海态水平度测量技术的研究
摘要
针对海态水平度测量的需求，本文论述了一种海态水平度测量方法。
本文根据海态运动的变化以及远距离测量的要求，采用岸、海对瞄内错角相等的测量原理组成了一套测量装置，装置分成三部分：对瞄跟踪；同步采样和激光测距。在对瞄跟踪系统中，采取了投射法，在远距离同步采样中，采用光信号传输，大大缩短了采样时间。并分析了在远距离测量水平度时，地球曲率影响修正量的计算。并为减小对准误差设计了2倍消色差显微物镜；在同步采样方案中，使激光传输达到更好的效果，设计了激光准直系统。
经过陆态实验，测量设备的对准精度为σ=2．5″，采用航天标准2．7σ=6．8″。满足测量要求。
According to the demand of the sea level measurement, A method for measuring the sea level is introduced in his paper. Based on the change of the sea level and the requirement of the long-distance measurement, we have invented a metrology equipment by the bank-sea pointing theory, this equipment includes three parts, which are aiming-tracking system, synchronous sampling system and laser ranging system. The projection method has been taken in the aiming-tracking system and the optical signal propagation method has been taken in the long-distance synchronous sampling system to shorten the time of the sampling. The correction of the earth curvature contribution has been calculated while analyzing the long-distance measuring levelness. A 2~x achromatic microscope has been also designed to reduce the aiming error. For a better propagation of the laser, there is a laser alignment system designed to serve this purpose in the synchronous sampling method.
By the terrestrial experiment, we can achieve a aiming errorσ= 2.5", according to the aero standard 2.7σ= 6.8", it meets the challenge of the measurement.
本文根据海态运动的变化以及远距离测量的要求，采用岸、海对瞄内错角相等的测量原理组成了一套测量装置，装置分成三部分：对瞄跟踪；同步采样和激光测距。在对瞄跟踪系统中，采取了投射法，在远距离同步采样中，采用光信号传输，大大缩短了采样时间。并分析了在远距离测量水平度时，地球曲率影响修正量的计算。并为减小对准误差设计了2倍消色差显微物镜；在同步采样方案中，使激光传输达到更好的效果，设计了激光准直系统。
经过陆态实验，测量设备的对准精度为σ=2．5″，采用航天标准2．7σ=6．8″。满足测量要求。
According to the demand of the sea level measurement, A method for measuring the sea level is introduced in his paper. Based on the change of the sea level and the requirement of the long-distance measurement, we have invented a metrology equipment by the bank-sea pointing theory, this equipment includes three parts, which are aiming-tracking system, synchronous sampling system and laser ranging system. The projection method has been taken in the aiming-tracking system and the optical signal propagation method has been taken in the long-distance synchronous sampling system to shorten the time of the sampling. The correction of the earth curvature contribution has been calculated while analyzing the long-distance measuring levelness. A 2~x achromatic microscope has been also designed to reduce the aiming error. For a better propagation of the laser, there is a laser alignment system designed to serve this purpose in the synchronous sampling method.
By the terrestrial experiment, we can achieve a aiming errorσ= 2.5", according to the aero standard 2.7σ= 6.8", it meets the challenge of the measurement.
引文
[1]王志坚，刘冬梅，付跃刚．光工程基础．北京：兵器工业出版社，2005．
[2]国防科工委科技与质量司组织编写．几何量计量．北京：原子能出版社，2002．
[3]王大珩．现代仪器仪表设计．北京：科学出版社，2003．
[4]Richard Ditteon．现代几何光学．湖南大学，2004．
[5]袁旭沧．现代光学设计方法．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995。
[6]袁旭沧．光学设计．北京；科学出版社，1983．
[7]李士贤，郑乐年．光学设计手册．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1990．
[8]王鹏，李润顺，王志坚．P．W法中的问题。光学学报．16卷10期1996．
[9]李相银，姚敏玉，李卓等．激光原理技术及应用．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2004．
[10]郁道银．谈恒英．工程光学．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
[11]钟锡华，赵凯华．光学．北京：北京大学出版社，1984
[12]王之江 顾培森．实用光学技术手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2006．
[13]刘钧，高明．光学设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2006．
[14]杨振禁，邱炎春．光学工程原理．天津：南开大学出版社，1995．
[15] 《光学仪器设计手册》编辑组．光学仪器设计手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1971.
