-266232.0 ind/m3, the main abundance of zooplankton is 37074.3 ind/m3 .The abundance in southern and northern area is higher than that in the middle area.
In summer survey, there are 9 dominant species in the survey area, they are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalaus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis, Oithona similis, Corycaeus affinis, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae and Brivial larvae, Paracalanus parvus is the most dominant specie in summer. In autumn survey, there are 8 dominant species in the survey area, they are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae, Gastropod post larve, Brival larvae and Noctiluca scintillans, Noctiluca scintillans is the most dominant specie in autumn, and its abundance is more than 61.0% of mean abundance of all meso- and micro-zooplankton.
In summer, based on the abundance of each species in each station, 3 groups are distinguished by the CLUSTER analysis using PRIMER 6.1 software. Group GS1 is located at the inshore of the north shore of the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus pavus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis, Oithona similis, Oikopleura dioica, Brivial larvae and Tintinnopsis spp; Group GS2 is located out of the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species contents Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis, Oithona similis, Corycaeus affinis, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae, Gastropod post larvae and Brivial larvae; Group GS3 is located at the inshore of the south shore of the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species in this group are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis and Brivial larvae, the GS3 contents 2 stations is exist only in the summer survey but not in autumn. In autumn, there are 4 groups in the survey area. Group GA1 is at the same location as GS1, the dominant species in this group are Noctiluca scintillans, Favella panamensis, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Sagitta crassa, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae, Gastropod post lava and Brivial larvae; The summer group GS2 is distinguished into two groups GA3 and GA2 in autumn, GA2 is adjacent to the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species are Noctiluca scintillans, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oithona brevicornis, Sagitta crassa, Nauplius larvae and Brivial larvae; GA3 is at the periphery of GA2, it dominant species contents Noctiluca scintillans, Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oithona similis, Oikopleura dioica and Brivial larvae; Group GA4 is located in the Laizhou Bay, the dominant species are Nocatiluca scientillans, Paracalanus crassirostris, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oithona brevicornis and Nauplius larvae. The common dominant species in all of the 4 groups are Noctiluca scientilla and Centropages dorsispinatus.
In summer, the mean Shannon-Weaner Diversity and Pielou′s evenness are 2.72 and 0.55, which are higher in the ground than in the center, the mean Margalef species richness is 2.97, which is higher in the inshore than in the offshore. In autumn, the mean Shannon-Weaner Diversity and Pielou′s evenness are 2.49 and 0.51, which are higher at the Yellow River estuary and the northeast of the survey area, the mean Margalef species richness is 2.80, which is higher at the southern and the northern east area.
研究结果显示,黄河口及其邻近海域夏、秋季两个航次共鉴定各类浮游动物60种、浮游幼虫27类,合计种类87种。其中,浮游动物成体分别隶属于原生动物门、刺胞动物门、栉水母动物门、脊索动物门、节肢动物门和毛颚动物门共6个门。甲壳动物和刺胞动物为浮游动物的主要类群,其中浮游甲壳动物的种类数量占到总种类数的一半以上,桡足类为浮游甲壳动物的主要类群。
调查海域夏季中小型浮游动物的丰度波动范围为1158.3-131223.2 ind/m3,平均丰度为50839.3 ind/m3,呈现出调查海域中部和北部丰度高,近岸和莱州湾内丰度低的趋势。调查海域秋季中小型浮游动物的丰度波动范围为2300.1- 266232.0 ind/m3,平均丰度为37074.3 ind/m3,呈现出调查海域南部和北部高,中间低的趋势。
夏季,调查海域优势种共9种,分别为强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体和双壳类幼体,小拟哲水蚤为最主要优势种。秋季,调查海域优势种共8种,分别为强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体、腹足类幼体、双壳类幼体和夜光虫,夜光虫为最主要优势种,其丰度占到秋季调查浮游动物总丰度的61.0%。
夏季,调查海域的中小型浮游动物可以划分为3个组群,组群GS1位于黄河口北岸沿海,优势种有强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、双壳类幼体和拟铃虫;组群GS2位于黄河口向外延伸的区域,优势种有强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体、腹足类幼体和双壳类幼体;组群GS3位于黄河口北岸沿海,此组群包括两个站位,仅在夏季调查中出现,优势种有强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、双刺纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤和双壳类幼体。秋季,调查海域中小型浮游动物可以划分为4个组群,组群GA1与夏季调查组群GS1区域相同,优势种包括夜光虫、强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、异体住囊虫、双壳类幼体;夏季组群GS2所在海域在秋季分为GA3和GA2两个组群,组群GA2位于黄河口附近,优势种包括夜光虫、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、强壮箭虫、桡足类无节幼体和双壳类幼体;组群GA3分布在组群GA2外围海域,优势种包括夜光虫、巴拿马网纹虫、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、强壮箭虫、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼体、腹足类幼体、双壳类幼体;组群GA4位于莱州湾内,优势种包括夜光虫、强额拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤和桡足类无节幼虫。四个群落共有优势种为夜光虫和背针胸刺水蚤。
夏季,调查海域中小型浮游动物的香农-威纳指数平均值为2.72,均匀度平均值为0.55,香农-威纳指数和均匀度呈现出调查区域中心低向周围逐渐升高的趋势;丰富度平均值为2.97,呈现由近岸向外海逐渐升高的趋势。秋季调查海区的中小型浮游动物香农-威纳指数平均值为2.49,均匀度平均值为0.51,其数值在黄河口附近和调查区域东北部较高;丰富度平均值为2.80,其数值在调查区域南部和东北部较高。
Zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors were studied by means of multi-variable and bio-environmental analysis based on the samples collected in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent area during two survey cruises conducted separately in summer (Jul. 2009) and autumn (Sep.2010) The research can provide important fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the study area.
