基于进化优化算法的高层建筑抗震能力分析
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摘要
地震是一种随机性极强的自然灾害现象,全球每年发生地震次数约为550万次。如何增强建筑物的抗震能力,成为当今的科学研究的重要课题,其相关研究在其他领域也成为应用热门。
在抗震建筑研究中,如何简化建筑物,建立其理论和实验模型是研究建筑物的抗震能力的关键。当今的研究主要将高层建筑简化为框架结构模型,这类模型计算量大,分析时间长,制约了该研究方法的应用和推广。
木课题提出采用结构力学中梁的理论,将高层建筑简化成为iTm0Sehkno梁系统,结合有限元方法,通过MtaLab建立梁系统的质量和刚度矩阵,分析和观察高层建筑在地震过程中的动态响应,并与理论计算结果进行对比,对比结果表明,Mtlaba分析结果是正确的。
本课题为简化成梁模型的建筑物添加了补偿系统,并将实际地震波的激振数据输入所建立的模型,研究模型响应情况,通过分析结果来检验补偿系统减震耗能的效果。为了尽量减少补偿系统在建筑物中占据的面积和质量,采用进化优化方法搜索补偿系统参数的最优值,在降低建筑物成本的同时提高建筑物的抗震性能。
Research shows that:1.The beam system can be used as simple model instead of frame structure, with the same results but less data storage and time loss.2. Compensation system which is including mass, stiffness and damping has the effects of passive energy dissipation, so as to reduce the response of the earthquake.3. Data from real earthquake events insured the function of the compensators.4. Via Evolutionary Algorithm we get the results of the optimization, which inculding the mass, stiffness of the compensator.
This new method of anti-seicmic structure analysis only stands on the bases of theory. In the future research on experiments will follow up. On the other hand, evolutionary optimization should be faster and precisely, in order to make the theoretical analysis perfectly.
在抗震建筑研究中,如何简化建筑物,建立其理论和实验模型是研究建筑物的抗震能力的关键。当今的研究主要将高层建筑简化为框架结构模型,这类模型计算量大,分析时间长,制约了该研究方法的应用和推广。
木课题提出采用结构力学中梁的理论,将高层建筑简化成为iTm0Sehkno梁系统,结合有限元方法,通过MtaLab建立梁系统的质量和刚度矩阵,分析和观察高层建筑在地震过程中的动态响应,并与理论计算结果进行对比,对比结果表明,Mtlaba分析结果是正确的。
本课题为简化成梁模型的建筑物添加了补偿系统,并将实际地震波的激振数据输入所建立的模型,研究模型响应情况,通过分析结果来检验补偿系统减震耗能的效果。为了尽量减少补偿系统在建筑物中占据的面积和质量,采用进化优化方法搜索补偿系统参数的最优值,在降低建筑物成本的同时提高建筑物的抗震性能。
Research shows that:1.The beam system can be used as simple model instead of frame structure, with the same results but less data storage and time loss.2. Compensation system which is including mass, stiffness and damping has the effects of passive energy dissipation, so as to reduce the response of the earthquake.3. Data from real earthquake events insured the function of the compensators.4. Via Evolutionary Algorithm we get the results of the optimization, which inculding the mass, stiffness of the compensator.
This new method of anti-seicmic structure analysis only stands on the bases of theory. In the future research on experiments will follow up. On the other hand, evolutionary optimization should be faster and precisely, in order to make the theoretical analysis perfectly.
引文
[1]吴旭东,震级与地震烈度[J],建筑工人,2008(06).
[2]田家勇,兰晓雯,谢周敏,陆鸣,时振梁,地形对地震烈度衰减的影响[J],震灾防御技术,2010(03).
[3]陈时军,不同构造环境的地震活动丛集特征研究[D],中国地震局地质研究所,2004.
[4]魏富胜,许忠淮,中国大陆地区的地震检测能力[A],中国地球物理学会第二十三届年会论文集[C],2007.
[5]On Shaky Ground, Association of Bay Area Governments, San Francisco, reports 1995, 1998 (updated 2003).
[6]Guidelines for evaluating the hazard of surface fault rupture, California Geological Survey.
[7]Natural Hazards-Landslides.USGS. http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/landslides/, Retrieved 2008-09-15.
[8]范建容,张建强,田兵伟,严冬,陶和平,汶川地震次生灾害毁坏耕地的遥感快速评估方法—以北川县唐家山地区为例[J],遥感学报,2008,(06).
[9]The Great 1906 San Francisco earthquake of 1906.USGS.2008.
[10]Historic Earthquakes-1946 Anchorage Earthquake. USGS.2008.
[11]Noson, Qamar, and Thorsen (1988). Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 85.Washington. State Earthquake Hazards,2008.
