云南电网水电站群长期优化调度方法研究
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摘要
自从我国推行“流域、梯级、滚动、综合”的流域水电开发模式以来,该模式产生的巨大经济、社会效益受到业内人士的广泛认同,在各大流域迅速推广,并组建了大型水电流域开发公司。该开发模式旨在综合考虑梯级水电的整体效益,以已建电站产生的效益来逐级开发流域内其他水电站,进而带动流域内相关产业的综合发展,实现流域水资源的可持续发展。
水电站群滚动开发的过程中,需要建立不同阶段的水电站(群)调度图来指导水电站安全经济运行；同时需要建立面向应用的、能够指导大规模水电站群及电网经济运行的水电站群优化运行方式。本文以云南电网水电站群为研究实例,进行水电站群长期优化方法研究,本研究不仅可以指导本电网的安全经济运行,优化配置水能资源,而且对别的电网和流域都有非常重要的借鉴作用。本文主要研究以下几方面内容：
(1)针对云南澜沧江流域动态变化特点,结合单库和库群调度目标,提出流域不同开发阶段调度图优化模型,并采用逐次逼近算法求解。以澜沧江动态投产三个阶段为例,研究表明该方法能够求解不同规模的实际问题,可以得到满意结果。
(2)针对云南电网枯期电量不足及考虑到水火电补偿调度等问题,提出云南电网长期优化调度剩余最大负荷最小模型,通过凝聚函数法进行目标转换,并采用逐步优化改进算法对该问题进行求解,实例研究表明该方法可以应用于实际,可以提高枯水期电量,减少汛期弃水,提高电量的枯丰比。
(3)针对云南电网水电比例大的特点,提出了水火电实用化协调调度方法。通过火电最小出力简化设置、火电负荷分配、水电分区出力修正方法和典型日负荷分配四个步骤实现水火电协调调度。实例研究表明该方法简单、实用。
最后对全文进行了总结,并对有待进一步研究的问题进行了展望。
From the1980s, China began to explore hydropower progressive development mechanism, establishing hydroelectric company in large river basin, and gradually formed a "river basin、cascade、progressive、comprehensive" hydropower development mode. Hydropower progressive development is based on the hydropower stations already built and used these power generation benefits to construct new power stations. It's to use electricity efficiency to drive relevant industries of the basin to reach a comprehensive development.
In the process of hydropower station group rolling development, it is necessary to set up different stages of the hydropower station group operation charts to guide hydropower station, the safe and economic operation. Meanwhile, application-oriented optimal operation modes that can guide economical operation for large scale hydropower stations and power grids need to be constructed. This paper takes Yunnan power grid and hydropower station group for example, researching about the long-term optimal dispatch methods. This study not only can guide the safe and economic operation of the power grid, optimize water power resources, but also may offer other power grids and river basins very important references. The main content can be stated as follows:
(1) Aiming at the dynamic changes of Lancang-river basin of Yunnan province, the optimal model combined with the goal of single reservoir and reservoirs operation for scheduling graph at different development phases of the basin is proposed and solved by progressive optimization algorithm. The models are tested with application to dynamic putting into operation of Lancang-river basin at three stages. The result shows that the model can solve real problems at different scale and satisfactory results can be obtained.
(2) For solving insufficient discharge at low flow period of Yunnan Power Grid and the compensations of hydrothermal operation, a model is proposed to minimize the residual maximum load for long-term operation of Yunnan Power Grid. The objective is converted by coherency function and solved by improved progressive optimization algorithm. The result shows that the method can increase discharge in the low flow period, decrease spilled water in the flood period and raise low-high flow ratio of discharge.
(3) Aiming at larger hydropower of Yunnan Power Grid, A practical method for coordination of hydrothermal operation is proposed. The coordination of hydrothermal operation is implemented with four steps:minimizing the generation of thermal power, thermal power load dispatch, hydroelectric output fixed by the division of different areas and typical daily load dispatch. The result shows that the proposed method is simple and practical.
Finally all the work of this dissertation is summarized and the future research work is prospected.
水电站群滚动开发的过程中,需要建立不同阶段的水电站(群)调度图来指导水电站安全经济运行；同时需要建立面向应用的、能够指导大规模水电站群及电网经济运行的水电站群优化运行方式。本文以云南电网水电站群为研究实例,进行水电站群长期优化方法研究,本研究不仅可以指导本电网的安全经济运行,优化配置水能资源,而且对别的电网和流域都有非常重要的借鉴作用。本文主要研究以下几方面内容：
(1)针对云南澜沧江流域动态变化特点,结合单库和库群调度目标,提出流域不同开发阶段调度图优化模型,并采用逐次逼近算法求解。以澜沧江动态投产三个阶段为例,研究表明该方法能够求解不同规模的实际问题,可以得到满意结果。
(2)针对云南电网枯期电量不足及考虑到水火电补偿调度等问题,提出云南电网长期优化调度剩余最大负荷最小模型,通过凝聚函数法进行目标转换,并采用逐步优化改进算法对该问题进行求解,实例研究表明该方法可以应用于实际,可以提高枯水期电量,减少汛期弃水,提高电量的枯丰比。
(3)针对云南电网水电比例大的特点,提出了水火电实用化协调调度方法。通过火电最小出力简化设置、火电负荷分配、水电分区出力修正方法和典型日负荷分配四个步骤实现水火电协调调度。实例研究表明该方法简单、实用。
最后对全文进行了总结,并对有待进一步研究的问题进行了展望。
From the1980s, China began to explore hydropower progressive development mechanism, establishing hydroelectric company in large river basin, and gradually formed a "river basin、cascade、progressive、comprehensive" hydropower development mode. Hydropower progressive development is based on the hydropower stations already built and used these power generation benefits to construct new power stations. It's to use electricity efficiency to drive relevant industries of the basin to reach a comprehensive development.
