新疆库鲁克塔格兴地河新元古代镁铁—超镁铁岩体研Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的制约
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摘要
新疆库鲁克塔格新元古代中期火成岩受到地学界的普遍关注，这一时期岩浆活动对于探讨该时期的构造环境以及Rodina超大陆裂解事件的动力学机制等地质问题至关重要。本文选择库鲁克塔格兴地河三个镁铁-超镁铁岩体，对其进行了详细的岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学以及Hf同位素研究，探讨其源区特征、岩浆演化过程以及形成的构造背景，为库鲁克塔格新元古代的动力学演化和构造环境之争提供新的制约。获得以下主要认识：
1、兴地I号岩体主体为辉长岩，含少量辉石岩和橄榄辉长岩。辉长岩中央发育不规则状花岗岩，花岗岩侵入于辉长岩中；兴地Ⅱ号岩体有辉石岩、橄榄岩和辉长岩，辉长岩体中存在一期脉状花岗岩；兴地Ⅳ号岩体主要为辉石闪长岩，局部见辉长岩。
2、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究表明：兴地Ⅰ号辉长岩年龄为728±3Ma（MSWD=0.77），中部花岗岩LA-ICP-MS年龄为741±6.3M（MSWD=0.65），边部花岗岩LA-ICP-MS年龄为729.4±2.6Ma（MSWD=1.3）；兴地Ⅱ号花岗岩年龄731±13Ma（MSWD=0.77），略晚于辉长岩体的侵位时代。兴地Ⅳ号辉石闪长岩年龄为737.8±6.4Ma（MSWD=0.47）。兴地河三个岩体均属新元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。
3、三个岩体的辉长岩均为大陆拉斑玄武岩系列，稀土及微量元素分配模式相似，富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE)，亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素（HREE）。其中兴地II号岩体不相容元素富集不显著，轻重稀土分异不明显，相比较而言兴地I号和IV岩体不相容元素较富集，轻重稀土分异适中。三个岩体的地球化学特征表明它们具有同源性，结合兴地IV岩体辉石闪长岩Hf同位素的研究成果（εHf(t)=0.29~-23.78），表明三个岩体源区均是富集型大陆岩石圈地幔。岩浆上升侵位过程中发生结晶分异作用并遭受了地壳的混染。
4、900-1000Ma期间俯冲作用对库鲁克塔格大陆岩石圈的改造，降低了其固相线温度，随后在岩浆活动热传导作用下，诱发大陆岩石圈的大比例部分熔融。受全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的影响，新元古代中期库鲁克塔格地区发生岩浆上涌，并造成经历了地幔交代的大陆岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，进而形成新元古代镁铁-超镁铁岩。在早期裂解过程中（820-800Ma），由于岩石圈地幔厚度大，交代岩石圈地幔发生低程度部分熔融，形成且干布拉克偏碱性镁铁-超镁铁-碳酸岩带；裂解峰期（-760Ma）：随着软流圈上涌，岩石圈强烈减薄并发生高比例部分熔融，拉斑质基性岩浆的分异并侵位产生兴地II号镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体，这一时期的基性岩呈现不同程度的Nb-Ta亏损，具有较低的Nb/La比值，可能反映了岩石圈（地壳）混染作用或者再循环大陆岩石圈地幔的贡献；裂解晚期（-730Ma）：软流圈活动减弱，岩石圈冷却增厚，部分熔融程度降低，基性岩浆的分异和侵位产生兴地I号和IV号岩体镁铁-超镁铁岩，岩浆的底侵位造成上覆下地壳物质的脱水熔融，形成相伴生的花岗岩（兴地I号花岗岩）。
The various igneous rocks of the middle Neoproterozoic that are well developedin Quruqtagh have been received a gread deal of attention to many researchers overthe world. Tectonic environment of this period of magmatism is Rodinasupercontinent breakup event in the dynamics mechanism for the discussion ofgeological problems of vital importance. Three Neoproterozic mafic and ultramaficintrusions in Quruqtagh Xingdi River were selected for comprehensivestudies,detailed outcrop investigations,petrology,LA-ICP-MS ziron U-Pb dating,whole-rock precision geochemical and Hf isotopic，research mafic-ultramafic rock inthe mantle source region characteristics and magma evolurion process.Thus providenew constraints for the dynamics of the Quruqtagh Neoproterozoic evolution andtectonic setting of contention.Some achieves are as following:
1. The main rock lithofacies of Xingdi No.Ⅰintrusions is gabbro,gabbro containa small amout of pyroxenite and olivine gabbro;Xingdi No.Ⅱintrusions mainlycomposed of pyroxene facies.peridotite facies and gabbro facies; Xingdi No.Ⅳintrusions is fine-grained diorite,local gabbro.
2. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology studies have shown thatXingdi No.Ⅰgabbro age of728±3Ma (MSWD=0.77), central granite age of741±6.3M (MSWD=0.65), and edge granite age of729.4±2.6Ma (MSWD=1.3);Xingdi No.Ⅱassociated with the granite age of731±13Ma (MSWD=0.77),slightly later than the gabbro emplacement age. Xingdi No.Ⅳgabbro diorite age is737.8±6.4Ma (MSWD=0.47). The age of three Xingdi River mafic-ultramaficrock are both the middle Neoproterozoic.
3、Three intrusions gabbro are both continental tholeiite series, enriched in largeion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), the loss of Nb,Ta, P and Ti, high-field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy REE (HREE). Xingdi No.Ⅱintrusions incompatible element enrichment and significant HREE fractionationis not obvious, compared Xingdi No.Ⅰand No.Ⅳ enriched in incompatible elementsthan the HREE fractionation is moderate. Xingdi No.Ⅳ gabbro diorite Hf isotope(εHf (t)=0.29~-23.78), indicating that the three rock source areas are enrichedcontinental lithospheric mantle, magma ascent to emplacement crystal fractionationand subjected to crustal contamination.
4. During900-1000Ma the subduction transform the Quruqtagh continentallithosphere, reduce its solidus temperature, and subsequently induce a largeproportion partial melting of the continental lithosphere caused by the Mantle plumeheat conduction.By the impact of the global Rodinia supercontinent breakup event theNeoproterozoic medium-term Quruqtagh region of asthenospheric mantle upwell andcause the partial melting of the continental lithospheric mantle, and thus form theNeoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic rocks. In the early cracking process (820-800Ma),the thickness of the lithospheric mantle, the lithospheric mantle of low degree ofpartial melting, form Qieganbulake alkaline mafic-ultramafic-carbonatites.Duringcontinental breakup (-760Ma), with the asthenosphere upwelling, lithosphericthinning and the occurrence of a high proportion of partial melting, tholeiitic matter ofmafic magma differentiation and emplacement produce Xing II mafic-ultramaficintrusive complex, this period of mafic exhibited various degrees of Nb-Ta loss, haslow Nb/La ratio, may reflect the lithosphere (earth) contamination or recycling ofcontinental lithospheric mantle contribution; cracking advanced (730Ma):asthenosphere activity weakened, lithospheric cooling thickening, degree of partialmelting reduction, basaltic magma differentiation and emplacement produced with Iand IV rock mafic-ultramafic rock, magma underplating caused by overlying lowercrustal material dehydration melting, forming an accompanied granite (with I granite).
1、兴地I号岩体主体为辉长岩，含少量辉石岩和橄榄辉长岩。辉长岩中央发育不规则状花岗岩，花岗岩侵入于辉长岩中；兴地Ⅱ号岩体有辉石岩、橄榄岩和辉长岩，辉长岩体中存在一期脉状花岗岩；兴地Ⅳ号岩体主要为辉石闪长岩，局部见辉长岩。
2、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究表明：兴地Ⅰ号辉长岩年龄为728±3Ma（MSWD=0.77），中部花岗岩LA-ICP-MS年龄为741±6.3M（MSWD=0.65），边部花岗岩LA-ICP-MS年龄为729.4±2.6Ma（MSWD=1.3）；兴地Ⅱ号花岗岩年龄731±13Ma（MSWD=0.77），略晚于辉长岩体的侵位时代。兴地Ⅳ号辉石闪长岩年龄为737.8±6.4Ma（MSWD=0.47）。兴地河三个岩体均属新元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。
3、三个岩体的辉长岩均为大陆拉斑玄武岩系列，稀土及微量元素分配模式相似，富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE)，亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素（HREE）。其中兴地II号岩体不相容元素富集不显著，轻重稀土分异不明显，相比较而言兴地I号和IV岩体不相容元素较富集，轻重稀土分异适中。三个岩体的地球化学特征表明它们具有同源性，结合兴地IV岩体辉石闪长岩Hf同位素的研究成果（εHf(t)=0.29~-23.78），表明三个岩体源区均是富集型大陆岩石圈地幔。岩浆上升侵位过程中发生结晶分异作用并遭受了地壳的混染。
4、900-1000Ma期间俯冲作用对库鲁克塔格大陆岩石圈的改造，降低了其固相线温度，随后在岩浆活动热传导作用下，诱发大陆岩石圈的大比例部分熔融。受全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的影响，新元古代中期库鲁克塔格地区发生岩浆上涌，并造成经历了地幔交代的大陆岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，进而形成新元古代镁铁-超镁铁岩。在早期裂解过程中（820-800Ma），由于岩石圈地幔厚度大，交代岩石圈地幔发生低程度部分熔融，形成且干布拉克偏碱性镁铁-超镁铁-碳酸岩带；裂解峰期（-760Ma）：随着软流圈上涌，岩石圈强烈减薄并发生高比例部分熔融，拉斑质基性岩浆的分异并侵位产生兴地II号镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体，这一时期的基性岩呈现不同程度的Nb-Ta亏损，具有较低的Nb/La比值，可能反映了岩石圈（地壳）混染作用或者再循环大陆岩石圈地幔的贡献；裂解晚期（-730Ma）：软流圈活动减弱，岩石圈冷却增厚，部分熔融程度降低，基性岩浆的分异和侵位产生兴地I号和IV号岩体镁铁-超镁铁岩，岩浆的底侵位造成上覆下地壳物质的脱水熔融，形成相伴生的花岗岩（兴地I号花岗岩）。
