羟甲香豆素喷雾剂的研究
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摘要
羟甲香豆素具有显著的杀螨活性,但因水溶性差,限制了其在临床中的应用;微乳具有增加药物溶解度,增加药物的透皮吸收等优点,多被用于经皮给药;喷雾剂具有使药物分散均匀、可直接到达作用部位、吸收速度快、稳定性好等特点。结合微乳药物载体和喷雾剂剂型的优点,本研究制备羟甲香豆素微乳型喷雾剂,并对其质量、安全性和药效进行研究。
1.羟甲香豆素微乳的处方前研究。采用紫外分光光度法对羟甲香豆素对照品溶液、原料药溶液、空白微乳溶液、含药微乳溶液进行全波长扫描确定最大吸收波长,并建立羟甲香豆素含量的测定方法,并以正辛醇为有机相测定羟甲香豆素的油水分配系数及在各辅料中的溶解度。结果表明,供试的羟甲香豆素样品液在324nm处均有特征吸收,而空白微乳液无吸收。建立的紫外分光光光度法测定羟甲香豆素含量的标准曲线方程为A=0.083x+0.0529(r=0.9986),在0～30μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率(100.263±2.83)%,日内、日间精密度均小于1%。羟甲香豆素的油水分配系数为15.67,LogP=1.20。羟甲香豆素在水中和各药物辅料中的饱和溶解度较小,属于脂水难溶性化合物,其在水中的溶解度为0.16mg/mL,在油酸乙酯、GTCC、维生素E油、IPM等油相中分别为1.40、1.38、1.25、1.02mg/mL;在Tween80、Tween60、EL-35、RH40等表面活性剂中分别为27.55、27.21、21.33、17.88mg/mL;在二乙二醇单乙醚、PEG-400、1,2-丙二醇、无水乙醇等助表面活性剂中分别为44.65、39.08、25.49、22.23mg/mL。
2.羟甲香豆素微乳处方和制备工艺研究。通过羟甲香豆素在油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂中的溶解度分析,绘制伪三元相图,筛选空白微乳处方,并考察羟甲香豆素加入顺序、分散方式和分散温度不同对微乳形成的影响,确定载药量高且稳定的羟甲香豆素微乳处方及其制备工艺。结果表明,油酸乙酯/RH40/正丁醇/氮酮/蒸馏水系统和油酸乙酯/Tween80/异丙醇/氮酮/蒸馏水系统易于形成微乳,载药量高且稳定好的羟甲香豆素微乳处方为:0.9%羟甲香豆素、22.5%Tween80、22.5%异丙醇、5%油酸乙酯、5%氮酮、44.1%蒸馏水,其制备工艺为:将处方量的油、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、氮酮混合后,加入处方量的羟甲香豆素,超声10min,于40℃水浴中磁力搅拌,至羟甲香豆素完全溶解,缓慢滴加蒸馏水至足量。
3.羟甲香豆素微乳型喷雾剂的质量评价。按配方制备0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳及微乳型喷雾剂,利用离心法、染色法和稀释法,鉴别微乳的结构类型,透射电镜观察形态,激光粒度分析粒径分布,紫外分光光度测定含量。结果表明,制备的羟甲香豆素微乳为O/W型;淡黄色,澄清透明,流动性好,pH6～7,乳滴呈球形,分布均匀,平均粒径37nm,多分散系数为0.128,94%的粒子粒径介于10～40nm之间,羟甲香豆素平均含量8.54mg/mL。羟甲香豆素微乳型喷雾剂平均装量28.83mL,每瓶总喷次192次,每喷喷量0.15g,每喷主药含量1.22mg。
4.羟甲香豆素微乳的安全性和药效学评价。通过皮肤急性毒性试验、皮肤刺激性试验、离体杀螨试验和在体杀螨试验,对羟甲香豆素微乳的安全性和药效进行评价。结果表明,0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳皮肤涂敷给药各试验组,试验期内均未见中毒症状和出现死亡。0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳对完整皮肤未引起红斑和水肿刺激反应。对破损皮肤在1h时的刺激分值为1,属轻度刺激,24h后的刺激分值等于或小于0.5,属无刺激性。0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳离体试验3h时可杀死全部供试螨虫,24h杀螨校正死亡率为100%,0.9%羟甲香豆素溶液和0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液24h杀螨校正死亡率分别为7.14%和60.00%。统计学分析表明,0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳的杀螨效果优于0.9%羟甲香豆素溶液和0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液(P<0.01)。0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳在体治疗第7天时供试兔耳廓光滑干净,耳道内有少量结痂或没有结痂,显微镜检查未见活螨,第14天时耳道内结痂均脱落消失,0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液在第7天时耳廓干净,耳道里充满结痂,显微镜检查见少量活螨,第14天时耳道内有少量痂皮,评分数据分析表明,第14天时0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳和0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液的治疗效果相当(P>0.05)。
Hymecromone has significant acaricidal activity, but because of poor water solubility, its clinical application was limited. With advantages of increasing solubility and transdermal absorption of drugs, microemulsion was mostly used for transdermal delivery. Spray could make drugs dispersed, reach the sites of action directly, absorb quickly and stability good. Based on taking advantages of microemulsion drug delivery and spray, hymecromone microemulsion spray was prepared in this study, and its quality, safety and efficacy was studied.