[16]福建光学技术研究所，国营红星机电厂编译．光学镜头手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1992．
[17]国防科工委科技与质量司组织编写．计量技术基础．北京：原子能出版社，2002．
[18]杨志文．光学测量．北京理工大学出版社，2002．
[19]李林等．APPLIED OPTICS．北京：北京理工出版社．2005．
[20]陆元九．惯性器件．北京：中国宇航出版社．2005．
[21]高扬．CCD动态光电自准直仪的研究．硕士论文．2007．
[22]杜宝勋．半导体激光器原理．北京：兵器工业出版社．2001．
[23]江剑平．半导体激光器．北京：屯子工业出版社，2000．
[24]王鹏．像差理论与光学设计的研究．硕士学位论文．1996．
[25] George R. Armstrong Submarine periscope thermal imaging : its evolution in the UK .SPIE Vol. 2744.
[26] Toshiyasu NAKAO, Atsushi KASHITANI .A 360-degree Panoramic Camera using a Mirror RotationMechanism . SPIE Vol. 4310.
[27] Stan Rollins. AUTONOMOUS MOBILE PERISCOPE SYSTEM (AMPS) IEEE.
[28] Gerrit M. van der Molen and Michael J. Grimble & Submarine Depth and Pitch Control IEEE, 1993.
[29] Eduardo Liceaga-Castro and Gerrit M. van der Molen, Associate Member Submarine Hm Depth ControlUnderWave Disturbances IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 1995.
[30] Anthony J. Grehanl, Mark McKillen .CUSTOMISATION OF RAPID VISUAL RECONNAISSANCESEDIMENT PROFILEIMAGERY. TECHNOLOGY FOR USE WITHIN THE DEEP SEA 0-7803-5045-6/98/$10. 00 01 998 IEEE.
[31] Max Born and Emil Wolf Principles of Optics. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2001.
[32] OSHEA D C. Elements of Modern Design. New York John Wiley, 1985.
[33] Fr' ed' eric Cassaing, B' eatrice Sorrente . Optical design of a Michelson ride-field multiple-aperture.Proc. of SPIE Vol. 5249
[34] Omer L. Hageniers. Inspection Methodology and Data Structure for Large Area ND! SPIE Vol, 2945.
[35] Steve Robbins. Simulation and Flight Trials of a Simple Helmet Mounted SightSystem Incorporating an Optical Helmet Tracking System. SPIE Vol, 3689.
[36] Chris Bigwood, Lee Eccles. Thermal Imager for Dismounted Infantry. SPIE Vol,5612.
[37] James C. DeBruin. Derivation of line-of-sight stabilization equations for gimbaled-mirror optical systems. SPIE Vol. 1543.
[38] Joseph Kostrzewa, William Terre. A Miniature Infrared Sight for both Weapon-Mounted and Handheld Security Applications. SPIE Vol, 5406.
[39] Arnott Hamilton. Strapdown optical stabilisation system for EO sensors on moving platforms. SPIE Vol, 2774.
[40] Toshifurni Shimizu, shinichi, Nagata, Chris Edwards. Image stabilization system on SOLAR-B Solar Optical Telecope. Proc. SPIE. 1998, (7) :1199-2004.
[41] Sung-Hee, Lee, kyung-Hee, Sung-Jea Ko. Digital Image Stabilizer Algorithms based on Bit-Plane Matching. Comsumer Electronics. 1998, 44 (3) :55-60.
[42] D.Holder,W.R.Philips. Electronic Image Stabilization. U.S Patent. 1987, 11(4).