[12]Dong Jidong, Guo Rui, On the seismic design method of the buildings,Shanxi Architecture, Vol.34. No.33. Nov.2008.
[13]Christine A. Goulet etc, Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building-from seismic hazard to collapse safety and economic losses,15th June 2007.
[14]Tong shenjia. Analysis of second-order effect to the frame structure under horizontal earthquake action, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2000.
[15]段秋华,楼梦麟,Timoshenko悬臂梁自由振动特性的近似分析方法[J],结构工程师,2004,(05).
[16]A. C. Antoulas, Approximation of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems, SIAM, Philadelphia,2005.
[17]Heiko Panzer, Jorg Hubele, Rudy Eid and Boris Lohmann, Generating a Parametric Finite Element Model of a 3D Cantilever Timoshenko Beam Using Matlab, Institute of Automatic Control, Technische University at Munchen,2009.
[18]李飞舟,粘弹性阻尼器钢框架的减震性能分析[J],低温建筑技术,2009,(01).
[19]徐中,石慧荣,赵军,吴振华,多点敷设支撑层的粘弹性约束阻尼梁振动分析[J],航空精密制造技术,2008,(06).
[20]吴晓,杨立军,悬挂弹簧几何非线性减振系统的固有振动特性[J],振动与冲击,2008,(11).
[21]裴正林,牟永光,地震波传播数值模拟[J],地球物理学进展,2004,(04).
[22]李信富,李小凡,张美根,地震波数值模拟方法研究综述[J],防灾减灾工程学报,2007,(02).
[23]任枭,震源机制解测定在常规分析中的应用[D],中国地震局地球物理研究所,2004.
[24]董良国,李培明,地震波传播数值模拟中的频散问题[J],天然气上业,2004,(06).
[25]USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/,2010.05.01.
[26]China Earthquake Data Center, http://data.earthquake.cn/,2010.
[27]陈可洋,地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J],石油物探,2010,(02).
[28]张伯艳,陈厚群,胡晓,朱栗武,合成人造地震动的非线性解法[J],水利水电技术,2000,(07).
[29]MATLAB toolbox,2010.0520.
[30]Earthquake wave from the forum.
[31]Evolutionary Algorithms http://www.cs.sandia.gov/opt/survey/ea.html,2010.04.,28.
[32]谢涛,陈火旺,康立山,多目标优化的演化算法[J],计算机学报,2003,(08).
[33]王向,遗传算法综述[A],2007年河北省电子学会、河北省计算机学会、河北省自动化学会、河北省人工智能学会、河北省计算机辅助设计研究会、河北省软件行业协会联合学术年会论文集[C],2007.
[34]蓝艇,刘士荣,顾幸生,基于进化算法的多目标优化方法[J],控制与决策,2006,(06).
[35]工程数学[J],中国无线电电子学文摘,2003,(06).
[36]Whitley D.An, overview of evolutionary algorithms Practical issues and common pitfalls[J],Information and S of Tware Technology,2001,43(14),8172831.
[37]Fogel LJ. Owens A J. Walsh MJ.Arificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution [M], Chichester John Wiley,1996.
[38]Rechenbergl,Evolutions strategie Optimierung Technischer Systems nach Prinzipien der Biologischen Evolution[M],Stutgart,Frommann Holzboog Verlag.1973.
[39]Holland J H, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems[M],Annarbor,Uni. Of Michigan Press,1975.
[40]De Jong K A,The analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems[D],Ann Arbor Uni. Of Michigan,1975.
[41]Storn R, Differential evolution design of an IIR filter[A],IEEE Int. Conf. on Evolutionary Computation[C], Nagoya,1996,2682273.
[42]Storn R., Price K., Differential evolution-A simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces[J],J of Global Optimization,1997,11(4),3412359.
[43]Pahner U.,Hameyer K, Adaptive coupling of differential evolution and multiquadrics approximation for the tuning of the optimization process [J],IEEE Trans on Magnetics,2000,36(4),104721051.
[44]Cheng S L, Hwang C, Optimal approximation of linear systems by a differential evolution algorithm[J],IEEE Trans on systems, Man and Cy bernetics-Part A,2001,31(6),6982707.
[2]田家勇,兰晓雯,谢周敏,陆鸣,时振梁,地形对地震烈度衰减的影响[J],震灾防御技术,2010(03).
[3]陈时军,不同构造环境的地震活动丛集特征研究[D],中国地震局地质研究所,2004.
[4]魏富胜,许忠淮,中国大陆地区的地震检测能力[A],中国地球物理学会第二十三届年会论文集[C],2007.
[5]On Shaky Ground, Association of Bay Area Governments, San Francisco, reports 1995, 1998 (updated 2003).
[6]Guidelines for evaluating the hazard of surface fault rupture, California Geological Survey.
