青藏高原东部边缘地区泥石流发育规律的对比研究
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摘要
位于青藏高原东部边缘地区的小江流域和白龙江流域是我国泥石流分布范围最广、发生规模最大、爆发最频繁的地区。因其位置的独特性,两个流域泥石流发育规律有很大的可比性,对两个流域泥石流发育环境、分布特征及第四纪古泥石流活动规律进行对比研究,可以帮助我们更好的认识青藏高原东部边缘地区泥石流的形成、分布、演化及今后的发展趋势与发育环境的关系,为不同泥石流区域的环境整治工作提供方向依据。
小江流域与白龙江流域位于我国南北地貌边界构造带的两端,又地处季风边缘带,为泥石流发育提供了有利条件。小江流域和白龙江流域不仅现代泥石流发育,而且古泥石流沉积层分布也十分广泛。本文分析对比两个流域泥石流形成的内外动力因子,在两个流域泥石流形成的诸多环境因子中,地质构造、新构造运动的间歇性抬升、人类活动等对白龙江流域与小江流域泥石流形成是比较稳定的环境因子;在其它因子中气温年较差、地层岩性、坡度条件对白龙江流域泥石流形成更加活跃,而降水因子对小江流域泥石流形成则较白龙江流域活跃。
在青藏高原东部边缘地区泥石流分布特征的分析中,主要对比了两个流域泥石流区的分布位置、泥石流沟的分布密度特点、泥石流沟的空间分布特点以及泥石流发生的时间分布特点,并得出了两流域在以上几个方面的相关性。
对第四纪古泥石流研究,笔者主要通过两个流域古泥石流的沉积特征、阶地分布的地貌部位以及它们之间相互关系,结合测年资料和文献分析对两个流域的第四纪古泥石流进行了分期,两流域第四纪古泥石流均可分为八期。并从新构造运动、阶地地貌和气候变化探讨了泥石流发育过程和发育环境的关系,结合冰期间冰期的大气环流形式、孢粉组合特征及化学元素全量分析结果的证据,总结得出在青藏高原第四纪泥石流活动周期中,白龙江流域泥石流的活动周期主要受气候旋回的控制,即泥石流发育与间冰期或冰期的间冰阶相对应;小江流域泥石流活动周期主要受新构造运动的控制,即每次新构造间歇性的抬升活动发生之后,泥石流活动也相应出现,随着时间的推移,泥石流活动逐渐减弱。
Xiaojiang River basin and Bailongjiang River basin lying in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the areas where the debris flow is the most widely distributed and the largest and the most frequent occurred in China. With the uniqueness of its location, there are comparabilities to debris flow development law of the two river basin.The comparative study of debris flow activity law of the two river basin in the formation conditions and distribution of debris flow and Quaternary debris flow activity law in the ancient can help us better understand the relationship between the environment and the formation, distribution, evolution and future development trend of debris flow in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region,and provide direction for environmental management based on development for different regions of debris flow.
Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang river basin not only develop the modern debris flow, but also the distribution of ancient debris flow deposits are also widespread. Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang River basin is located in ends of the border belt of China's north and south of landforms, but also located in the marginal zone of the monsoon, in order to provide favorable conditions for development of debris flow. In this paper, by analysis and comparison of two debris basins formed by internal and external motivation factors, the geological structure, the the intermittent uplift of new tectonic movement and human activities are stable environmental factors in many environmental factors. The years of poor temperature, lithology, slope conditions on the formation are more active to Bailongjiang valley debris flow, while the precipitation factors on the formation of debris flows in Xiaojiang River Basin are more active in Bailongjiang River Basin.
The analysis of debris flow distribution characteristics of the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region mainly compares the locations of two valley debris flow areas, the distribution density of debris flow, characteristics of the spatial distribution of debris flow ,characteristics of the distribution characteristics of debris flow occurred at a time, and reaches the relevance of these aspects in the two basins.
Ancient mud-rock flow on the Quaternary research, the author mainly relies on sedimentary characteristics of the two basin of ancient mud-rock, landscape positions of terrace distribution and their relationships,with a number of dating data and literature analysis of the Quaternary basin of the two ancient mud-rock flow carried out in phases, the two Quaternary basin can be divided into eight ancient mud-rock flow. And by the new tectonic movement, terraces landscape and climate change during development of the debris flow and development of the relationship between the environment, combined with the evidence of the atmospheric circulation forms of Glaciation and Interglacial during the Quaternary,characteristics of sporo-pollen assemblage and total analysis of chemical element,the following conclusion will be given:in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Quaternary debris flow activity cycle, the Bailongjiang River debris flow activity cycle was mainly affected by climatic cycles of control, that is, debris Development was corresponding to the Interglacial or interstadial;Xiaojiang river valley debris flow activity cycle mainly was affected by the new tectonic movement of the control,that is,each new tectonic uplift of activity occurred intermittently after the debris flow activity began.