1. Study before the prescription of hymecromone microemulsion. In order to determine oil-water partition coefficient of hymecromone and solubility in drug excipients, the maximum absorption wavelength was confirmed by UV spectrophotometry with the contrast solution of hymecromone, crude drug solution, blank microemulsion solution and hymecromone microemulsion solution to establish method of determing content of hymecromone by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the tested hymecromone sample solution had the maximum absorption in 324 nm but blank microemulsion solution had not. The calibration curve for the quantitative analysis of hymecromone by UV spectrophotometry was A=0.083x+0.0529(r=0.9986), the linear relationship was good in the range of 0μg/mL～30μg/mL and the average recovery was (100.26±2.83)%. The RSD of with-day and between-day precision were less than 1%, respectively. The oil-water partition coefficient of hymecromone was 15.67, Log P was 1.20. The solubility of hymecromone was small in oil phase, water or the pharmaceutical excipients. Its solubility in water was 0.16 mg/mL, in oil phase, such as ethyl oleate, GTCC, vitamin E Oil, IPM, was 1.40, 1.38, 1.25, 1.02 mg/mL, respectively, in sufactants, such as Tween80, Tween60, EL-35, RH40 was 27.55, 27.21, 21.33, 17.88 mg/mL, respectively, in cosufactants, such as Diethylene glycol monoethy ether, PEG400, 1,2-Propanediol and ethanol, were 44.65, 39.08 25.49 and 22.23 mg/mL, respectively.
2. Studies of hymecromone microemulsion formulation and preparation technology. Through analysis of solubility of hymecromone in oil phases, sufactants and cosufactants, and drawing of pseudo-ternary phase diagram, microemulsion formation was determined and the effect of preparing microemulsion about the different order of adding hymecromone, dispersing ways and temperature on microemulsion preparation were investigated to determine microemulsion preparation technology. The results showed that the system of ethyl oleate/ RH40/n-butanol/azone/distilled water and the system of ethyl oleate/Tween80/ iso-prophl alcohol/azone/distilled water were easy to form microemulsion. The prescription with high drug content and good stable was 0.9% hymecromone, 22.5% Tween80, 22.5% iso-prophl alcohol, 5% ethyl oleate, 5% azone and 44.1% distilled water. The preparation technology was that adding hymecromone to the mixture of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and azone, then ultrasounded 10 min, magnetic stirring in 40℃, until the drug completely dissolved, then dripped distilled water enough slowly to form microemulsion.
