商品肉仔鸡多重感染的病因分析及综合防治措施研究
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摘要
商品肉仔鸡群中不同病原的多重感染引起高发病率和高死亡率,严重影响鸡群的生产性能、经济效益,导致多种不同的细菌性和病毒性疾病的继发性感染,易造成对特定疫苗免疫反应的抑制作用,失去免疫效果。
鸡新城疫(New Castle disease)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli )、沙门氏菌( Salmonella gallinarum )、鸡副嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus paragallinarum)、鸡球虫病(Coccidiosis in Chicken)是引起我市商品代肉仔鸡多重感染主要病原。其单独感染发病率在10%～15%,二重感染发病率在16%～22%,三重感染发病率在24%～30%,四重感染发病率在31%～46%。除引起一般临床症状和病理变化外,还有特定症状和病理变化。实际上,最为普遍的危害是造成整个鸡群的抵抗力下降和生产性能降低。处于这种状态的鸡群,当受到其他病毒或细菌感染时极为易感,使其他病毒性和细菌性感染的临床症状、病理病变不典型,使临床表现和病理变化既有其共同性,也有各自的特点,给疫病的鉴别诊断和治疗带来很大的困难。还使整个鸡群对特定疫苗的免疫反应下降或不反应,它还会引起继发感染显著增加。由于目前对多重感染的鉴别诊断比较困难,鸡群中多重感染被忽视,并且对多重感染无特效药治疗,造成多重感染在鸡群中普遍蔓延。
本研究对济宁6个县市的31个商品肉仔鸡饲养场(户)进行流行病学调查,进行病例解剖和病料采集。从调查的鸡群病例中分离到3株细菌、1株病毒、1株原虫病病原。经过流行病学调查、病料触片染色、细菌分离培养、生化试验、药敏试验、动物致病性试验等方法,鉴定3株细菌分别为鸡大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella Gallinarum)、鸡副嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus paragallinarum)。病料加PBS液研磨处理,离心后取上清液一部分用负染进行电镜观察,一部分加双抗处理后接种10枚9日龄PSF鸡胚进行病毒分离培养、血凝及血凝抑制试验,RT-PCR鉴别诊断为新城疫病毒。将病鸡粪样过滤,弃粪渣,离心弃上清液,在沉淀物中加入饱和盐水搅拌均匀,再置于离心机内离心,沾取表层液膜,置于载玻片上,盖上盖玻片,镜检,可观测到虫卵,为鸡球虫病(Coccidiosis in Chicken)病原。
本研究就我市引起肉仔鸡多重感染疾病病原进行了检测与鉴定,对发生多重感染的鸡群临床表现和病理变化进行观察,对发病鸡群中单一感染、双重感染、三重感染、四重感染所占比例进行统计,与多重感染的鸡群死亡率进行分析与研究。单独感染死亡率在4%～10%,二重感染死亡率在12%～15%,三重感染死亡率在18%～23%,四重感染死亡率在28%～36%,死亡率相当高。本研究旨在及时掌握我市肉鸡疾病的流行动态,发病状况,为其肉鸡疾病预防及治疗提供科学的理论依据,搞好新的防治工作,促进我市肉鸡业的发展。
The multiple infection of different pathogens could cause high disease incidence and high death rate in broilers of commercial strain, influenced the performance, economic returns of the broilers, resulted in a wide varieties of bacterial and viral diseases of secondary infection, could lead to the inhibitory to specific vaccine’s immune response easily, to be missing the immunization result.
The New Castle disease, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Gallinarum, Haemophilus paragallinarum, Coccidiosis in chicken are the major pathogens which caused the multiple infections in broilers of commercial strain in our city. Their disease incidence of solo infection is from 10% to 5%, dual infection 16%-22%, triple infection 24%-30%, quadruple infection 31%-46%. In addition to causing the general clinical symptoms and pathological changes, there are also specific symptoms and pathological changes. In fact, the most universal detriment is that the loss of the resistance and the performance of all the broilers. The chickens in such a state were sensitive when they infected by other viruses and bacteria, made atypical symptoms of the other bacterial and viral infections, the clinical manifestation and pathological changes had not only commonness but also had their own characteristics, made it difficult to distinguish, diagnose and control the epidemic disease. It can also lead to the inhibitory and negative reaction to specific vaccine’s immune response. At present, the antidiastole of multiple infections was difficult and the multiple infections were ignored easily in broilers, there’s no leechdom to the multiple infections resulting in a widespread extension in the broilers.
