猪ADIPOR1、CTSF基因的多态性及其与部分经济性状相关性研究
|
摘要
本研究利用12个猪品种/群体,包括外来品种杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪、杂种猪长大(LY)、大长(YL)、杜长大(DLY)和杜大长(DYL),中国地方品种宁乡猪、桃源猪、大围子猪、沙子岭猪、海南五指山猪共643头猪为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了ADIPOR1基因、CTSF基因的遗传多态性及基因频率和基因型频率,并对品种间基因型频率进行了卡方检验。同时,结合生长性能记录和屠宰性能记录,国内首次在猪上研究了ADIPOR1和CTSF因不同基因型对生长性状、胴体性状和肉质性状的遗传效应。主要结果如下:
1 ADIPOR1基因
1.1在湖南地方猪种大围子猪、沙子岭猪以及海南五指山猪中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而在宁乡猪、桃源猪中只发现一种基因型GG;在所有外来猪品种和杂交品种猪中G基因为优势等位基因,GG为优势基因型;除宁乡猪和桃源猪外其他品种/群体多态性均比较丰富。
1.2在大白猪中,GG、AG基因型达100kg日龄分别比AA基因型低7.48%、7.46%且差异显著。在杜洛克猪中GG基因型达100kg日龄比AG基因型低5.99%,同时,GG、AG基因型能显著提高后腿比例,分别比AA基因型高8.98%、6.97%;选择GG基因型可能提高猪的生长性能。
1.3在贮存损失性状上,GG基因型比AA基因型低25.2%;选择GG基因型可能减少贮存损失。
2 CTSF基因
2.1在中外品种中D基因为优势等位基因,在地方猪种、外来品种长白猪和杂交品种大长杂交猪中均未检测到CC基因型,宁乡猪中只发现了DD基因型。外来品种杜洛克和大白还有杂交猪中都检测到CC、CD、DD三种基因型,杜洛克和大白猪中的CD基因型为优势基因型。地方品种多态性不明显,而外来品种多态性较为丰富。
2.2在大白猪中,CC基因型达100kg日龄比DD基因型低3.93%且差异显著(P＜0.05),但在杜洛克猪中CC和DD基因型达100kg日龄差异不明显。在四月龄活体背膘厚性状上,CC基因型个体比DD基因型个体低9.49%(P＜0.05);在杜洛克猪中,四月龄时100kg校正背膘厚指标上CC基因型比DD基因型高22.29%(P＜0.05),但在六月龄脂率性状上CC基因型比DD和AD分别低30.145%(P＜0.05)和35.656%(P＜0.05);在瘦肉率性状上,CC基因型比DD高7.147%(P＜0.05),表明CC基因型个体具有较薄的背膘厚和较高的瘦肉率,因而选CC基因型有提高瘦肉率的作用,等位基因C具有一定的正效应。
本研究结果表明,ADIPOR1、CTSF基因有望作为生长、瘦肉率和肉质方面的一个主要候选基因或分子标记。
By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFCP),the genetic variations of ADIPOR1 and CTSF gene were detected in 643 pigs including 12 groups:Duroc,Yorkshire,Landrace,hybrid breeds: LY(Landrace×Yorkshire),LY(Yorkshire×Landrace),DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshi re),DYL(Duroc×Yorkshir×Landrace),native breeds(Ningxiang,Taoyuan,Daweizi, Shaziling,Wuzhishan).Then the gene frequencies and genotype frequencies were calculated according to the PCR-RFLP.The differences of genotype frequencies between groups were analyzed by Chi Square Test.The effects of ADIPOR1 gene and CTSF gene on growth traits,slaughter traits and meat-quality traits were estimated according to their growth and slaughter datas,which was firstly studied on pigs in China.The main results are as follows:
1.The genetic polymorphism and effect of ADIPOR1 gene.
1.A gene was preponderant allele in Daweizi,Shaziling,Wuzhishan,there was only one genotype GG in Ningxiang and Hunanheizhu;Genotype GG could be found in none of the exotic breeds and hybrid breeds,and allele G was the superiority one; There were great polymorphisms except Ningxiang and Hunanheizhu.
2.In Yorkshire,the days-get-100kg-weight of GG,AG genotypes was lower by 7.48%,7.46%than that of AA and the differences were remarkable.In Duroc,the days-get-100kg-weight of GG genotype was lower by 5.99%than that of AG; Meanwhile,GG and AG genotypes which could improve the traits of hind leg were higher by 8.98%and 6.97%than that of AA;GG genotype can improve growth performance.
3.Concerning the store loss traits,GG genotype was lower by 25.2%than that of AA;GG genotype may decrease the store loss.
