新型水闸在水利工程中的应用研究
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摘要
随着我国国力的增强,国民经济水平的持续发展,水利工程的建设规模也增大,工程设计的自主创新要求更加强烈。引河、沿湖河口及港口等建筑物既要满足防洪、排涝、引水的要求,又要满足各种船只通航条件,同时还要有利于工程的抗震防震要求,这已成为一项新的课题。
在各类水利水电工程建设中,修建各种类型的水闸是必不可少的,近年来,随着胶东调水工程、南水北调工程等国家大型调水工程的相继开工建设,水工金属结构专业中的“水利闸门工程”逐渐成为水利工程中重要的组成部分。在水利工程中,闸门数量已占到了全部水利工程的80%左右,水闸成为水利水电枢纽水库调节流量、电站运行、通航、及其它控制功能的关键设施。
目前,国内的水闸设计方面的理论已发展得较为完善,也形成较完善的理论体系,为水利闸门体系的建立奠定了坚实基础。国家明确提出”水利是国民经济的基础产业”,由此可见水利工程建设的重要性和必要性。水闸是水利工程的关键组成部分,尤其是各类型水闸的设计、制造与安装质量及使用寿命,不仅关系枢纽工程的正常运行和经济效益的发挥,还影响到整个工程的安全。
本文总结了目前比较实用的计算方法,结合一些工程实例,通过对沂沭泗河洪水东调南下续建工程南四湖湖东堤水闸规划,河道流域内在需满足防洪、通航要求条件下,各种类型的水闸在南四湖湖东堤工程中的方案比较,利用各种荷载组合情况下的计算结果,选出最合适的异形门槽双扉门优化设计,阐述其应用优势,提出建设性的意见,这对今后的水利工程中的金属结构设计有着很大的实际意义。
With the improvement of the nation power and the sustainable development of the national economy level, the constructive scale of water conservancy project is growing increasingly, and the requirement of self-dependant innovation is more and more important during the design of water conservancy. Buildings near channels, rivers, lakes and ports should not only satisfy those requirements of controlling the flood, keeping drainage, easing water, but also meet a variety of vessel traffic conditions, at the same time they will help projects to take precautions against earthquake. This has become a new topic.
In all kinds of water and hydropower works constructions, various types of water-gates often need to be built. In recent years, with the start of some constructions like the water diversion project in Jiaodong, the Water Diversion Project and other large-scale water diversion projects of our country, professional hydraulic metal structure which belongs to the "water-gate project" has become an important part of the water project. In water conservancy projects, water-gates'number has accounted for about 80% of all the water projects, water gate has become a critical facility for reservoirs of water conservancy and hydropower to regulate the flow of power, navigations, and other control functions.
Currently, the theories on water-gates have got a perfect development, they have formed a more complete theoretical system, which have laid a solid foundation for the theoretical system on water-gate buildings. Our state has proposed explicitly that water conservancy is the foundational industry of the national economy. So the construction of water conservancy is important and necessary. Water-gate is one of the important components in water projects. Especially the design of different kinds of water-gates, the fabrications, the qualification of installation and the working life influence not only the correct stir, the economic, but also the security of the project.
This article summarizes the current calculation methods being more practical and combines with some engineering practice. Through the planning of the water-gate on the east embankment of Nansi river, a project after the water transfer project (river basin should satisfy the requirement of flood control and navigation), and the comparison of various types of water-gates in NanSi River on the east embankment, as well as the calculated results of different situations of load combination, we choose the most suitable abnormity gate with two leafs, tell its advantages, and put forward constructive comments, which have great practical meanings to the metal structures' construction in the future.