3. Spray quality evaluation of hymecromone microemulsion. According to microemulsion prescription, 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion and its spray were prepared. The structure type of hymecromone microemulsion was judged by the method of centrifugation, staining and dilution. Its appearance and particle diameter distribution were investigated by transmission electron microscope and laser particle size analysator, respectively. The contents of hymecromone microemulsion were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that hymecromone microemulsion was the type of oil-in-water and the liquid was pallideflavens, clear, well-distributed with good flowability. pH was 6~7. The microemulsion drop presented spherical shape, and the drop size averaged 37 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.128, the particle size of 94% was range of 10～40 nm. The mean content of hymecromone was 8.54 mg/mL in the hymecromone microemulsion. The average filled volume of hymecromone microemulsion spray was 28.83 mL, the total times per bottle were 192, each volume per jet was 0.15 g, content of hymecromone each spray were 1.22 mg.
4. Safety and efficacy evaluation of hymecromone microemulsion. Skin acute toxicity test, skin irritation test, in vitro and in vivo acaricidal experiment were used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hymecromone microemulsion. The results showed that after administration of the test group of skin coating with 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion, rabbits in experiment period had no toxic reactions and death. 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion on the intact skin did not cause erythema and edema stimulation. On the broken skin, the irritant score was one after one hour, it belonged to mild stimulation, the irritant score was equal to or less than 0.5 after 24 hours, it was no irritant. The tested mites were all killed in vitro by 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion after 3 h, corrected mortality was 100% after 24 hours. Corrected mortalities were 7.14% and 60% of 0.9% hymecromone solution and 0.3 mg/mL dicofol solution group after 24 hours, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of killing mites of 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion was better than 0.3 mg/mL dicofol solution (P <0.01). The ears of tested rabbits were smooth and clean, with a little scars or no scar in ear canal by giving 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion in vivo at the 7th day, no live mites were found by microscopy, and at the 14th day, there was no scar in ear canal. The ears of tested rabbits which gave 0.3 mg/mL dicofol were clean, ear canal filled with scabs, a small amount of live mites were found at the 7th day, ant there was little scabs in the era canal at the 14th day. Score data showed that therapeutic effect of 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion was same as 0.3mg/mL dicofol(p>0.05).
1.羟甲香豆素微乳的处方前研究。采用紫外分光光度法对羟甲香豆素对照品溶液、原料药溶液、空白微乳溶液、含药微乳溶液进行全波长扫描确定最大吸收波长,并建立羟甲香豆素含量的测定方法,并以正辛醇为有机相测定羟甲香豆素的油水分配系数及在各辅料中的溶解度。结果表明,供试的羟甲香豆素样品液在324nm处均有特征吸收,而空白微乳液无吸收。建立的紫外分光光光度法测定羟甲香豆素含量的标准曲线方程为A=0.083x+0.0529(r=0.9986),在0～30μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率(100.263±2.83)%,日内、日间精密度均小于1%。羟甲香豆素的油水分配系数为15.67,LogP=1.20。羟甲香豆素在水中和各药物辅料中的饱和溶解度较小,属于脂水难溶性化合物,其在水中的溶解度为0.16mg/mL,在油酸乙酯、GTCC、维生素E油、IPM等油相中分别为1.40、1.38、1.25、1.02mg/mL;在Tween80、Tween60、EL-35、RH40等表面活性剂中分别为27.55、27.21、21.33、17.88mg/mL;在二乙二醇单乙醚、PEG-400、1,2-丙二醇、无水乙醇等助表面活性剂中分别为44.65、39.08、25.49、22.23mg/mL。
