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两种分析法方法测定地质样品中碘量的研究
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摘要
碘是人体和其他一些生物必需的微量元素,与人体的生长发育、新陈代谢密切相关,缺碘或摄入过多都会引发各种疾病。虽然有关碘的测定方法有很多种,但是对于痕量碘的分析仍是一个难点。本工作在已有的碘分析方法基础上,系统地研究了催化比色法和ICP-MS法测定地质样品中碘量的分析方法。经国家一级标准物质检验,分析的准确度和精密度均能满足要求。
     本文研究采用碳酸钠—氧化锌混合试剂半熔,氯胺T—四碱(4,4'-四甲基二氨基二苯甲烷)催化光度法测定痕量碘。对碳酸钠—氧化锌混合试剂,样品的分解温度及时间,乙酸、四碱的加入时间,氯胺T的加入量,显色时间、酸度、温度等实验条件对碘测定的影响进行分析。本文还详细讨论了分析过程中碘的形态及其对分析结果的影响并采用抗坏血酸还原碘酸根。在选定条件下,方法选择性好,操作手续简便;检出限为0.15μg/g。
     电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)已成为痕量碘测定方法的首选。本文研究了碳酸钠—氧化锌混合试剂半熔,强酸型阳离子交换树脂分离钠、锌等阳离子,采用直接测定溶液中的碘。比较并讨论了在纯水、2%NH3·H2O以及2%HNO3中不同形态碘的ICP-MS信号强度和记忆效应,选择稀氨水清洗进样系统以降低碘的记忆效应。研究采用抗坏血酸统一不同形态碘的信号强度,并通过添加乙醇增加碘的信号响应强度,以达到降低检出限的目的,使检出限达到0.001μg/g。方法检出限低,简便易行,其精密度和准确度均能满足分析要求,从而建立了适用于地质调查样品中痕量碘的测定方法。
Iodine is an essential micronutrient element necessary for the synthesis of vitalhormones such as thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3), needed for the maintenanceof metabolic rate, cellular metabolism and integrity connective tissue. Lack of thesehormones causes mental retardation and goiter. However, excessive intake of iodine canalso cause several diseases. Intake of iodine can be done from different sources, such aswater, beverages and food. Although several techniques have been proposed for thedetermination of iodine, it is still difficult to analysis it precisely. This work wasperformed to improve the methods for determination of iodine in geological samplessystematically by chloramine T-tetrabase system catalytic spectrophotometry andinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The methods have been applied to thenational standard samples with satisfactory results.
     Some improvement and further optimization for the catalytic spectrophotometricdetermination of trace iodine in geological samples in chloramine T-4,4’-Tetramethyldiamino-diphenylmethane system with semi-melting sample pretreatment has beendeveloped. The semi-melting sample pretreatment conditions, include Na2CO3-ZnOmixed flux, semi-melting temperature and time, the additive time of Acetic acid andTetrabase,the dosage of chloramine T, chromatogenic time, acidity, temperature, etc,were discussed and several settlement measures were also proposed. This paper alsodiscusses in detail that the iodine species during the analysis process and its effect onthe result. Under the optmized conditions the method provides good selectivity, simpleoperation and low detection limit of0.15μg/g for iodine.
     Among many kinds of techniques for determination of iodine, inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a sensitive analytical technique, allowingprecise and rapid measurement. In this work, a method for determination of trace iodinein geological samples by ICP-MS with semi-melting sanple pretreatment has beendeveloped. The signal response and memory effect of different iodine species indifferent solution mediums was assessed. The result from the experiments show thatammonia solution is a suitable medium for determination of iodine and the diluteammonia solution is a effective way in eliminating the memory effect from iodine. Byadding ethanol and, the method for determination of iodine in geological samples wasestablished using ICP-MS and the method detection limit for iodine was0.001μg/g.
     The precisions of the methods are found to be in reasonable agreement withanalytical request. It has been shown that they have great potential for the determinationof trace iodine in geological samples.
引文
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