In this study, the epidemiologic survey was taken in 31 broilers of commercial strain farms in six countries and cities of Jining, and we dissected the cases of a particular disease and collected some materials. 3 strains of bacteria, 1 strain of virus and 1strain of protozoal disease etiological agent were isolated from the broilers group. By the methods of epidemiological survey、smearing-staining/separation and cultivation of bacterial、biochemistry experiment、susceptibility test、animal pathogenicity test, it shows that the 3 strains of bacteria were Escherichia coli, E.coli, Salmonella Gallinarum, Haemophilus paragallinarum. The samples were added PBS to ,attrition treatment and centrifugation, then take part of supernatant to negatively dying and microscopic examination, the other part were inoculated into 10 chicken embryos of 9-days by the treatment of double resistance to isolate and culture viruses、do the experiment of HA and HI、RT-PCR, and finally it proved that the virus was NDV attenuated strain. By filtering the masculine stool sample, detruding dregs, centrifuging to detrude supermatant, add saturation brine to sediments and mix well, and centrifuge again, then moisten surface membrance to the slide with coverslip and get microscopy examination, we could see spawn, which was Coccidiosis in Chicken.
This study had detected and identitied arouses the etiological agent which caused the multiple infections of broilers in the city. We observed the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of multiple infections in broilers. The proportion of solo infection, dual infection, triple infection and quadruple infection in broilers have been counted, and the death rate were analysed and invested in the broilers with multiple infections. The high death rate solo infection, dual infection, triple infection and quadruple infection are4%～10%, 12%～15%, 18%～23%, 28%～36%. The aim of this study was grasping the prevail development of the broilers diseases in time, providing scientific theory basis of disease prevention and therapeutics for broilers diseases, doing disease prevention well against chicken diseases. Finally, it can develop the broilers industry in our city.
鸡新城疫(New Castle disease)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli )、沙门氏菌( Salmonella gallinarum )、鸡副嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus paragallinarum)、鸡球虫病(Coccidiosis in Chicken)是引起我市商品代肉仔鸡多重感染主要病原。其单独感染发病率在10%～15%,二重感染发病率在16%～22%,三重感染发病率在24%～30%,四重感染发病率在31%～46%。除引起一般临床症状和病理变化外,还有特定症状和病理变化。实际上,最为普遍的危害是造成整个鸡群的抵抗力下降和生产性能降低。处于这种状态的鸡群,当受到其他病毒或细菌感染时极为易感,使其他病毒性和细菌性感染的临床症状、病理病变不典型,使临床表现和病理变化既有其共同性,也有各自的特点,给疫病的鉴别诊断和治疗带来很大的困难。还使整个鸡群对特定疫苗的免疫反应下降或不反应,它还会引起继发感染显著增加。由于目前对多重感染的鉴别诊断比较困难,鸡群中多重感染被忽视,并且对多重感染无特效药治疗,造成多重感染在鸡群中普遍蔓延。
本研究对济宁6个县市的31个商品肉仔鸡饲养场(户)进行流行病学调查,进行病例解剖和病料采集。从调查的鸡群病例中分离到3株细菌、1株病毒、1株原虫病病原。经过流行病学调查、病料触片染色、细菌分离培养、生化试验、药敏试验、动物致病性试验等方法,鉴定3株细菌分别为鸡大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella Gallinarum)、鸡副嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus paragallinarum)。病料加PBS液研磨处理,离心后取上清液一部分用负染进行电镜观察,一部分加双抗处理后接种10枚9日龄PSF鸡胚进行病毒分离培养、血凝及血凝抑制试验,RT-PCR鉴别诊断为新城疫病毒。将病鸡粪样过滤,弃粪渣,离心弃上清液,在沉淀物中加入饱和盐水搅拌均匀,再置于离心机内离心,沾取表层液膜,置于载玻片上,盖上盖玻片,镜检,可观测到虫卵,为鸡球虫病(Coccidiosis in Chicken)病原。
本研究就我市引起肉仔鸡多重感染疾病病原进行了检测与鉴定,对发生多重感染的鸡群临床表现和病理变化进行观察,对发病鸡群中单一感染、双重感染、三重感染、四重感染所占比例进行统计,与多重感染的鸡群死亡率进行分析与研究。单独感染死亡率在4%～10%,二重感染死亡率在12%～15%,三重感染死亡率在18%～23%,四重感染死亡率在28%～36%,死亡率相当高。本研究旨在及时掌握我市肉鸡疾病的流行动态,发病状况,为其肉鸡疾病预防及治疗提供科学的理论依据,搞好新的防治工作,促进我市肉鸡业的发展。
The multiple infection of different pathogens could cause high disease incidence and high death rate in broilers of commercial strain, influenced the performance, economic returns of the broilers, resulted in a wide varieties of bacterial and viral diseases of secondary infection, could lead to the inhibitory to specific vaccine’s immune response easily, to be missing the immunization result.