The various igneous rocks of the middle Neoproterozoic that are well developedin Quruqtagh have been received a gread deal of attention to many researchers overthe world. Tectonic environment of this period of magmatism is Rodinasupercontinent breakup event in the dynamics mechanism for the discussion ofgeological problems of vital importance. Three Neoproterozic mafic and ultramaficintrusions in Quruqtagh Xingdi River were selected for comprehensivestudies,detailed outcrop investigations,petrology,LA-ICP-MS ziron U-Pb dating,whole-rock precision geochemical and Hf isotopic，research mafic-ultramafic rock inthe mantle source region characteristics and magma evolurion process.Thus providenew constraints for the dynamics of the Quruqtagh Neoproterozoic evolution andtectonic setting of contention.Some achieves are as following:
1. The main rock lithofacies of Xingdi No.Ⅰintrusions is gabbro,gabbro containa small amout of pyroxenite and olivine gabbro;Xingdi No.Ⅱintrusions mainlycomposed of pyroxene facies.peridotite facies and gabbro facies; Xingdi No.Ⅳintrusions is fine-grained diorite,local gabbro.
2. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology studies have shown thatXingdi No.Ⅰgabbro age of728±3Ma (MSWD=0.77), central granite age of741±6.3M (MSWD=0.65), and edge granite age of729.4±2.6Ma (MSWD=1.3);Xingdi No.Ⅱassociated with the granite age of731±13Ma (MSWD=0.77),slightly later than the gabbro emplacement age. Xingdi No.Ⅳgabbro diorite age is737.8±6.4Ma (MSWD=0.47). The age of three Xingdi River mafic-ultramaficrock are both the middle Neoproterozoic.
3、Three intrusions gabbro are both continental tholeiite series, enriched in largeion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), the loss of Nb,Ta, P and Ti, high-field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy REE (HREE). Xingdi No.Ⅱintrusions incompatible element enrichment and significant HREE fractionationis not obvious, compared Xingdi No.Ⅰand No.Ⅳ enriched in incompatible elementsthan the HREE fractionation is moderate. Xingdi No.Ⅳ gabbro diorite Hf isotope(εHf (t)=0.29~-23.78), indicating that the three rock source areas are enrichedcontinental lithospheric mantle, magma ascent to emplacement crystal fractionationand subjected to crustal contamination.
4. During900-1000Ma the subduction transform the Quruqtagh continentallithosphere, reduce its solidus temperature, and subsequently induce a largeproportion partial melting of the continental lithosphere caused by the Mantle plumeheat conduction.By the impact of the global Rodinia supercontinent breakup event theNeoproterozoic medium-term Quruqtagh region of asthenospheric mantle upwell andcause the partial melting of the continental lithospheric mantle, and thus form theNeoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic rocks. In the early cracking process (820-800Ma),the thickness of the lithospheric mantle, the lithospheric mantle of low degree ofpartial melting, form Qieganbulake alkaline mafic-ultramafic-carbonatites.Duringcontinental breakup (-760Ma), with the asthenosphere upwelling, lithosphericthinning and the occurrence of a high proportion of partial melting, tholeiitic matter ofmafic magma differentiation and emplacement produce Xing II mafic-ultramaficintrusive complex, this period of mafic exhibited various degrees of Nb-Ta loss, haslow Nb/La ratio, may reflect the lithosphere (earth) contamination or recycling ofcontinental lithospheric mantle contribution; cracking advanced (730Ma):asthenosphere activity weakened, lithospheric cooling thickening, degree of partialmelting reduction, basaltic magma differentiation and emplacement produced with Iand IV rock mafic-ultramafic rock, magma underplating caused by overlying lowercrustal material dehydration melting, forming an accompanied granite (with I granite).
引文
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