2.羟甲香豆素微乳处方和制备工艺研究。通过羟甲香豆素在油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂中的溶解度分析,绘制伪三元相图,筛选空白微乳处方,并考察羟甲香豆素加入顺序、分散方式和分散温度不同对微乳形成的影响,确定载药量高且稳定的羟甲香豆素微乳处方及其制备工艺。结果表明,油酸乙酯/RH40/正丁醇/氮酮/蒸馏水系统和油酸乙酯/Tween80/异丙醇/氮酮/蒸馏水系统易于形成微乳,载药量高且稳定好的羟甲香豆素微乳处方为:0.9%羟甲香豆素、22.5%Tween80、22.5%异丙醇、5%油酸乙酯、5%氮酮、44.1%蒸馏水,其制备工艺为:将处方量的油、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、氮酮混合后,加入处方量的羟甲香豆素,超声10min,于40℃水浴中磁力搅拌,至羟甲香豆素完全溶解,缓慢滴加蒸馏水至足量。
3.羟甲香豆素微乳型喷雾剂的质量评价。按配方制备0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳及微乳型喷雾剂,利用离心法、染色法和稀释法,鉴别微乳的结构类型,透射电镜观察形态,激光粒度分析粒径分布,紫外分光光度测定含量。结果表明,制备的羟甲香豆素微乳为O/W型;淡黄色,澄清透明,流动性好,pH6～7,乳滴呈球形,分布均匀,平均粒径37nm,多分散系数为0.128,94%的粒子粒径介于10～40nm之间,羟甲香豆素平均含量8.54mg/mL。羟甲香豆素微乳型喷雾剂平均装量28.83mL,每瓶总喷次192次,每喷喷量0.15g,每喷主药含量1.22mg。
4.羟甲香豆素微乳的安全性和药效学评价。通过皮肤急性毒性试验、皮肤刺激性试验、离体杀螨试验和在体杀螨试验,对羟甲香豆素微乳的安全性和药效进行评价。结果表明,0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳皮肤涂敷给药各试验组,试验期内均未见中毒症状和出现死亡。0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳对完整皮肤未引起红斑和水肿刺激反应。对破损皮肤在1h时的刺激分值为1,属轻度刺激,24h后的刺激分值等于或小于0.5,属无刺激性。0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳离体试验3h时可杀死全部供试螨虫,24h杀螨校正死亡率为100%,0.9%羟甲香豆素溶液和0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液24h杀螨校正死亡率分别为7.14%和60.00%。统计学分析表明,0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳的杀螨效果优于0.9%羟甲香豆素溶液和0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液(P<0.01)。0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳在体治疗第7天时供试兔耳廓光滑干净,耳道内有少量结痂或没有结痂,显微镜检查未见活螨,第14天时耳道内结痂均脱落消失,0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液在第7天时耳廓干净,耳道里充满结痂,显微镜检查见少量活螨,第14天时耳道内有少量痂皮,评分数据分析表明,第14天时0.9%羟甲香豆素微乳和0.3mg/mL三氯杀螨醇溶液的治疗效果相当(P>0.05)。
Hymecromone has significant acaricidal activity, but because of poor water solubility, its clinical application was limited. With advantages of increasing solubility and transdermal absorption of drugs, microemulsion was mostly used for transdermal delivery. Spray could make drugs dispersed, reach the sites of action directly, absorb quickly and stability good. Based on taking advantages of microemulsion drug delivery and spray, hymecromone microemulsion spray was prepared in this study, and its quality, safety and efficacy was studied.
1. Study before the prescription of hymecromone microemulsion. In order to determine oil-water partition coefficient of hymecromone and solubility in drug excipients, the maximum absorption wavelength was confirmed by UV spectrophotometry with the contrast solution of hymecromone, crude drug solution, blank microemulsion solution and hymecromone microemulsion solution to establish method of determing content of hymecromone by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the tested hymecromone sample solution had the maximum absorption in 324 nm but blank microemulsion solution had not. The calibration curve for the quantitative analysis of hymecromone by UV spectrophotometry was A=0.083x+0.0529(r=0.9986), the linear relationship was good in the range of 0μg/mL～30μg/mL and the average recovery was (100.26±2.83)%. The RSD of with-day and between-day precision were less than 1%, respectively. The oil-water partition coefficient of hymecromone was 15.67, Log P was 1.20. The solubility of hymecromone was small in oil phase, water or the pharmaceutical excipients. Its solubility in water was 0.16 mg/mL, in oil phase, such as ethyl oleate, GTCC, vitamin E Oil, IPM, was 1.40, 1.38, 1.25, 1.02 mg/mL, respectively, in sufactants, such as Tween80, Tween60, EL-35, RH40 was 27.55, 27.21, 21.33, 17.88 mg/mL, respectively, in cosufactants, such as Diethylene glycol monoethy ether, PEG400, 1,2-Propanediol and ethanol, were 44.65, 39.08 25.49 and 22.23 mg/mL, respectively.