The New Castle disease, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Gallinarum, Haemophilus paragallinarum, Coccidiosis in chicken are the major pathogens which caused the multiple infections in broilers of commercial strain in our city. Their disease incidence of solo infection is from 10% to 5%, dual infection 16%-22%, triple infection 24%-30%, quadruple infection 31%-46%. In addition to causing the general clinical symptoms and pathological changes, there are also specific symptoms and pathological changes. In fact, the most universal detriment is that the loss of the resistance and the performance of all the broilers. The chickens in such a state were sensitive when they infected by other viruses and bacteria, made atypical symptoms of the other bacterial and viral infections, the clinical manifestation and pathological changes had not only commonness but also had their own characteristics, made it difficult to distinguish, diagnose and control the epidemic disease. It can also lead to the inhibitory and negative reaction to specific vaccine’s immune response. At present, the antidiastole of multiple infections was difficult and the multiple infections were ignored easily in broilers, there’s no leechdom to the multiple infections resulting in a widespread extension in the broilers.
In this study, the epidemiologic survey was taken in 31 broilers of commercial strain farms in six countries and cities of Jining, and we dissected the cases of a particular disease and collected some materials. 3 strains of bacteria, 1 strain of virus and 1strain of protozoal disease etiological agent were isolated from the broilers group. By the methods of epidemiological survey、smearing-staining/separation and cultivation of bacterial、biochemistry experiment、susceptibility test、animal pathogenicity test, it shows that the 3 strains of bacteria were Escherichia coli, E.coli, Salmonella Gallinarum, Haemophilus paragallinarum. The samples were added PBS to ,attrition treatment and centrifugation, then take part of supernatant to negatively dying and microscopic examination, the other part were inoculated into 10 chicken embryos of 9-days by the treatment of double resistance to isolate and culture viruses、do the experiment of HA and HI、RT-PCR, and finally it proved that the virus was NDV attenuated strain. By filtering the masculine stool sample, detruding dregs, centrifuging to detrude supermatant, add saturation brine to sediments and mix well, and centrifuge again, then moisten surface membrance to the slide with coverslip and get microscopy examination, we could see spawn, which was Coccidiosis in Chicken.
This study had detected and identitied arouses the etiological agent which caused the multiple infections of broilers in the city. We observed the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of multiple infections in broilers. The proportion of solo infection, dual infection, triple infection and quadruple infection in broilers have been counted, and the death rate were analysed and invested in the broilers with multiple infections. The high death rate solo infection, dual infection, triple infection and quadruple infection are4%～10%, 12%～15%, 18%～23%, 28%～36%. The aim of this study was grasping the prevail development of the broilers diseases in time, providing scientific theory basis of disease prevention and therapeutics for broilers diseases, doing disease prevention well against chicken diseases. Finally, it can develop the broilers industry in our city.
引文
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