In the process of hydropower station group rolling development, it is necessary to set up different stages of the hydropower station group operation charts to guide hydropower station, the safe and economic operation. Meanwhile, application-oriented optimal operation modes that can guide economical operation for large scale hydropower stations and power grids need to be constructed. This paper takes Yunnan power grid and hydropower station group for example, researching about the long-term optimal dispatch methods. This study not only can guide the safe and economic operation of the power grid, optimize water power resources, but also may offer other power grids and river basins very important references. The main content can be stated as follows:
(1) Aiming at the dynamic changes of Lancang-river basin of Yunnan province, the optimal model combined with the goal of single reservoir and reservoirs operation for scheduling graph at different development phases of the basin is proposed and solved by progressive optimization algorithm. The models are tested with application to dynamic putting into operation of Lancang-river basin at three stages. The result shows that the model can solve real problems at different scale and satisfactory results can be obtained.
(2) For solving insufficient discharge at low flow period of Yunnan Power Grid and the compensations of hydrothermal operation, a model is proposed to minimize the residual maximum load for long-term operation of Yunnan Power Grid. The objective is converted by coherency function and solved by improved progressive optimization algorithm. The result shows that the method can increase discharge in the low flow period, decrease spilled water in the flood period and raise low-high flow ratio of discharge.
(3) Aiming at larger hydropower of Yunnan Power Grid, A practical method for coordination of hydrothermal operation is proposed. The coordination of hydrothermal operation is implemented with four steps:minimizing the generation of thermal power, thermal power load dispatch, hydroelectric output fixed by the division of different areas and typical daily load dispatch. The result shows that the proposed method is simple and practical.
Finally all the work of this dissertation is summarized and the future research work is prospected.
引文
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[2]Neelakantan T R, Pundarikanthan N V. Hedging rule optimization for water supply reservoirs system[J].Water Resources Management,1999,13(6):409-426.
[3]王旭,庞金城,雷晓辉,等.水库调度图优化方法研究评述[J].南水北调与水利科技,2010,8(5)：71-74.
[4]高似春,陈惠源,万俊.隐随机优化调度及其调度规则的研究[J].中国农村水利水电(农田水利与小水电),1997,2：40-42
[5]董子敖.水库群调度与规划的优化理论和应用[M].济南：山东科学技术出版社,1989.
[6]冯尚友.水资源系统工程[M].武汉：湖北科学技术出版社,1991.
[7]张勇传.水电能优化管理[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1987.
[8]姚华明,矛茗,钟琦,等.水库群最优调度函数的研究[J].水电能源科学.1990,8(1):85-90.
[9]Karamouz M, Aarghinejad S. Drought mitigation through long-term operation of reservoirs:Case study[J] Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2008,134(4):471-478.
[10]黄强.水能利用(第一版)[M].西安：中国水利水电出版社,1981.
[11]叶秉如.水利计算[M].水利电力出版社,1985.
[12]叶守泽.水文水力计算[M].中国水利水电出版社,1992.
[13]Maass A,Hufschmidt M M,Dorfman R, et al. Design of water-resource systems[M].Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1962.
[14]Stedinger J R. The performance of LDR models for preliminary design and reservoir operation[J].Water Resources Research,1984,20(2):215-224.
[15]Chen L,Mcphee J,Yeh W W G.A diversified multi-objective GA for optimizing reservoir rule curves [J].Advances in Water Resources,2007,30(5):1082-1093.
[16]Hich N,Simonovic S P,Amron M. The benefits of computerized real-time river basin management in the Malahayu reservoir system[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2000,27(1):55-64.
[17]张铭,王丽萍,安有贵,纪昌明.水库调度图优化研究[J].武汉大学学报.2004,37(3):5-7.
[18]尹正杰,胡铁松,崔远来,等.库多目标供水调度规则研究[J].水科学进展,2005,16(6)：875-880.
[19]裘杏莲,汪同庆,戴国瑞,等.调度函数与分区控制规则相结合的优化调度模式研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1994,27(4):382-387.
[20]Consoli S,Matarazzo B,Pappalardo N. Operating rules of an irrigation purposes reservoir using multi-objective optimization[J]. Water Resources Management,2008,22(5):551-564.
[21]黄永皓,张勇传.微分动态规划及回归分析在水库群优化调度中的应用[J].水电能源科学,1986,4(4)：315-322.
[22]陈洋波,陈惠源.水电站群隐随机优化调度函数初探[J].水电能源科学,1990,8(3):216-223
[23]万俊,陈惠源.水电站群优化调度分解协调-聚合分解复合模型研究[J].水力发电学报,1996,2:41-50.
[24]Paredes-arquiola J,Solera-solera A,Andreu-alvarez J. Operation rules for multi-reservoir systems combining heuristic methods and flow networks[J]. Ingenieria Hidraulica En Mexico.2008.23(3):151-164.
[25]TU M Y,HSU N S,TSAI F T C, et al. Optimization of hedging rules for reservoir operations [J] Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2008,134(l):3-13.
[26]田峰巍,颜竹丘.梯级水电站群常规调度图优化编制研究[J].西北水力发电,1991,1:1-6.
[27]李智录,施丽贞,孙世金,等.用逐步计算法编制以灌溉为主水库群的常规调度图[J].水利学报,1993,5:44-47.
[28]张双虎,黄强,黄文政,等.基于模拟遗传混合算法的梯级水库优化调度图制定[J].西安理工大学学报,2006,22(3):229-233.
[29]黄强,张洪波,原文林,等.基于模拟差分演化算法的梯级水库优化调度图研究[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(6)：13-17
[30]尚松浩.水资源系统分析方法及应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006,1
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