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凉山州新引品种KRK26栽培关键技术研究
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摘要
KRK26品种是津巴布韦烟草研究院利用RW和MSK326杂交选育的雄性不育杂交种,是如今津巴布韦主要栽培的烤烟品种之一,具有较高的经济价值。凉山州是我国优质烤烟最适宜区之一,引进优良烤烟新品种将对凉山烟叶的发展具有重要的意义。
     为了探讨烤烟新品种KRK26在凉山烟区的关键栽培技术,开展了不同移栽时期对KRK26生长发育及产质量的影响研究,不同株行距配置对KRK26生长发育及产质量的影响研究,不同施肥方式对KRK26生长发育及产质量的影响研究。主要的研究结果如下:
     (1)KRK26是属于中晚熟品种,故其最佳移栽时间应当在目前常规品种移栽时间的基础上提前。KRK26品种的叶片生长数较多、烟株生长势强,故其移栽密度较稀,有利于充分利用凉山州的气候资源,形成优良品质的烟叶。 KRK26品种对氮肥的施用十分敏感,需要磷中等,需要钾量高,故对其施用的肥料氮磷钾比例为1:1:3,有助于烟株的正常生长。
     (2)在凉山州烤烟品种KRK26的最佳移栽时期是4月10日、最佳的株行距配置是120㎝×60㎝、适宜的施肥方式是每666.67m~2施纯氮5kg,氮磷钾比例为1:1:3。生产的烤烟植物学性状表现好:群体生长整齐一致、生长势强、成熟落黄较好;烟株生长发育良好:株高适宜、叶片数合理、叶面积较大;产量产值较高;原烟外观质量好:成熟度好、颜色多橘黄色、叶片结构疏松;烟叶内在化学成分合理,派生值协调,内在质量高。
     (3)凉山州种植新引品种KRK26的栽培关键技术是:于4月10日移栽,要做到移栽时间相对集中,保证烟株的生长发育相对一致,起到提高烟叶产量和质量均衡的作用;
     其株行距配置为120㎝×60㎝,在适宜的种植密度下,形成良好的烤烟生长群体;
     施肥量为每666.67m~2施纯氮5kg,氮磷钾比例为1:1:3,基肥追肥比例按6:4分配,基肥在大田整地起垄时施用,追肥在移栽后25-30天结合中耕培土一次性施用,保证烤烟快速健壮的生长。
Variety KRK26, one of the main cultivated flue-cured tobacco varieties, is the male sterile hybridwith hybridization of variety RW and MSK326breeded by the Tobacco Research Board (TRB) ofZimbabwe, boasting relatively high economic value. Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province is oneof the most suitable areas to grow flue-cured tobacco leaves with high quality. It has great significancefor the development of Liangshan Tobacco to introduce new varieties with good quality.
     In order to investigate the keys to cultivate KRK26in Liangshan, there was a series of studieshaving been carried out, such as influences on the variety growth, yield and quality with differenttransplanting stages, different line spaces arrangements and different fertilizer application.
     The main research results are coming as follows:
     1. KRK26is a middle late maturing variety, so the transplanting time should be a little earlier thanthat of the regular varieties. Because KRK26boasting plenty of leaves and vigorous plants, thetransplanting density should be arranged a little loose for better use of the suitable climate resources inLiangshan to yield high quality tobacco. KRK26is very keen to the application of Nitrogen fertilizer,moderate to P and high to K, so the suitable ratio of N:P:K for better growth is1:1:3.
     2. The best transplanting time for KRK26is on April10th, the best space between two rows is120cm×60cm, and the best fertilizer application is to use5Kg Nitrogen per666.67m~2and the ratio ofN:P:K is1:1:3. Therefore it can show better botanic characters: uniform plants, vigorous growth, goodmaturity; good growth: suitable plant heights, reasonable leaf number and great leaf area; high yield andvalue; good appearance and quality of tobacco leaves; more orange leaves with high maturity aftercuring, loose tissue, reasonable inner chemical composition, balanced derived values and high quality ofinner tissues.
     3. The keys of cultivation technique of KRK26are coming as follows:
     1). Transplanting them on April10th in relatively concentrated period to make sure the uniformplants and to balance the yield and quality of this variety.
     2). With suitable transplanting density, the space between two rows is120㎝×60㎝will growgood tobacco plants.
     3). The best fertilizer application is to use5Kg Nitrogen per666.67m~2and the ratio of N:P:K is1:1:3. The ratio of base fertilizer and after manure should be6:4. Application of the base fertilizerduring field preparation and ridging and combined intertillage one time topdressing in25to30daysafter transplanting can make sure a quick and vigorous growth of plants.
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