2.The genetic polymorphism and effects of CTSF gene
1.In types of local and exotic breeds D gene was the superiority allele,there was no CC genotype individual in local breeds,only DD genotype in Ningxiang.In the exotic breeds(Duroc,Yorkshire) and hybrid breeds,there were CC,CD,DD three genotypes,CD was the superiority genotype in Duroc and Yorkshire.And the exotic breeds were more polymophisic than local breeds.
2.In Landrace,the days-get-100kg-weight of CC genotype was lower by 3.93% than that of DD and the difference was remarkable,but CC genotype and DD genotype were not so distinct in Duroc.On four month's age of living body backfat thickness strait,CC genotype was lower by 9.49%than that of DD(P＜0.05);in Duroc,on four month's age of the backfat thickness-rectify-100kg-weight,CC genotype was higher by 22.29%than that of DD(P＜0.05),however,on six month's age of the fat percentage CC genotype was lower by 30.145%,35.656%than that of DD and AD(P＜0.05);With regard to the lean percentage,CC genotype was higher by 7.147%than that of DD and the individuals with CC genotype had thinner back fatness and higher lean percentage,allele C had the positive effects on lean percentage in pigs.
The studies indicates that ADIPOR1 gene and CTSF gene could be used as candidate genes or molecular markers on growth,lean percentage and meat-quality traits.
1 ADIPOR1基因
1.1在湖南地方猪种大围子猪、沙子岭猪以及海南五指山猪中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而在宁乡猪、桃源猪中只发现一种基因型GG;在所有外来猪品种和杂交品种猪中G基因为优势等位基因,GG为优势基因型;除宁乡猪和桃源猪外其他品种/群体多态性均比较丰富。
1.2在大白猪中,GG、AG基因型达100kg日龄分别比AA基因型低7.48%、7.46%且差异显著。在杜洛克猪中GG基因型达100kg日龄比AG基因型低5.99%,同时,GG、AG基因型能显著提高后腿比例,分别比AA基因型高8.98%、6.97%;选择GG基因型可能提高猪的生长性能。
1.3在贮存损失性状上,GG基因型比AA基因型低25.2%;选择GG基因型可能减少贮存损失。
2 CTSF基因
2.1在中外品种中D基因为优势等位基因,在地方猪种、外来品种长白猪和杂交品种大长杂交猪中均未检测到CC基因型,宁乡猪中只发现了DD基因型。外来品种杜洛克和大白还有杂交猪中都检测到CC、CD、DD三种基因型,杜洛克和大白猪中的CD基因型为优势基因型。地方品种多态性不明显,而外来品种多态性较为丰富。
2.2在大白猪中,CC基因型达100kg日龄比DD基因型低3.93%且差异显著(P＜0.05),但在杜洛克猪中CC和DD基因型达100kg日龄差异不明显。在四月龄活体背膘厚性状上,CC基因型个体比DD基因型个体低9.49%(P＜0.05);在杜洛克猪中,四月龄时100kg校正背膘厚指标上CC基因型比DD基因型高22.29%(P＜0.05),但在六月龄脂率性状上CC基因型比DD和AD分别低30.145%(P＜0.05)和35.656%(P＜0.05);在瘦肉率性状上,CC基因型比DD高7.147%(P＜0.05),表明CC基因型个体具有较薄的背膘厚和较高的瘦肉率,因而选CC基因型有提高瘦肉率的作用,等位基因C具有一定的正效应。
本研究结果表明,ADIPOR1、CTSF基因有望作为生长、瘦肉率和肉质方面的一个主要候选基因或分子标记。
By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFCP),the genetic variations of ADIPOR1 and CTSF gene were detected in 643 pigs including 12 groups:Duroc,Yorkshire,Landrace,hybrid breeds: LY(Landrace×Yorkshire),LY(Yorkshire×Landrace),DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshi re),DYL(Duroc×Yorkshir×Landrace),native breeds(Ningxiang,Taoyuan,Daweizi, Shaziling,Wuzhishan).Then the gene frequencies and genotype frequencies were calculated according to the PCR-RFLP.The differences of genotype frequencies between groups were analyzed by Chi Square Test.The effects of ADIPOR1 gene and CTSF gene on growth traits,slaughter traits and meat-quality traits were estimated according to their growth and slaughter datas,which was firstly studied on pigs in China.The main results are as follows:
1.The genetic polymorphism and effect of ADIPOR1 gene.
1.A gene was preponderant allele in Daweizi,Shaziling,Wuzhishan,there was only one genotype GG in Ningxiang and Hunanheizhu;Genotype GG could be found in none of the exotic breeds and hybrid breeds,and allele G was the superiority one; There were great polymorphisms except Ningxiang and Hunanheizhu.