在各类水利水电工程建设中,修建各种类型的水闸是必不可少的,近年来,随着胶东调水工程、南水北调工程等国家大型调水工程的相继开工建设,水工金属结构专业中的“水利闸门工程”逐渐成为水利工程中重要的组成部分。在水利工程中,闸门数量已占到了全部水利工程的80%左右,水闸成为水利水电枢纽水库调节流量、电站运行、通航、及其它控制功能的关键设施。
目前,国内的水闸设计方面的理论已发展得较为完善,也形成较完善的理论体系,为水利闸门体系的建立奠定了坚实基础。国家明确提出”水利是国民经济的基础产业”,由此可见水利工程建设的重要性和必要性。水闸是水利工程的关键组成部分,尤其是各类型水闸的设计、制造与安装质量及使用寿命,不仅关系枢纽工程的正常运行和经济效益的发挥,还影响到整个工程的安全。
本文总结了目前比较实用的计算方法,结合一些工程实例,通过对沂沭泗河洪水东调南下续建工程南四湖湖东堤水闸规划,河道流域内在需满足防洪、通航要求条件下,各种类型的水闸在南四湖湖东堤工程中的方案比较,利用各种荷载组合情况下的计算结果,选出最合适的异形门槽双扉门优化设计,阐述其应用优势,提出建设性的意见,这对今后的水利工程中的金属结构设计有着很大的实际意义。
With the improvement of the nation power and the sustainable development of the national economy level, the constructive scale of water conservancy project is growing increasingly, and the requirement of self-dependant innovation is more and more important during the design of water conservancy. Buildings near channels, rivers, lakes and ports should not only satisfy those requirements of controlling the flood, keeping drainage, easing water, but also meet a variety of vessel traffic conditions, at the same time they will help projects to take precautions against earthquake. This has become a new topic.
In all kinds of water and hydropower works constructions, various types of water-gates often need to be built. In recent years, with the start of some constructions like the water diversion project in Jiaodong, the Water Diversion Project and other large-scale water diversion projects of our country, professional hydraulic metal structure which belongs to the "water-gate project" has become an important part of the water project. In water conservancy projects, water-gates'number has accounted for about 80% of all the water projects, water gate has become a critical facility for reservoirs of water conservancy and hydropower to regulate the flow of power, navigations, and other control functions.
Currently, the theories on water-gates have got a perfect development, they have formed a more complete theoretical system, which have laid a solid foundation for the theoretical system on water-gate buildings. Our state has proposed explicitly that water conservancy is the foundational industry of the national economy. So the construction of water conservancy is important and necessary. Water-gate is one of the important components in water projects. Especially the design of different kinds of water-gates, the fabrications, the qualification of installation and the working life influence not only the correct stir, the economic, but also the security of the project.
This article summarizes the current calculation methods being more practical and combines with some engineering practice. Through the planning of the water-gate on the east embankment of Nansi river, a project after the water transfer project (river basin should satisfy the requirement of flood control and navigation), and the comparison of various types of water-gates in NanSi River on the east embankment, as well as the calculated results of different situations of load combination, we choose the most suitable abnormity gate with two leafs, tell its advantages, and put forward constructive comments, which have great practical meanings to the metal structures' construction in the future.
