毫米波末制导雷达DBS成像技术研究
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摘要
反舰导弹历经四代发展,已经成为攻击敌方军舰的主战武器。雷达末制导是反舰导弹广泛采用的末制导方式。如何快速获取舰船目标的雷达图像一直是制约反舰导弹末制导雷达探测识别性能的难题。本文围绕毫米波末制导雷达成像技术,深入研究了反舰导弹末制导阶段的多普勒波束锐化(DBS)参数设计、多普勒参数估计及DBS成像算法,论文的研究内容如下所示:
在第一章中,介绍了反舰导弹在近半个世纪的世界局部战争中的重要性,并详细论述了反舰导弹末制导雷达技术,然后引出DBS的概念。接下来对DBS成像算法和多普勒参数估计的研究现状进行了概括。最后介绍了本文的主要工作。
第二章围绕DBS技术应用在反舰导弹末制导雷达中的参数设计问题展开研究。首先,介绍了DBS的工作原理,并总结了反舰导弹末制导阶段的典型弹道。然后,针对反舰导弹末制导雷达DBS成像的特点,详细研究了斜距平面和地距平面内的距离分辨率和方位分辨率、波束扫描速度和脉冲重复频率的参数设计问题,并给出了设计流程与设计实例。
第三章研究了末制导雷达多普勒参数估计技术。首先,采用相关函数法估计基带多普勒中心频率。其次,针对末制导雷达大斜视DBS成像时存在多普勒中心模糊的问题,基于大斜视角条件下距离徙动的近似线性特征,提出采用基于Radon变换的方法对多普勒中心模糊数进行估计,并与能量重心法进行了对比分析。再次,研究了多普勒调频率的直接解算方法。仿真验证了上述方法的可行性。
第四章研究了末制导雷达DBS成像技术。首先,考虑到末制导雷达的实时成像需求,分析了基于解调的方位快速合成算法——频谱分析算法,对其在大斜视DBS成像中的适用性进行了深入研究。其次,针对大斜视DBS成像的方位分辨力空变性问题,在脉冲重复频率不变约束下采用预滤波与频域插值实现了锐化比恒定,并在此基础上提出了方位分辨力空变性校正方法。再次,针对末制导雷达大范围扫描DBS成像问题,研究了子图像几何校正和拼接技术。最终,对大斜视角、大范围扫描DBS成像进行全流程仿真,验证了上述技术的可行性。
在结束语中,归纳了论文的研究内容,对研究成果进行了归纳,并展望了需要完善的内容。
After successive developments of four generations, anti-ship missile has become one of the main weapons to attack enemies’warships. For terminal guidance of anti-ship missiles, radar terminal guidance is a widely-used solution. However, how to quickly obtain 2-D high-resolution radar images of warships remains to be a difficult problem, which limits the detection and recognition performances of anti-ship missile’s terminal guidance radar. This thesis focuses on radar imaging techniques of millimeter-wave anti-ship terminal guidance radar, and systematically studies the DBS (Doppler Beam Sharpening) parameter design, Doppler parameter estimation and DBS imaging algorithms during the terminal guidance period of an anti-ship missile. The main work is outlined as follows.
In the introduction, The role of anti-ship missiles in modern high-tech regional wars is clarified, with an emphasis on radar terminal guidance techniques of anti-ship missiles by which the concept of DBS is introduced. Then, the state of the art of DBS imaging and Doppler parameter estimation techniques is summarized. The major work of the whole thesis is described at last.
Chapter 2 focuses on the parameter design of DBS concerning the application of DBS into anti-ship missile terminal guidance radar. At first, the operation principle of DBS is introduced. Then, typical terminal trajectories of anti-ship missiles are summarized and analyzed. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of DBS imaging in the terminal guidance radar of anti-ship missile, the parameter design of range resolutions and azimuth resolutions both on the slant range plane and the ground range plane, the PRF (pulse repetition frequency) and the beam scanning speed, etc., are studied in detail.
Chapter 3 studies the methods of Doppler parameter estimation. Firstly, the correlation function method is adopted to estimate the base-band Doppler centroid. Secondly, to solve the Doppler centroid ambiguity due to DBS imaging at great forward-squint angle, it is proposed that Radon transform be applied to estimate the Doppler centroid based on the approximate linear characteristic of the range migration under the condition of great forward-squint angle. Meanwhile, the Radon based method is compared with the energy center method. Thirdly, the estimation algorithms of Doppler frequency rate are discussed. Simulation results verify the validity of the methods above.
Chapter 4 studies the imaging algorithm of DBS. First of all, given the requirement of real-time DBS imaging for missile borne radar, the fast azimuth synthesis method based on Dechirp– SPECAN, i.e., spectral analysis algorithm - is analyzed, and the adaptability of SPECAN to DBS imaging in great squint situation is deeply researched. Secondly, to solve the problem of the spatial variation of the azimuth resolution in great-squint DBS imaging, under the constraint of invariant PRF, the pre-filtering method and the frequency-domain interpolation method are utilized to lock the sharpening ratio, based on which the method of azimuth resolution modification is proposed. Thirdly, to solve the problem of imaging wide region using scan DBS technique, the sub-image geometric correction and stitching techniques are researched. Finally, the whole-flow simulation for great squint, wide region scan DBS imaging is conducted to verify the validation of the techniques above.
In the end, the whole work of this thesis is summarized, and some conclusions are presented. In addition, some directions for further research are pointed out at last.