2.In Yorkshire,the days-get-100kg-weight of GG,AG genotypes was lower by 7.48%,7.46%than that of AA and the differences were remarkable.In Duroc,the days-get-100kg-weight of GG genotype was lower by 5.99%than that of AG; Meanwhile,GG and AG genotypes which could improve the traits of hind leg were higher by 8.98%and 6.97%than that of AA;GG genotype can improve growth performance.
3.Concerning the store loss traits,GG genotype was lower by 25.2%than that of AA;GG genotype may decrease the store loss.
2.The genetic polymorphism and effects of CTSF gene
1.In types of local and exotic breeds D gene was the superiority allele,there was no CC genotype individual in local breeds,only DD genotype in Ningxiang.In the exotic breeds(Duroc,Yorkshire) and hybrid breeds,there were CC,CD,DD three genotypes,CD was the superiority genotype in Duroc and Yorkshire.And the exotic breeds were more polymophisic than local breeds.
2.In Landrace,the days-get-100kg-weight of CC genotype was lower by 3.93% than that of DD and the difference was remarkable,but CC genotype and DD genotype were not so distinct in Duroc.On four month's age of living body backfat thickness strait,CC genotype was lower by 9.49%than that of DD(P＜0.05);in Duroc,on four month's age of the backfat thickness-rectify-100kg-weight,CC genotype was higher by 22.29%than that of DD(P＜0.05),however,on six month's age of the fat percentage CC genotype was lower by 30.145%,35.656%than that of DD and AD(P＜0.05);With regard to the lean percentage,CC genotype was higher by 7.147%than that of DD and the individuals with CC genotype had thinner back fatness and higher lean percentage,allele C had the positive effects on lean percentage in pigs.
The studies indicates that ADIPOR1 gene and CTSF gene could be used as candidate genes or molecular markers on growth,lean percentage and meat-quality traits.
引文
[1]鲁绍雄,吴常信.动物遗传标记辅助选择研究及其应用[J].遗传,2002,24(3):359-362.
[2]施启顺.猪的分子标记辅助育种[J].国外畜牧学.猪与禽,2001,(2):21-23.
[3]Zhang Y,Proenca R,Mafei M,et al.Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue[J].Nature,1994,372:425-432.
[4]Kershaw EE,Flier JS.Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ[J].Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004:89(6):2548-2556.
[5]Lihn AS,Pedersen SB,Richelsen B.Adipo nectin:action,regulation and association to insulin sensitivity[J].Obes Rev 2005,6(1):13-21.
[6]Lindsay RS,Resnick HE,Zhu J,et al.Adiponectin an d coronary heart disease:the Strong Heart Study[J].Arterioscler mb Vase Biol 2005,25(3):15-16.
[7]Zhang J,Holt RI,Wild SH,et al.Plasma adiponectin concentrations are independently predicted by fat insulin sensitivity in women an d by muscle insulin sensitivity in men[J].Diabetes Care 2005;28(3):755-756.
[8]Fruebis J,Tsao T S,Jawrschi S,et al.Protelytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice[J].Proc NatI Acad Sci,.2001,98:2005-2010.
[9]Yokota T,Oritani K,Takahashi I,et al.Adiponectin,a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens,negatively regulates the growth of myelomonocytic progemitors and the functions[J].Blood,2000,96:1723-1732.
[10]Hug C,Wang J,Ahmad NS,et al.T-cadherin is a recep tot for hexameric and high-molecular-weright forms of Acrp 30/adiponectin.Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,2004,101(28):10308-10313.
[11]李春霖,龚燕平,田慧,等.脂联素受体在正常Wistar大鼠各组织的分布和表达[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(8):718-719.
[12]Yamauchi T,Kamon J,Ito Y,et al.Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects.Nature,2003,423:762-769.
[13]Dai MH,Xia T,Zhang GD,Chen XD,Gan L,Feng SQ,et al.2006.Cloning,expression and chromosome localization of porcine adiponectin and adiponectin receptors genes[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,30:117-125.
[14]Izabela Szczerbal,Li Lin,Monika Stachowiak.Cytogenetic mapping of DGAT1,PPARA,ADIPOR1 and CREB genes in the pigs.J Appl Genet,2007,48(1): 73-76.
[15]Ding ST,Liu BH,Ko YH.Cloning and expression of porcine adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes in pigs.J Anim Sci,2004,82(11):3162-3174.
[16]Tsuchida A,Yamauchi T,ho Y,et al.Insulin/Foxol pathway regulates expression levels of adiponectin receptors and adiponectin sensitivity.J Bjol Chem,2004,279(29):30817-30822.
