GIS支持下的湖北省水稻生产潜力和区域种植研究
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摘要
本文使用GIS技术,对湖北省82个县(市、区)10年水稻生产的一些不可控要素(农业气象中的平均气温、有效积温、日照、降水量,以及海拔高度的地理条件等)和水稻产量数据进行了计算机输入、存储、管理、分析、出图、描述。根据水稻作物生长发育的规律,依据农业气候资源的相似性和农业气候利用一致性的基本原则,选择2003—2006年湖北省水稻实际产出进行了差距测算,湖北省水稻生产潜力达到316.32万吨。通过水稻单产分区域布局和水稻自然气候适宜布局对比分析提出：确定中稻40个县(市、区)、双季稻33个县(市、区)作为湖北省水稻生产核心种植区；辐射种植区中稻为28个县(市、区),双季稻为16个县(市、区)；中稻调整种植区14个县(市、区)。在现有10年(2000-2009年)气象资料和地形数据的支持下,分析测算湖北省82个县(市、区)的中稻和在2003-2006年已种植早、晚稻的49个县(市、区)里早、晚稻的光温生产潜力和生产潜力可利用度。对于中稻,核心种植区、辐射种植区、调整种植区的光温生产潜力分别为21395.56、20884.48、20775.58公斤/顷；可利用度分别为59.33%、69.15%、69.38%；对于早稻,核心种植区、辐射种植区光温生产潜力分别为17716.03和17869.93公斤/顷；可利用度分别为65.51%、72.03%；晚稻的核心种植区、辐射种植区光温生产潜力分别为18498.47和18472.36公斤/公顷；对应的可利用度分别为63.66%、69.78%。
这项基于GIS技术使用的研究,便于我们更加科学地认识湖北省各个水稻种植区对自然资源的利用现状；建立的GIS空间数据库有利于进一步充分、合理的利用和开发农业资源,扬长避短,发挥地区自然优势,因地制宜地规划和指导水稻生产,提高水稻生产能力,为实现农业地域的合理分工,科学布局,增加经济效益提供了理论依据。对当前农业节能减排,保障粮食安全,发展湖北省现代农业有着十分重要意义。
本文主要做了以下工作：
(1)根据湖北省水稻生产的相关数据,使用GIS技术建立了空间数据库,分析湖北省各个县(市、区)的水稻生产和种植分布情况,绘制湖北省分县(市、区)的水稻单产示意图。
(2)根据湖北省气象数据、海拔高度等因素,结合水稻生长发育特点,运用GIS技术绘制水稻区域化种植适宜图。
(3)通过湖北省分县(市、区)的气象资料,分析、测算了湖北省水稻光温生产潜力,根据水稻单产示意图与水稻区域化种植适宜性对比,测算出湖北省水稻生产的增产潜力。
(4)使用GIS技术对湖北省水稻生产潜力的分析,分别提出中稻、早稻、晚稻的核心种植区、辐射种植区、调整种植区3个区域布局,以及相应的措施改进生产,为提高水稻产量、解决粮食安全问题提供理论依据。
In the present paper, computer's input, storage, managed, analysis, plot, description of the data of some rice production uncontrollable factors (in agricultural meteorology, average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, sunshine, precipitation, and the altitude of geographical conditions, etc.) and rice yield for 82 counties in 10 years are done by using geographic information systems (GIS) technology. According to rice crop growth and development of the law, based on the similarity of climate resources, agriculture and agro-climatic leverage consistency of basic principles, rice output in Hubei province during 2003-2006 years are selected for the gap measurement, and rice production potential in Hubei Province is 316.32 tons. By the comparison and analysis of subregional rice yield of the layouts and the natural climate suitable to rice, the proposed layout are determined.40 mid-season rice planting counties (cities and districts) and 33 double cropping rice counties (cities, districts) are as the core subregion of rice production in Hubei Province; radiation planting subregion are 28 and 16 counties (cities, districts) in the planting of mid-season rice and double cropping rice counties (cities, districts), respectively; and 14 rice planting counties (cities, districts) are divided into the adjustable planting subregion, because the counties are belong to unsuitable areas of mid-season rice production. With the current meteorological information of ten years (2000-2009) and the support of terrain data, analysis and estimating of light and temperature production potential productivity and production potential assimilability of mid-rice production in Hubei Province 82 counties (cities, districts) and of early- and late-rice of 49 counties (cities, districts) that has been planted during 2003-2006 years, are done. For mid rice, light and temperature production potential in core-planting subregion, radiation area, adjustable planting area are 21395.56,20884.48,20775.58 kg/hectare, respectively; The assimilability are 59.33%,69.15%,69.38% respectively; For early rice cultivation, light and temperature production potential of core and radiation area of 17716.03,17869.93 kg/hectare; Assimilability of 65.51%,72.03% are estimated; Light and temperature production potential of late core are 18498.47, 18472.360 kg/hectare for core and radiation area, respectively; corresponding assimilability 63.66%,69.78%, respectively.
This study using the GIS technology to analyze the potential production of rice makes it easy for our scientific understanding of the individual in Hubei Province on rice growing areas of natural resource utilization. In which, to present usage of natural resources, to benefit for further usage, reasonable utilization and to develop agricultural resources, to avoid weaknesses, to make full use of advantage of the natural conditions, to guide to improve the rice production, to enhance the ability of rice production, to get the rational division of agricultural area and scientific distribution, to provide the theoretical foundation for increasing economic efficiency, are include. It's very important for the development of modern agriculture, for current agricultural reduction of energy conservation and food security. Main research works in present paper are carried out as follows:
(1) According to the relative data of rice production in Hubei Province, spatial database is established by using the GIS technology, and the production and distribution of rice cultivation in various counties (cities, districts) of Hubei Province are analyzed, and the rice yield of various cities and counties in Hubei Province are draft.