A total of 60 zooplankton taxa and 27 pelagic larvae were identified during two surveys, and they belonge to Protozoa, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Chordata, Arthropoda and Chaetognatha. Crustacea and Cnidaria were the most abundant two components of the zooplankton. The species number of pelagic crustacean represented above 50% of total species richness and copepods were the most dominant crustacean in the study area.
During summer, the abundance of zooplankton is from 1158.3 -131223.2 ind/m3, the mean abundance value of zooplankton is 50839.3 ind/m3. The abundance in the middle and northern survey area is higher than that in inshore of Yellow River Estuary and in Laizhou Bay. In autumn, the abundance of zooplankton is from 2300.1-266232.0 ind/m3, the main abundance of zooplankton is 37074.3 ind/m3 .The abundance in southern and northern area is higher than that in the middle area.
In summer survey, there are 9 dominant species in the survey area, they are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalaus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis, Oithona similis, Corycaeus affinis, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae and Brivial larvae, Paracalanus parvus is the most dominant specie in summer. In autumn survey, there are 8 dominant species in the survey area, they are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae, Gastropod post larve, Brival larvae and Noctiluca scintillans, Noctiluca scintillans is the most dominant specie in autumn, and its abundance is more than 61.0% of mean abundance of all meso- and micro-zooplankton.
In summer, based on the abundance of each species in each station, 3 groups are distinguished by the CLUSTER analysis using PRIMER 6.1 software. Group GS1 is located at the inshore of the north shore of the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus pavus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis, Oithona similis, Oikopleura dioica, Brivial larvae and Tintinnopsis spp; Group GS2 is located out of the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species contents Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis, Oithona similis, Corycaeus affinis, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae, Gastropod post larvae and Brivial larvae; Group GS3 is located at the inshore of the south shore of the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species in this group are Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, Oithona brevicornis and Brivial larvae, the GS3 contents 2 stations is exist only in the summer survey but not in autumn. In autumn, there are 4 groups in the survey area. Group GA1 is at the same location as GS1, the dominant species in this group are Noctiluca scintillans, Favella panamensis, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Sagitta crassa, Oikopleura dioica, Nauplius larvae, Gastropod post lava and Brivial larvae; The summer group GS2 is distinguished into two groups GA3 and GA2 in autumn, GA2 is adjacent to the Yellow River estuary, the dominant species are Noctiluca scintillans, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oithona brevicornis, Sagitta crassa, Nauplius larvae and Brivial larvae; GA3 is at the periphery of GA2, it dominant species contents Noctiluca scintillans, Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus parvus, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oithona similis, Oikopleura dioica and Brivial larvae; Group GA4 is located in the Laizhou Bay, the dominant species are Nocatiluca scientillans, Paracalanus crassirostris, Centropages dorsispinatus, Oithona brevicornis and Nauplius larvae. The common dominant species in all of the 4 groups are Noctiluca scientilla and Centropages dorsispinatus.
In summer, the mean Shannon-Weaner Diversity and Pielou′s evenness are 2.72 and 0.55, which are higher in the ground than in the center, the mean Margalef species richness is 2.97, which is higher in the inshore than in the offshore. In autumn, the mean Shannon-Weaner Diversity and Pielou′s evenness are 2.49 and 0.51, which are higher at the Yellow River estuary and the northeast of the survey area, the mean Margalef species richness is 2.80, which is higher at the southern and the northern east area.
引文
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