[17]Debard C,Laville M,Berbe V,et al.Expression of key genes of fatty acid oxidation,including adiponectin receptors,in skeletal muscle of Type 2 diabetic patients[J].Diabetologia,2004,47(5):917-925.
[18]Staiger H,Kaltenbach S,Staiger K,et al.Expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA in human skeletal muscle cells is related to in vivo parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism[J].Diabetes,2004,53(9):2195-2201.
[19]Civitarese AE,Jenkinson CP,Richardson D,et al.Adiponectin receptors gene expression and insulin sensitivity in non 2diabetic Mexican Americans with or without a family history of Type 2 diabetes[J].Diabetologia,2004,47(5):816-820.
[20]Ramachandran R,Ocon-Grove OM,Metzger S L.Molecular cloning and tissue expression of chicken ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 complementary deoxyribonucleic acids[J].Domestic.Animal Endocrinology,2007,33:19-31.
[21]季东林,李晓琼,郭锡熔,等.脂联素受体1基因在大鼠脂肪组织中的表达及其与肥胖易感性的关系[J].实用儿科临床杂志.2006,21(11):681-686.
[22]Fasshauer M,Klein J,Kralisch S,et al.Growth hgrmone is a positive regulator of adiponectin receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J].FFBS Lett,2004,558(123):27-32.
[23]Berner HS,Lyngstadaas SP,Spahr A,et al.Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in bone-forming cells[J].Bone,2004,35(4):842-849.
[24]Li WJ,Tonelli J,Kishore P,et al.Adiponectin receptors are expressedin human adipose tissue[J].Diabetes,2004,53(S2):A80.
[25]Kharroubi I,Rasschaert J,Eizirik DL,et al.Expression of adiponectin receptors in pancreatic beta cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,312(4):1118-1122.
[26]Caminos J E.Nogueiras R.Gallego R.et al.Expression and regulation of adiponectin and receptor in human and rat placenta[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism,2005,90(7):4276.
[27] Chen J, Tan B, Karteris E, et al. Secretion of adiponectin by human placenta:differential modulation of adiponectin and its receptors by cytokines[J].Diabetologia, 2006,49 (6):1292-1302.
[28] Karteris E ,Chen J ,Zervou S,et al. Adiponectin receptors are differentially expressed in normal and preeclamptic placantae:modulation by adiponectin [J].Diabetes, 2004, 53(S2):A60.
[29] Masruda M, Shimomura I, Sata M, et al. Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis: the missing link of adipo-vascular axis. J Bioo Chem, 2002,277:37487-37491.
[30] Maria Dalamaga, Ilias Migdalis, Jessica L, et al. Pancreatic cancer expresses adiponectin receptors and is associated with hypoleptinemia and hyperadiponec-tinemia: a case-control study[J]. Cancer Causes Control, 3 December 2008.
[31] Yamauchi T, Kamon T, Minokoshi Y, Ito Y, Waki H, Uchidu S, et al.Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP- activated protein kinase[J]. Nature Medicine, 2002, 8 (11):1288-1295.
[32] Carling D. The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade: A unifying system for energy control[J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2004, 29:18-24.
[33] Yoon MJ, Lee G Y, Chung J J, et al. Adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle cells by sequential activation of AMP- activated protein kinase,p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor a [J]. Diabetes, 2006,55:2562-2570.
[34] Philip M, Alyssa C B, Ashley N G, et al. p38 MAP Kinase activates PPAR: A potential role in the cardiac metabolic stress response [J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001,276: 44495-44501.
[35] Tomas E, Tsao TS, Saha AK, et al. Enhanced muscle fat oxidation and glucose transport by ACRP30 globular domain: acety-coA carboxylase inhibition and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99:16309-16313.
[36] Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors [J]. Endorcrine Reviews, 2005,26(3):439-451.
[37] Onay-Besikci A, Altarejos J Y, Lopaschuk G D. gAd-globular head domain of adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation in newborn rabbit hearts [J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004, 279:44320-44326.
[38] Kobayashi H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, et al. Selective suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin [J]. Circ Res, 2004,94:27-31.
[39] Waki H, Yamauchi T, Kamon J, et al. Impaired multimerization of human adiponectin mutants" associated with diabetes: Molecular structure and multimer formation of adiponectin. J Biol Chem, 2003,278:40352-40363.
[40] Inukai K, Nakashima Y, Watanabe M, et al. Regulation of adiponectin receptor gene expression in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2005, 288:E876-E882.
