Beck绝望量表中文版在农村使用的信度与效度研究
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摘要
研究目的:引进并修订Beck绝望量表(Beck Hopelessness Scale, BHS)中文版,分析检验其在我国农村地区使用的信度与效度,采用修订后的BHS对农村自杀未遂被试进行绝望的验证性探索研究,为我国绝望以及农村居民的绝望与自杀关系的研究提供有效的测量和评估工具。
研究方法:随机抽取大连地区县市级6所综合医院健康体检的农村居民及上述医院急诊科收治的108例农村自杀未遂患者作为被试。按照引进和修订量表的标准和程序,将BHS翻译、回译成中文后形成BHS中文预测版;对预试验的316例农村居民施测,测验结果经项目分析对不合适题目进行翻译的调整,形成BHS正式测验版;将BHS正式测验版施测于正式试验的494例农村居民和108例自杀未遂者,测验结果经项目分析后删除不合适的题目,形成BHS中文版;正式试验中随机抽取494例农村居民中的105例于4周后重测,以检验量表的重测信度;随机抽取494例农村居民中的236例施测流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D),以检验准则关联效度。采用Cronbach’sα系数、分半信度和重测信度来检验BHS中文版的信度,效度检验包括结构效度,准则关联效度和区分效度。
研究结果:(1)预试验项目结果显示,题目6、8、13、19的CR值均低于3.0,题目6和题目19的经校正题总相关系数分别为0.084和-0.278,正式试验项目分析结果题目6和19的临界比CR值为2.393和1.958,经校正题总相关系数为0.181和-0.033,删除题目6和19形成BHS中文版。(2)BHS中文版正式试验结果显示:Cronbach’sα系数和分半信度分别为0.849和0.783,重测信度为0.717(P<0.01),量表信度较好;探索性因素分析提取4个因子,共解释55.982%的方差,将这4个因子依次命名为动力的丧失、对未来的感觉、对未来的期望和对未来的不确定;BHS中文版与CES-D的准则关联结果为0.557(P<0.01);区分效度显示普通农村居民和自杀未遂者BHS中文版得分差异显著,证明该量表能够区分不同人群绝望的程度。量表效度较好。
研究结论:BHS中文版的信度和效度基本符合心理测量学的要求,是评估个体绝望水平有效且可靠的测量工具,可应用于中国自杀研究和干预领域。
Objective:The aim of the study was to translate and revise the Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS), and evluate it’s reliability and validity in rural area of China. To provide an effective measurement and evaluation tools for Chinese suicide study.
Methods:The object of the study was random draw from the peasant who go to the county (city) polyclinic for health examination. 108 suicide attmpers also from these polyclinics’s emergency outpatient service .The procedures of the Chinese revise of BHS as follows: The BHS was translated and back-translated by standard method to constructed BHS for pre-test of 316 peasants. Inappropriate items was revised according to pre-test results, then constructed BHS for formal test of 494 peasants and 108 suicide attmpers. Some items was deleted after item analysis, BHS-CR was finally constructed. 105 peasants which random draw from the 494 peasants were re-tested after 4 weeks. Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale (CES-D) was administrated to 236 peasants which also random draw from the 494 peasants. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were ananlyzed for the reliability of BHS-CR. The validity analysis include construct validity ,criteria validity and discrimination validity.
Results:(1). By item analysis, item 6 and item 19‘s critical ratio and corrected item-total score correlation coefficient were below the standard of psychological measurement. Deleted item 6 and item19.BHS-CR was finally consturcted by other 18 items. (2).Results of BHS-CR showed that :The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.849. The Split-half reliability was 0.783. The re-tested reliability was 0.717(p<0.01). Exploratory factor analyses yielded four factors: loss of motivation, feelings about the future, future expectations, uncertain about the future.These factors accounted for 55.982% of the variance.The criteria validity was 0.557(p<0.01) .The score displayed significant difference in the normal peasants group and suicide attemper group, it proved that BHS-CR has good discrimination validity .
Conclusions: The BHS-CR’s reliability and validity met the the requirements of psychometrics. it is proved to be a appropriate tool to test the individual’s hopelessness. BHS-CR could be used in suicide study and prevention study in China.