引文
[1]水工钢结构北京中国水利水电出版社2006
[2]水工金属结构北京中国工业出版社1961
[3]水工钢闸门设计北京水利出版社1980
[4]《水利水电工程钢闸门设计规范》(SL74-95)
[5]《水电水利工程钢闸门制造安装及验收规范》(DL/T5018—2004)
[6]《机械设计手册》(第一卷~第五卷)
[7]《水工金属结构防腐蚀规范》SL105-95
[8]《现代钢结构工程施工》
[9]《最新钢结构设计实用手册》
[10]《水利科技信息汇刊》
[11]《实用防腐蚀工程施工手册》
[12]涂启明船闸的总体设计与图例人民交通出版社1990
[13]水电站机电设计手册水利电力出版社1986
[14]工程力学与工程结构北京人民教育出版社1976
[15]贾永明双扉门的设计金属结构1996
[16]钢结构北京中国建筑工业出版社1989
[17]朱家钰等专业英语煤炭工业出版社1990.5
[18]周忠谟 易杰军周琪GPS测量原理与应用[M]北京1999
[19]贾永红计算机图像处理与分析武汉大学出版社2001.9
[20]王世夏水工设计的理论和方法中国水利水电出版社2007.7
[21]施熙灿水利工程经济中国水利水电出版社1997
[22]龚晓南高等土力学浙江大学出版社1996.8
[23]蔡正坤,瞿尔仁闸门与启闭机水利电力出版社1988
[24]宋宏启闸门与启闭机的安装水利电力出版社1984
[25]金泰来高坝闸门总体布置科学出版社1994
[26]毛昶熙 闸坝工程水力学与设计管理水利电力出版社1995
[27]王守强钢闸门喷涂锌防腐蚀水利电力出版社1988
[28]杨兆福 水工金属结构水利电力出版社1989
[29]郑惠强金属结构 同济大学出版社 1996
[30]张锡璋等金属结构 中国建筑工业出版社1998
[31]水工机械技术2008年论文集 中国水利水电出版社2008
[32]Baidar Bakht, Analysis of some skew bridges as right bridges. J. Struct. Eng.,Vol.114, No.2, PP.2307,1986
[33]Bishara, Alfred G., Maria Chuan liu. Wheel load distribution on simply supported skew I-beam composite bridges. J. Struct. Eng.,Vol. 119, No.2,1993
[34]公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTGD62-2004).北京：人民交通出版社.2004
[35]山东段南水北调东线第一期工程初步设计研究报告.山东省水利勘测设计院,2007
[36]山东省胶东地区引黄调水工程施工图设计.山东省水利勘测设计院,2005
[37]交通部颁公路工程技术标准(JTJ001- 97)[S]1北京：人民交通出版社
[38]交通部颁公路路线设计规范(JTJ011- 94)[S]1北京：人民交通出版社
[39]黄雪冬,王身高,赵海燕.基于道路集成CAD系统坐标高程计算[J].交通与计算机,2000,(06)
[40]MIDAS/Civil structural engineering system 01.Getting Started δ Tutorials, 02.Analysis for Civil Structures,03.Advanced Applications
[41]Collins M. P., Mitchell. D.. Prestressed concrete structures[M], Pretice-Hall, Inc,1991
[42]Ramaswamy G. S.. Modern Prestressed concrete Design[M]. Pitman publishing Ltd,1976
[43]Jiayongming,renshujuan,liudonghai. Optimum design and Research on large-span Double Suspension Hoist[J], EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY,2008
[44]何文娟等.江垭水电站泄洪闸门静、动力原型观测研究[J].水工机械,2005,
[45]张志强、张黎阳等.大型叠梁门、事故检修门的加工[J].水工机械,2007,10
[46]曹晓丽、吴杰芳等.锦屏一级水电站大坝深孔闸门激流震动水弹性模型研究 [J].水工机械,2007,11
[47]李现臣.焊接残余应力磁弹性法测试技术[J].水工机械,2006,1
[48]孙鲁安.弧门开度与启闭机行程的函数关系推导[J].水工机械,2007,3
[49]林同炎,S.D.斯多台斯伯利著,高立人,方鄂华,钱家茹译.结构概念和体系.中国建筑工业出版社,1999;
[50]赵国藩.工程结构可靠性理论与引用.辽宁：大连理工大学出版社,1996
[51]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[52]陈惠发著,余天庆,王勋文译.土木工程材料的本构方程(第一卷弹性与建模)[M].华中科技大学出版社,2001
[2]水工金属结构北京中国工业出版社1961