[43] M. Oshima. VHS Camcorder with electronic images Stabilizer. Consumer Electronics. 1989, 35(4);749-750.
[44] D. N. Es KOv, Yu. A. Stepin. Optical image stabilization methods and means. Sov. J. Opt. Technol, 1982,49(1).
[45] Jean Maheux, James Cruikshank, Leandre Sevigny. Vidio-Rate Image Stabilization System. 1998. 34 (14); 232-240.
[46] Koichi Sato, Shigeki Ishizuka. Control Techniques For Optical Image Stabilizing System. Transactions On Consumer Electronics. 1993, 3(3).
[47] Carlos Morimoto, Rama Chellappa. Evaluation of Image Stabilization Algorithms. IEEE 1998, 2789-2792.
[48] G.Wysocki, R.Denk, K.Piglmayer, N.Arnold, andD.Bauerle.Single-step fabricationofsilicon-conearrays. APPLIEDPHYSICSLETTERS, 2003.5(82) 1556-1559.
[49] A. Saitohand K. Tanaka. Self-developing aspherical chalcogenide-glass microlensesforsemiconductorlasers. APPLIEDPHYSICS LETTERS, 2003.9(83) 1726-1730.
[50] Huei-Min Yang, Sun-Yuan Huang, Chao-Wei Lee, Tsong-Sheng Lay, Member, IEEE andWood-Hi Cheng, Senior Member, IEEE, Member, OSA.High-Coupling Tapered Hyperbolic Fiber Microlens and Taper Asymmetry Effect. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY 2004.789-792.
[51] Michael Lidwell Steerable zoom periscope SPIE, Vo(?). 2539/25.
[2]国防科工委科技与质量司组织编写．几何量计量．北京：原子能出版社，2002．
[3]王大珩．现代仪器仪表设计．北京：科学出版社，2003．
[4]Richard Ditteon．现代几何光学．湖南大学，2004．
[5]袁旭沧．现代光学设计方法．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995。
[6]袁旭沧．光学设计．北京；科学出版社，1983．
[7]李士贤，郑乐年．光学设计手册．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1990．
[8]王鹏，李润顺，王志坚．P．W法中的问题。光学学报．16卷10期1996．
[9]李相银，姚敏玉，李卓等．激光原理技术及应用．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2004．
[10]郁道银．谈恒英．工程光学．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
[11]钟锡华，赵凯华．光学．北京：北京大学出版社，1984
[12]王之江 顾培森．实用光学技术手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2006．
[13]刘钧，高明．光学设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2006．
[14]杨振禁，邱炎春．光学工程原理．天津：南开大学出版社，1995．
[15] 《光学仪器设计手册》编辑组．光学仪器设计手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1971.
[16]福建光学技术研究所，国营红星机电厂编译．光学镜头手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1992．
[17]国防科工委科技与质量司组织编写．计量技术基础．北京：原子能出版社，2002．
[18]杨志文．光学测量．北京理工大学出版社，2002．
[19]李林等．APPLIED OPTICS．北京：北京理工出版社．2005．
[20]陆元九．惯性器件．北京：中国宇航出版社．2005．
[21]高扬．CCD动态光电自准直仪的研究．硕士论文．2007．
[22]杜宝勋．半导体激光器原理．北京：兵器工业出版社．2001．
[23]江剑平．半导体激光器．北京：屯子工业出版社，2000．
[24]王鹏．像差理论与光学设计的研究．硕士学位论文．1996．
[25] George R. Armstrong Submarine periscope thermal imaging : its evolution in the UK .SPIE Vol. 2744.
[26] Toshiyasu NAKAO, Atsushi KASHITANI .A 360-degree Panoramic Camera using a Mirror RotationMechanism . SPIE Vol. 4310.
[27] Stan Rollins. AUTONOMOUS MOBILE PERISCOPE SYSTEM (AMPS) IEEE.
[28] Gerrit M. van der Molen and Michael J. Grimble & Submarine Depth and Pitch Control IEEE, 1993.