[7]Natural Hazards-Landslides.USGS. http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/landslides/, Retrieved 2008-09-15.
[8]范建容,张建强,田兵伟,严冬,陶和平,汶川地震次生灾害毁坏耕地的遥感快速评估方法—以北川县唐家山地区为例[J],遥感学报,2008,(06).
[9]The Great 1906 San Francisco earthquake of 1906.USGS.2008.
[10]Historic Earthquakes-1946 Anchorage Earthquake. USGS.2008.
[11]Noson, Qamar, and Thorsen (1988). Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 85.Washington. State Earthquake Hazards,2008.
[12]Dong Jidong, Guo Rui, On the seismic design method of the buildings,Shanxi Architecture, Vol.34. No.33. Nov.2008.
[13]Christine A. Goulet etc, Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building-from seismic hazard to collapse safety and economic losses,15th June 2007.
[14]Tong shenjia. Analysis of second-order effect to the frame structure under horizontal earthquake action, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2000.
[15]段秋华,楼梦麟,Timoshenko悬臂梁自由振动特性的近似分析方法[J],结构工程师,2004,(05).
[16]A. C. Antoulas, Approximation of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems, SIAM, Philadelphia,2005.
[17]Heiko Panzer, Jorg Hubele, Rudy Eid and Boris Lohmann, Generating a Parametric Finite Element Model of a 3D Cantilever Timoshenko Beam Using Matlab, Institute of Automatic Control, Technische University at Munchen,2009.
[18]李飞舟,粘弹性阻尼器钢框架的减震性能分析[J],低温建筑技术,2009,(01).
[19]徐中,石慧荣,赵军,吴振华,多点敷设支撑层的粘弹性约束阻尼梁振动分析[J],航空精密制造技术,2008,(06).
[20]吴晓,杨立军,悬挂弹簧几何非线性减振系统的固有振动特性[J],振动与冲击,2008,(11).
[21]裴正林,牟永光,地震波传播数值模拟[J],地球物理学进展,2004,(04).
[22]李信富,李小凡,张美根,地震波数值模拟方法研究综述[J],防灾减灾工程学报,2007,(02).
[23]任枭,震源机制解测定在常规分析中的应用[D],中国地震局地球物理研究所,2004.
[24]董良国,李培明,地震波传播数值模拟中的频散问题[J],天然气上业,2004,(06).
[25]USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/,2010.05.01.
[26]China Earthquake Data Center, http://data.earthquake.cn/,2010.
[27]陈可洋,地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J],石油物探,2010,(02).
[28]张伯艳,陈厚群,胡晓,朱栗武,合成人造地震动的非线性解法[J],水利水电技术,2000,(07).
[29]MATLAB toolbox,2010.0520.
[30]Earthquake wave from the forum.
[31]Evolutionary Algorithms http://www.cs.sandia.gov/opt/survey/ea.html,2010.04.,28.
[32]谢涛,陈火旺,康立山,多目标优化的演化算法[J],计算机学报,2003,(08).
[33]王向,遗传算法综述[A],2007年河北省电子学会、河北省计算机学会、河北省自动化学会、河北省人工智能学会、河北省计算机辅助设计研究会、河北省软件行业协会联合学术年会论文集[C],2007.
[34]蓝艇,刘士荣,顾幸生,基于进化算法的多目标优化方法[J],控制与决策,2006,(06).
[35]工程数学[J],中国无线电电子学文摘,2003,(06).
[36]Whitley D.An, overview of evolutionary algorithms Practical issues and common pitfalls[J],Information and S of Tware Technology,2001,43(14),8172831.
[37]Fogel LJ. Owens A J. Walsh MJ.Arificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution [M], Chichester John Wiley,1996.
[38]Rechenbergl,Evolutions strategie Optimierung Technischer Systems nach Prinzipien der Biologischen Evolution[M],Stutgart,Frommann Holzboog Verlag.1973.
[39]Holland J H, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems[M],Annarbor,Uni. Of Michigan Press,1975.
[40]De Jong K A,The analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems[D],Ann Arbor Uni. Of Michigan,1975.
[41]Storn R, Differential evolution design of an IIR filter[A],IEEE Int. Conf. on Evolutionary Computation[C], Nagoya,1996,2682273.
[42]Storn R., Price K., Differential evolution-A simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces[J],J of Global Optimization,1997,11(4),3412359.
[43]Pahner U.,Hameyer K, Adaptive coupling of differential evolution and multiquadrics approximation for the tuning of the optimization process [J],IEEE Trans on Magnetics,2000,36(4),104721051.
[44]Cheng S L, Hwang C, Optimal approximation of linear systems by a differential evolution algorithm[J],IEEE Trans on systems, Man and Cy bernetics-Part A,2001,31(6),6982707.
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