小江流域与白龙江流域位于我国南北地貌边界构造带的两端,又地处季风边缘带,为泥石流发育提供了有利条件。小江流域和白龙江流域不仅现代泥石流发育,而且古泥石流沉积层分布也十分广泛。本文分析对比两个流域泥石流形成的内外动力因子,在两个流域泥石流形成的诸多环境因子中,地质构造、新构造运动的间歇性抬升、人类活动等对白龙江流域与小江流域泥石流形成是比较稳定的环境因子;在其它因子中气温年较差、地层岩性、坡度条件对白龙江流域泥石流形成更加活跃,而降水因子对小江流域泥石流形成则较白龙江流域活跃。
在青藏高原东部边缘地区泥石流分布特征的分析中,主要对比了两个流域泥石流区的分布位置、泥石流沟的分布密度特点、泥石流沟的空间分布特点以及泥石流发生的时间分布特点,并得出了两流域在以上几个方面的相关性。
对第四纪古泥石流研究,笔者主要通过两个流域古泥石流的沉积特征、阶地分布的地貌部位以及它们之间相互关系,结合测年资料和文献分析对两个流域的第四纪古泥石流进行了分期,两流域第四纪古泥石流均可分为八期。并从新构造运动、阶地地貌和气候变化探讨了泥石流发育过程和发育环境的关系,结合冰期间冰期的大气环流形式、孢粉组合特征及化学元素全量分析结果的证据,总结得出在青藏高原第四纪泥石流活动周期中,白龙江流域泥石流的活动周期主要受气候旋回的控制,即泥石流发育与间冰期或冰期的间冰阶相对应;小江流域泥石流活动周期主要受新构造运动的控制,即每次新构造间歇性的抬升活动发生之后,泥石流活动也相应出现,随着时间的推移,泥石流活动逐渐减弱。
Xiaojiang River basin and Bailongjiang River basin lying in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the areas where the debris flow is the most widely distributed and the largest and the most frequent occurred in China. With the uniqueness of its location, there are comparabilities to debris flow development law of the two river basin.The comparative study of debris flow activity law of the two river basin in the formation conditions and distribution of debris flow and Quaternary debris flow activity law in the ancient can help us better understand the relationship between the environment and the formation, distribution, evolution and future development trend of debris flow in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region,and provide direction for environmental management based on development for different regions of debris flow.
Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang river basin not only develop the modern debris flow, but also the distribution of ancient debris flow deposits are also widespread. Bailongjiang and Xiaojiang River basin is located in ends of the border belt of China's north and south of landforms, but also located in the marginal zone of the monsoon, in order to provide favorable conditions for development of debris flow. In this paper, by analysis and comparison of two debris basins formed by internal and external motivation factors, the geological structure, the the intermittent uplift of new tectonic movement and human activities are stable environmental factors in many environmental factors. The years of poor temperature, lithology, slope conditions on the formation are more active to Bailongjiang valley debris flow, while the precipitation factors on the formation of debris flows in Xiaojiang River Basin are more active in Bailongjiang River Basin.
The analysis of debris flow distribution characteristics of the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region mainly compares the locations of two valley debris flow areas, the distribution density of debris flow, characteristics of the spatial distribution of debris flow ,characteristics of the distribution characteristics of debris flow occurred at a time, and reaches the relevance of these aspects in the two basins.
Ancient mud-rock flow on the Quaternary research, the author mainly relies on sedimentary characteristics of the two basin of ancient mud-rock, landscape positions of terrace distribution and their relationships,with a number of dating data and literature analysis of the Quaternary basin of the two ancient mud-rock flow carried out in phases, the two Quaternary basin can be divided into eight ancient mud-rock flow. And by the new tectonic movement, terraces landscape and climate change during development of the debris flow and development of the relationship between the environment, combined with the evidence of the atmospheric circulation forms of Glaciation and Interglacial during the Quaternary,characteristics of sporo-pollen assemblage and total analysis of chemical element,the following conclusion will be given:in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Quaternary debris flow activity cycle, the Bailongjiang River debris flow activity cycle was mainly affected by climatic cycles of control, that is, debris Development was corresponding to the Interglacial or interstadial;Xiaojiang river valley debris flow activity cycle mainly was affected by the new tectonic movement of the control,that is,each new tectonic uplift of activity occurred intermittently after the debris flow activity began.
引文
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