[29] Eduardo Liceaga-Castro and Gerrit M. van der Molen, Associate Member Submarine Hm Depth ControlUnderWave Disturbances IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 1995.
[30] Anthony J. Grehanl, Mark McKillen .CUSTOMISATION OF RAPID VISUAL RECONNAISSANCESEDIMENT PROFILEIMAGERY. TECHNOLOGY FOR USE WITHIN THE DEEP SEA 0-7803-5045-6/98/$10. 00 01 998 IEEE.
[31] Max Born and Emil Wolf Principles of Optics. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2001.
[32] OSHEA D C. Elements of Modern Design. New York John Wiley, 1985.
[33] Fr' ed' eric Cassaing, B' eatrice Sorrente . Optical design of a Michelson ride-field multiple-aperture.Proc. of SPIE Vol. 5249
[34] Omer L. Hageniers. Inspection Methodology and Data Structure for Large Area ND! SPIE Vol, 2945.
[35] Steve Robbins. Simulation and Flight Trials of a Simple Helmet Mounted SightSystem Incorporating an Optical Helmet Tracking System. SPIE Vol, 3689.
[36] Chris Bigwood, Lee Eccles. Thermal Imager for Dismounted Infantry. SPIE Vol,5612.
[37] James C. DeBruin. Derivation of line-of-sight stabilization equations for gimbaled-mirror optical systems. SPIE Vol. 1543.
[38] Joseph Kostrzewa, William Terre. A Miniature Infrared Sight for both Weapon-Mounted and Handheld Security Applications. SPIE Vol, 5406.
[39] Arnott Hamilton. Strapdown optical stabilisation system for EO sensors on moving platforms. SPIE Vol, 2774.
[40] Toshifurni Shimizu, shinichi, Nagata, Chris Edwards. Image stabilization system on SOLAR-B Solar Optical Telecope. Proc. SPIE. 1998, (7) :1199-2004.
[41] Sung-Hee, Lee, kyung-Hee, Sung-Jea Ko. Digital Image Stabilizer Algorithms based on Bit-Plane Matching. Comsumer Electronics. 1998, 44 (3) :55-60.
[42] D.Holder,W.R.Philips. Electronic Image Stabilization. U.S Patent. 1987, 11(4).
[43] M. Oshima. VHS Camcorder with electronic images Stabilizer. Consumer Electronics. 1989, 35(4);749-750.
[44] D. N. Es KOv, Yu. A. Stepin. Optical image stabilization methods and means. Sov. J. Opt. Technol, 1982,49(1).
[45] Jean Maheux, James Cruikshank, Leandre Sevigny. Vidio-Rate Image Stabilization System. 1998. 34 (14); 232-240.
[46] Koichi Sato, Shigeki Ishizuka. Control Techniques For Optical Image Stabilizing System. Transactions On Consumer Electronics. 1993, 3(3).
[47] Carlos Morimoto, Rama Chellappa. Evaluation of Image Stabilization Algorithms. IEEE 1998, 2789-2792.
[48] G.Wysocki, R.Denk, K.Piglmayer, N.Arnold, andD.Bauerle.Single-step fabricationofsilicon-conearrays. APPLIEDPHYSICSLETTERS, 2003.5(82) 1556-1559.
[49] A. Saitohand K. Tanaka. Self-developing aspherical chalcogenide-glass microlensesforsemiconductorlasers. APPLIEDPHYSICS LETTERS, 2003.9(83) 1726-1730.
[50] Huei-Min Yang, Sun-Yuan Huang, Chao-Wei Lee, Tsong-Sheng Lay, Member, IEEE andWood-Hi Cheng, Senior Member, IEEE, Member, OSA.High-Coupling Tapered Hyperbolic Fiber Microlens and Taper Asymmetry Effect. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY 2004.789-792.
[51] Michael Lidwell Steerable zoom periscope SPIE, Vo(?). 2539/25.
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