(2) According to the meteorological data and topography of Hubei Province, combined with the feature of rice growth and development, appropriate map of regional planting rice in Hubei Province are painted using the GIS technology.
(3) Then, by comparison for the map of rice yield, in which of various counties (cities, districts) in Hubei province, and appropriate map of rice, the light and temperature potential productivity of rice production in Hubei Province are estimated.
(4) Finally, through the analysis of rice production potential in Hubei Province with the GIS technology, respectively in early-, mid-, late-rice's core planting area, radiation planting area, adjust the rice-production area of the three regional distribution, consequential measures are proposed to improve the production, in order to increase the rice production and solve the problem of food security issues.
这项基于GIS技术使用的研究,便于我们更加科学地认识湖北省各个水稻种植区对自然资源的利用现状；建立的GIS空间数据库有利于进一步充分、合理的利用和开发农业资源,扬长避短,发挥地区自然优势,因地制宜地规划和指导水稻生产,提高水稻生产能力,为实现农业地域的合理分工,科学布局,增加经济效益提供了理论依据。对当前农业节能减排,保障粮食安全,发展湖北省现代农业有着十分重要意义。
本文主要做了以下工作：
(1)根据湖北省水稻生产的相关数据,使用GIS技术建立了空间数据库,分析湖北省各个县(市、区)的水稻生产和种植分布情况,绘制湖北省分县(市、区)的水稻单产示意图。
(2)根据湖北省气象数据、海拔高度等因素,结合水稻生长发育特点,运用GIS技术绘制水稻区域化种植适宜图。
(3)通过湖北省分县(市、区)的气象资料,分析、测算了湖北省水稻光温生产潜力,根据水稻单产示意图与水稻区域化种植适宜性对比,测算出湖北省水稻生产的增产潜力。
(4)使用GIS技术对湖北省水稻生产潜力的分析,分别提出中稻、早稻、晚稻的核心种植区、辐射种植区、调整种植区3个区域布局,以及相应的措施改进生产,为提高水稻产量、解决粮食安全问题提供理论依据。
In the present paper, computer's input, storage, managed, analysis, plot, description of the data of some rice production uncontrollable factors (in agricultural meteorology, average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, sunshine, precipitation, and the altitude of geographical conditions, etc.) and rice yield for 82 counties in 10 years are done by using geographic information systems (GIS) technology. According to rice crop growth and development of the law, based on the similarity of climate resources, agriculture and agro-climatic leverage consistency of basic principles, rice output in Hubei province during 2003-2006 years are selected for the gap measurement, and rice production potential in Hubei Province is 316.32 tons. By the comparison and analysis of subregional rice yield of the layouts and the natural climate suitable to rice, the proposed layout are determined.40 mid-season rice planting counties (cities and districts) and 33 double cropping rice counties (cities, districts) are as the core subregion of rice production in Hubei Province; radiation planting subregion are 28 and 16 counties (cities, districts) in the planting of mid-season rice and double cropping rice counties (cities, districts), respectively; and 14 rice planting counties (cities, districts) are divided into the adjustable planting subregion, because the counties are belong to unsuitable areas of mid-season rice production. With the current meteorological information of ten years (2000-2009) and the support of terrain data, analysis and estimating of light and temperature production potential productivity and production potential assimilability of mid-rice production in Hubei Province 82 counties (cities, districts) and of early- and late-rice of 49 counties (cities, districts) that has been planted during 2003-2006 years, are done. For mid rice, light and temperature production potential in core-planting subregion, radiation area, adjustable planting area are 21395.56,20884.48,20775.58 kg/hectare, respectively; The assimilability are 59.33%,69.15%,69.38% respectively; For early rice cultivation, light and temperature production potential of core and radiation area of 17716.03,17869.93 kg/hectare; Assimilability of 65.51%,72.03% are estimated; Light and temperature production potential of late core are 18498.47, 18472.360 kg/hectare for core and radiation area, respectively; corresponding assimilability 63.66%,69.78%, respectively.
This study using the GIS technology to analyze the potential production of rice makes it easy for our scientific understanding of the individual in Hubei Province on rice growing areas of natural resource utilization. In which, to present usage of natural resources, to benefit for further usage, reasonable utilization and to develop agricultural resources, to avoid weaknesses, to make full use of advantage of the natural conditions, to guide to improve the rice production, to enhance the ability of rice production, to get the rational division of agricultural area and scientific distribution, to provide the theoretical foundation for increasing economic efficiency, are include. It's very important for the development of modern agriculture, for current agricultural reduction of energy conservation and food security. Main research works in present paper are carried out as follows:
(1) According to the relative data of rice production in Hubei Province, spatial database is established by using the GIS technology, and the production and distribution of rice cultivation in various counties (cities, districts) of Hubei Province are analyzed, and the rice yield of various cities and counties in Hubei Province are draft.
(2) According to the meteorological data and topography of Hubei Province, combined with the feature of rice growth and development, appropriate map of regional planting rice in Hubei Province are painted using the GIS technology.
(3) Then, by comparison for the map of rice yield, in which of various counties (cities, districts) in Hubei province, and appropriate map of rice, the light and temperature potential productivity of rice production in Hubei Province are estimated.
(4) Finally, through the analysis of rice production potential in Hubei Province with the GIS technology, respectively in early-, mid-, late-rice's core planting area, radiation planting area, adjust the rice-production area of the three regional distribution, consequential measures are proposed to improve the production, in order to increase the rice production and solve the problem of food security issues.
引文
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