在第一章中,介绍了反舰导弹在近半个世纪的世界局部战争中的重要性,并详细论述了反舰导弹末制导雷达技术,然后引出DBS的概念。接下来对DBS成像算法和多普勒参数估计的研究现状进行了概括。最后介绍了本文的主要工作。
第二章围绕DBS技术应用在反舰导弹末制导雷达中的参数设计问题展开研究。首先,介绍了DBS的工作原理,并总结了反舰导弹末制导阶段的典型弹道。然后,针对反舰导弹末制导雷达DBS成像的特点,详细研究了斜距平面和地距平面内的距离分辨率和方位分辨率、波束扫描速度和脉冲重复频率的参数设计问题,并给出了设计流程与设计实例。
第三章研究了末制导雷达多普勒参数估计技术。首先,采用相关函数法估计基带多普勒中心频率。其次,针对末制导雷达大斜视DBS成像时存在多普勒中心模糊的问题,基于大斜视角条件下距离徙动的近似线性特征,提出采用基于Radon变换的方法对多普勒中心模糊数进行估计,并与能量重心法进行了对比分析。再次,研究了多普勒调频率的直接解算方法。仿真验证了上述方法的可行性。
第四章研究了末制导雷达DBS成像技术。首先,考虑到末制导雷达的实时成像需求,分析了基于解调的方位快速合成算法——频谱分析算法,对其在大斜视DBS成像中的适用性进行了深入研究。其次,针对大斜视DBS成像的方位分辨力空变性问题,在脉冲重复频率不变约束下采用预滤波与频域插值实现了锐化比恒定,并在此基础上提出了方位分辨力空变性校正方法。再次,针对末制导雷达大范围扫描DBS成像问题,研究了子图像几何校正和拼接技术。最终,对大斜视角、大范围扫描DBS成像进行全流程仿真,验证了上述技术的可行性。
在结束语中,归纳了论文的研究内容,对研究成果进行了归纳,并展望了需要完善的内容。
After successive developments of four generations, anti-ship missile has become one of the main weapons to attack enemies’warships. For terminal guidance of anti-ship missiles, radar terminal guidance is a widely-used solution. However, how to quickly obtain 2-D high-resolution radar images of warships remains to be a difficult problem, which limits the detection and recognition performances of anti-ship missile’s terminal guidance radar. This thesis focuses on radar imaging techniques of millimeter-wave anti-ship terminal guidance radar, and systematically studies the DBS (Doppler Beam Sharpening) parameter design, Doppler parameter estimation and DBS imaging algorithms during the terminal guidance period of an anti-ship missile. The main work is outlined as follows.
In the introduction, The role of anti-ship missiles in modern high-tech regional wars is clarified, with an emphasis on radar terminal guidance techniques of anti-ship missiles by which the concept of DBS is introduced. Then, the state of the art of DBS imaging and Doppler parameter estimation techniques is summarized. The major work of the whole thesis is described at last.
Chapter 2 focuses on the parameter design of DBS concerning the application of DBS into anti-ship missile terminal guidance radar. At first, the operation principle of DBS is introduced. Then, typical terminal trajectories of anti-ship missiles are summarized and analyzed. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of DBS imaging in the terminal guidance radar of anti-ship missile, the parameter design of range resolutions and azimuth resolutions both on the slant range plane and the ground range plane, the PRF (pulse repetition frequency) and the beam scanning speed, etc., are studied in detail.
Chapter 3 studies the methods of Doppler parameter estimation. Firstly, the correlation function method is adopted to estimate the base-band Doppler centroid. Secondly, to solve the Doppler centroid ambiguity due to DBS imaging at great forward-squint angle, it is proposed that Radon transform be applied to estimate the Doppler centroid based on the approximate linear characteristic of the range migration under the condition of great forward-squint angle. Meanwhile, the Radon based method is compared with the energy center method. Thirdly, the estimation algorithms of Doppler frequency rate are discussed. Simulation results verify the validity of the methods above.
Chapter 4 studies the imaging algorithm of DBS. First of all, given the requirement of real-time DBS imaging for missile borne radar, the fast azimuth synthesis method based on Dechirp– SPECAN, i.e., spectral analysis algorithm - is analyzed, and the adaptability of SPECAN to DBS imaging in great squint situation is deeply researched. Secondly, to solve the problem of the spatial variation of the azimuth resolution in great-squint DBS imaging, under the constraint of invariant PRF, the pre-filtering method and the frequency-domain interpolation method are utilized to lock the sharpening ratio, based on which the method of azimuth resolution modification is proposed. Thirdly, to solve the problem of imaging wide region using scan DBS technique, the sub-image geometric correction and stitching techniques are researched. Finally, the whole-flow simulation for great squint, wide region scan DBS imaging is conducted to verify the validation of the techniques above.
In the end, the whole work of this thesis is summarized, and some conclusions are presented. In addition, some directions for further research are pointed out at last.
引文
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[3]吴强,姜玉宪.反舰导弹综合突防技术[J].北京航空航天大学,2004,30(12): 1212~1215
[4]宋万忠.无人机载毫米波合成孔径雷达技术.电讯技术,2002,42(6):4~7
[5]李道京,张麟兮,俞卞章.主动雷达成像导引头几个问题的研究[J].现代雷达,2003(5):12~15
[6]郑晓双.机载合成孔径雷达运动补偿技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院电子学研究所,2007:37~38
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[12]李悦丽.弹载合成孔径雷达成像技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2008.
[13]黄晓芳.反舰导弹雷达导引头成像算法研究[硕士论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2006.
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