[3]水工钢闸门设计北京水利出版社1980
[4]《水利水电工程钢闸门设计规范》(SL74-95)
[5]《水电水利工程钢闸门制造安装及验收规范》(DL/T5018—2004)
[6]《机械设计手册》(第一卷~第五卷)
[7]《水工金属结构防腐蚀规范》SL105-95
[8]《现代钢结构工程施工》
[9]《最新钢结构设计实用手册》
[10]《水利科技信息汇刊》
[11]《实用防腐蚀工程施工手册》
[12]涂启明船闸的总体设计与图例人民交通出版社1990
[13]水电站机电设计手册水利电力出版社1986
[14]工程力学与工程结构北京人民教育出版社1976
[15]贾永明双扉门的设计金属结构1996
[16]钢结构北京中国建筑工业出版社1989
[17]朱家钰等专业英语煤炭工业出版社1990.5
[18]周忠谟 易杰军周琪GPS测量原理与应用[M]北京1999
[19]贾永红计算机图像处理与分析武汉大学出版社2001.9
[20]王世夏水工设计的理论和方法中国水利水电出版社2007.7
[21]施熙灿水利工程经济中国水利水电出版社1997
[22]龚晓南高等土力学浙江大学出版社1996.8
[23]蔡正坤,瞿尔仁闸门与启闭机水利电力出版社1988
[24]宋宏启闸门与启闭机的安装水利电力出版社1984
[25]金泰来高坝闸门总体布置科学出版社1994
[26]毛昶熙 闸坝工程水力学与设计管理水利电力出版社1995
[27]王守强钢闸门喷涂锌防腐蚀水利电力出版社1988
[28]杨兆福 水工金属结构水利电力出版社1989
[29]郑惠强金属结构 同济大学出版社 1996
[30]张锡璋等金属结构 中国建筑工业出版社1998
[31]水工机械技术2008年论文集 中国水利水电出版社2008
[32]Baidar Bakht, Analysis of some skew bridges as right bridges. J. Struct. Eng.,Vol.114, No.2, PP.2307,1986
[33]Bishara, Alfred G., Maria Chuan liu. Wheel load distribution on simply supported skew I-beam composite bridges. J. Struct. Eng.,Vol. 119, No.2,1993
[34]公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTGD62-2004).北京：人民交通出版社.2004
[35]山东段南水北调东线第一期工程初步设计研究报告.山东省水利勘测设计院,2007
[36]山东省胶东地区引黄调水工程施工图设计.山东省水利勘测设计院,2005
[37]交通部颁公路工程技术标准(JTJ001- 97)[S]1北京：人民交通出版社
[38]交通部颁公路路线设计规范(JTJ011- 94)[S]1北京：人民交通出版社
[39]黄雪冬,王身高,赵海燕.基于道路集成CAD系统坐标高程计算[J].交通与计算机,2000,(06)
[40]MIDAS/Civil structural engineering system 01.Getting Started δ Tutorials, 02.Analysis for Civil Structures,03.Advanced Applications
[41]Collins M. P., Mitchell. D.. Prestressed concrete structures[M], Pretice-Hall, Inc,1991
[42]Ramaswamy G. S.. Modern Prestressed concrete Design[M]. Pitman publishing Ltd,1976
[43]Jiayongming,renshujuan,liudonghai. Optimum design and Research on large-span Double Suspension Hoist[J], EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY,2008
[44]何文娟等.江垭水电站泄洪闸门静、动力原型观测研究[J].水工机械,2005,
[45]张志强、张黎阳等.大型叠梁门、事故检修门的加工[J].水工机械,2007,10
[46]曹晓丽、吴杰芳等.锦屏一级水电站大坝深孔闸门激流震动水弹性模型研究 [J].水工机械,2007,11
[47]李现臣.焊接残余应力磁弹性法测试技术[J].水工机械,2006,1
[48]孙鲁安.弧门开度与启闭机行程的函数关系推导[J].水工机械,2007,3
[49]林同炎,S.D.斯多台斯伯利著,高立人,方鄂华,钱家茹译.结构概念和体系.中国建筑工业出版社,1999;
[50]赵国藩.工程结构可靠性理论与引用.辽宁：大连理工大学出版社,1996
[51]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[52]陈惠发著,余天庆,王勋文译.土木工程材料的本构方程(第一卷弹性与建模)[M].华中科技大学出版社,2001
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