2. Studies of hymecromone microemulsion formulation and preparation technology. Through analysis of solubility of hymecromone in oil phases, sufactants and cosufactants, and drawing of pseudo-ternary phase diagram, microemulsion formation was determined and the effect of preparing microemulsion about the different order of adding hymecromone, dispersing ways and temperature on microemulsion preparation were investigated to determine microemulsion preparation technology. The results showed that the system of ethyl oleate/ RH40/n-butanol/azone/distilled water and the system of ethyl oleate/Tween80/ iso-prophl alcohol/azone/distilled water were easy to form microemulsion. The prescription with high drug content and good stable was 0.9% hymecromone, 22.5% Tween80, 22.5% iso-prophl alcohol, 5% ethyl oleate, 5% azone and 44.1% distilled water. The preparation technology was that adding hymecromone to the mixture of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and azone, then ultrasounded 10 min, magnetic stirring in 40℃, until the drug completely dissolved, then dripped distilled water enough slowly to form microemulsion.
3. Spray quality evaluation of hymecromone microemulsion. According to microemulsion prescription, 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion and its spray were prepared. The structure type of hymecromone microemulsion was judged by the method of centrifugation, staining and dilution. Its appearance and particle diameter distribution were investigated by transmission electron microscope and laser particle size analysator, respectively. The contents of hymecromone microemulsion were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that hymecromone microemulsion was the type of oil-in-water and the liquid was pallideflavens, clear, well-distributed with good flowability. pH was 6~7. The microemulsion drop presented spherical shape, and the drop size averaged 37 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.128, the particle size of 94% was range of 10～40 nm. The mean content of hymecromone was 8.54 mg/mL in the hymecromone microemulsion. The average filled volume of hymecromone microemulsion spray was 28.83 mL, the total times per bottle were 192, each volume per jet was 0.15 g, content of hymecromone each spray were 1.22 mg.
4. Safety and efficacy evaluation of hymecromone microemulsion. Skin acute toxicity test, skin irritation test, in vitro and in vivo acaricidal experiment were used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hymecromone microemulsion. The results showed that after administration of the test group of skin coating with 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion, rabbits in experiment period had no toxic reactions and death. 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion on the intact skin did not cause erythema and edema stimulation. On the broken skin, the irritant score was one after one hour, it belonged to mild stimulation, the irritant score was equal to or less than 0.5 after 24 hours, it was no irritant. The tested mites were all killed in vitro by 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion after 3 h, corrected mortality was 100% after 24 hours. Corrected mortalities were 7.14% and 60% of 0.9% hymecromone solution and 0.3 mg/mL dicofol solution group after 24 hours, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of killing mites of 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion was better than 0.3 mg/mL dicofol solution (P <0.01). The ears of tested rabbits were smooth and clean, with a little scars or no scar in ear canal by giving 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion in vivo at the 7th day, no live mites were found by microscopy, and at the 14th day, there was no scar in ear canal. The ears of tested rabbits which gave 0.3 mg/mL dicofol were clean, ear canal filled with scabs, a small amount of live mites were found at the 7th day, ant there was little scabs in the era canal at the 14th day. Score data showed that therapeutic effect of 0.9% hymecromone microemulsion was same as 0.3mg/mL dicofol(p>0.05).
引文
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