研究方法:随机抽取大连地区县市级6所综合医院健康体检的农村居民及上述医院急诊科收治的108例农村自杀未遂患者作为被试。按照引进和修订量表的标准和程序,将BHS翻译、回译成中文后形成BHS中文预测版;对预试验的316例农村居民施测,测验结果经项目分析对不合适题目进行翻译的调整,形成BHS正式测验版;将BHS正式测验版施测于正式试验的494例农村居民和108例自杀未遂者,测验结果经项目分析后删除不合适的题目,形成BHS中文版;正式试验中随机抽取494例农村居民中的105例于4周后重测,以检验量表的重测信度;随机抽取494例农村居民中的236例施测流调用抑郁自评量表(CES-D),以检验准则关联效度。采用Cronbach’sα系数、分半信度和重测信度来检验BHS中文版的信度,效度检验包括结构效度,准则关联效度和区分效度。
研究结果:(1)预试验项目结果显示,题目6、8、13、19的CR值均低于3.0,题目6和题目19的经校正题总相关系数分别为0.084和-0.278,正式试验项目分析结果题目6和19的临界比CR值为2.393和1.958,经校正题总相关系数为0.181和-0.033,删除题目6和19形成BHS中文版。(2)BHS中文版正式试验结果显示:Cronbach’sα系数和分半信度分别为0.849和0.783,重测信度为0.717(P<0.01),量表信度较好;探索性因素分析提取4个因子,共解释55.982%的方差,将这4个因子依次命名为动力的丧失、对未来的感觉、对未来的期望和对未来的不确定;BHS中文版与CES-D的准则关联结果为0.557(P<0.01);区分效度显示普通农村居民和自杀未遂者BHS中文版得分差异显著,证明该量表能够区分不同人群绝望的程度。量表效度较好。
研究结论:BHS中文版的信度和效度基本符合心理测量学的要求,是评估个体绝望水平有效且可靠的测量工具,可应用于中国自杀研究和干预领域。
Objective:The aim of the study was to translate and revise the Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS), and evluate it’s reliability and validity in rural area of China. To provide an effective measurement and evaluation tools for Chinese suicide study.
Methods:The object of the study was random draw from the peasant who go to the county (city) polyclinic for health examination. 108 suicide attmpers also from these polyclinics’s emergency outpatient service .The procedures of the Chinese revise of BHS as follows: The BHS was translated and back-translated by standard method to constructed BHS for pre-test of 316 peasants. Inappropriate items was revised according to pre-test results, then constructed BHS for formal test of 494 peasants and 108 suicide attmpers. Some items was deleted after item analysis, BHS-CR was finally constructed. 105 peasants which random draw from the 494 peasants were re-tested after 4 weeks. Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale (CES-D) was administrated to 236 peasants which also random draw from the 494 peasants. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were ananlyzed for the reliability of BHS-CR. The validity analysis include construct validity ,criteria validity and discrimination validity.
Results:(1). By item analysis, item 6 and item 19‘s critical ratio and corrected item-total score correlation coefficient were below the standard of psychological measurement. Deleted item 6 and item19.BHS-CR was finally consturcted by other 18 items. (2).Results of BHS-CR showed that :The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.849. The Split-half reliability was 0.783. The re-tested reliability was 0.717(p<0.01). Exploratory factor analyses yielded four factors: loss of motivation, feelings about the future, future expectations, uncertain about the future.These factors accounted for 55.982% of the variance.The criteria validity was 0.557(p<0.01) .The score displayed significant difference in the normal peasants group and suicide attemper group, it proved that BHS-CR has good discrimination validity .
Conclusions: The BHS-CR’s reliability and validity met the the requirements of psychometrics. it is proved to be a appropriate tool to test the individual’s hopelessness. BHS-CR could be used in suicide study and prevention study in China.
引文
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2. Beck B.; Halling S.; McNabb M.; Miller D.; Rowe J.O.; Schulz J.: Facing Up to Hopelessness: A Dialogal Phenomenological Study. Journal of Religion and Health, Volume 42, Number 4, 2003 , pp. 339-354(16).
3.潘雪幸;丘周萍:无望感之概念分析.护理杂志,51卷1期(2004/02) 85-90.
4. Stotland,E(1969).The psychiatry of hope.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
5. Grinker,R., Miller,R., Sabshin, Nunn, R., &Nunnally,J.(1961):The phenomena of depressions.New York:Paul B.Hoeber Inc.
6. Miller,J.F., & Powers,M.J. (1988) .Development of an instrument to measure hope. Nursing Research,37,6-10.
7. Obayuwana, A.O., Collins,J., Carter,A., et al. (1982). Hope Index Scale: An instrument for the objective assessment of hope.Journal of the National Medical Association,74.761-765.
8. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., et al.(1991).The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual differences measure of hope.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,60,570-585.
9. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, et al. The measurement of pessimism: The hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42(6): 861-865.
10. Beck,A.t. (1963). Thinking and distortion.Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-567.
11. Minkoff K,Bergman E,Beck AT,et al:Hopelessness,depression,and attempted suicide.Am J Psychiatry 130:455-459,1973.
12. Aaron T Beck,Maria Kovacs,Arlene Weissman:Hopelessness and Suicidal Behavior.JAMA Dec15,1975-Vol 234 No.11.
13. Wetzel RD:Hopelessness,depression,and suicide intent.Arch Gen Psychiatry.
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15. BeckA.T.,Steer,R.A.,Kovacs,&Garrison,B.(1985).Hopelessness and eventual suicide:A 10 year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation.American Journal of Psychiatry,145,559-563.
16. Wen-Hung Kuo,Joseph J.Gallo,William W.Eaton:Hopelessness, depression,substance disorder, and suicidality: A 13-year community-based study. Soc Psychiatyr Psychiatr Epidemiol(2004)39:497-501.
17. Beck,A.T.,Kovacs,M.,&Weissman,A.(1975).Assessment of suicidal intention: The scale for suicide ideation.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47,343-352.
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2. Beck B.; Halling S.; McNabb M.; Miller D.; Rowe J.O.; Schulz J.: Facing Up to Hopelessness: A Dialogal Phenomenological Study. Journal of Religion and Health, Volume 42, Number 4, 2003 , pp. 339-354(16).
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2. Beck B.; Halling S.; McNabb M.; Miller D.; Rowe J.O.; Schulz J.: Facing Up to Hopelessness: A Dialogal Phenomenological Study. Journal of Religion and Health, Volume 42, Number 4, 2003 , pp. 339-354(16).
3.潘雪幸;丘周萍:无望感之概念分析.护理杂志,51卷1期(2004/02) 85-90.
4. Stotland,E(1969).The psychiatry of hope.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
5. Grinker,R., Miller,R., Sabshin, Nunn, R., &Nunnally,J.(1961):The phenomena of depressions.New York:Paul B.Hoeber Inc.
6. Miller,J.F., & Powers,M.J. (1988) .Development of an instrument to measure hope. Nursing Research,37,6-10.
7. Obayuwana, A.O., Collins,J., Carter,A., et al. (1982). Hope Index Scale: An instrument for the objective assessment of hope.Journal of the National Medical Association,74.761-765.
8. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., et al.(1991).The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual differences measure of hope.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,60,570-585.
9. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, et al. The measurement of pessimism: The hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42(6): 861-865.
10. Beck,A.t. (1963). Thinking and distortion.Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-567.
11. Minkoff K,Bergman E,Beck AT,et al:Hopelessness,depression,and attempted suicide.Am J Psychiatry 130:455-459,1973.
12. Aaron T Beck,Maria Kovacs,Arlene Weissman:Hopelessness and Suicidal Behavior.JAMA Dec15,1975-Vol 234 No.11.
13. Wetzel RD:Hopelessness,depression,and suicide intent.Arch Gen Psychiatry.
14. Dyer, J. A. T., & Kreitman.N. (1984 ).Hopelessness , depression and suicidal intent in parasuicide.British Journal of Psychiatry,144,127-133.
15. BeckA.T.,Steer,R.A.,Kovacs,&Garrison,B.(1985).Hopelessness and eventual suicide:A 10 year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation.American Journal of Psychiatry,145,559-563.
16. Wen-Hung Kuo,Joseph J.Gallo,William W.Eaton:Hopelessness, depression,substance disorder, and suicidality: A 13-year community-based study. Soc Psychiatyr Psychiatr Epidemiol(2004)39:497-501.
17. Beck,A.T.,Kovacs,M.,&Weissman,A.(1975).Assessment of suicidal intention: The scale for suicide ideation.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47,343-352.
18. Durham,T.W.(1982).Norms, reliability, and item analysis of the hopelessness scale in general, forensic, and college population.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38,597-600.
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