[41] Wang H, Zhang HL, Jia YW, et al. Adiponectin receptor 1 gene (ADIPOR1) as a candidate for type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance[J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53(8):2132-2136.
[42] Winzell MS,Nogueiras R,Dieguez C, et al. Dual action of adiponectin on insulin secretion in insulin-resistant mice[J] .Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004,321(1):154-160.
[43] Takano A, HarulaT, lwataM, et al. Growth hormone induces cellular insulin resistance by uncoupling pohosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its downstream signals in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [J]. Diabetes, 2001,50:1891-1900.
[44] Del Rineon JP, Iida K, ThomerMO, et al. Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 expression in adipose tissue: ADIPOR2 gene expression parallels in vivo growth hormone action[J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53(Suppl2):96.
[45] Nilsson L, Binart N, Bohlooly VM, et al. Prolactin and growth hormone regulate adiponectin secretion and receptor expression in adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005,331:1120-1126.
[46] Tan GD,Debard C, Funahashi T, Humphreys SM, et al. Changes in adiponectin receptor exp ression in muscle and adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic patients during rosiglitazone therapy[J]. Diabetologia, 2005,48(8):1585-1589.
[47] Chinetti G, Zawadski C, Fruchart JC, et al. Expression of adiponectin receptors in human macrophages and regulation by agonists of the nuclear receptors PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma, and LXR[J] .Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004,314(1):151-158.
[48] Kaltenbach S, Staiger H, MachieaoH, et al. Adiponectin receptor expression is not regulated by troglitazone in vitro diferentiated human my tubes[J]. Diabetologia, 2004, 648(Supp 147):A235.
[49] Kaltenbach S, Staiger H, Weisser M, et al. Adiponectin receptor gene expression in human skeletal muscle cells is not regulated by fibrates and thiazolidinediones.Int J Obes(Lond),2005,29:760-765.
[50]Fang X,Palanivel R,Zhou X,et al.Hyperglycemia and hyperinsuline mianinduced alteration of adiprnectin receptor expression and adiponectin effects in L6myoblasts.J Mol Endocrinol,2005,35:465-476.
[51]龚燕平,李春霖,母义明,等.脂肪酸对HepG2肝细胞脂联素受体表达的影响[J].北京医学,2005,27:289-290.
[52]Punyadeera C,Zorenc AH,Koopman R,et al.The effects of exercise and adipose tissue lipolysis on plasma adiponectin concentrationand adiponectin receptor expression in human skeletal muscle[J].European Journal of Endocrinology,2005,152(3):427-436.
[53]Steinmetz M,Quentin T,Poppe A,et al.Changes in expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism:upregulation of all three members of the PPAR family(alpha,gamma,delta) and the newly described adiponectin rece ptor 2,but not adiponectinreceptor 1 during neonatal cardiac development of the rat.Basic Res Cardiol,2005,100:263-269.
[54]Karteris E,Chen J,Zervou S,et al.Adiponectin receptors are differentially expressed in normal and preeclamptic placanta:modulation by adiponectin[J].Diabetes,2004,53(S2):A60.
[55]Lord E,Ledoux S,Murphy BD,et al.Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in swine[J].J Anim Sci,2005,83(3):563-578.
[56]Stefan N,Machicao F,Staiger H,et al.Polymorphisms in the gene encoding adiponectin receptor 1 are associated with insulin resistance and high liver fat.Diabetologia,2005,48:2282-2291.
[57]胡承.脂联素受体l基因.3881T/C多态位点与中国人糖代谢的关系[J].中华医学遗传学杂志,2007,24(1):27-30.
[58]梁衍,姚孝礼.脂联素受体1基因多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2008,16(7):394-396.
[59]姚春涛,赵玉琼,赵权,等.中国3种特有小型猪品系脂联素受体1基因外显子5的多态性分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2008,18(9):44-47.
[60]Houde AA,Murphy BD,Mathieu,et al.Characterization of swine adiponectin and adiponectin receptor polymorphisms and their association with reproductive traits.A nim Ghent.2008,39(3):249-57.
[61]Jin Taek Kim,Yeonjung Kim,Young Min Cho,et al.Polymorphisms of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 are associated with phenotypes of type 2 diabetes in Koreans.Clinical Endocrinology,2008,70(1):66-74.
62]Otto HH,Schirmeister T.Cysteine proteases and their inhibitors[J].Chem Rev,1997,97:133-170.
[63]Lecaille F,Kaleta J,Bromme D,2002.Human and parasitic papain21ike cysteine proteases:their role in physiology and pathology and recent developments in inhibitor design[J].Chem Rev,102:4459-4488.
[64]Wex T,Levy B,Wex H,et al.Human cathepsins F and W:a new subgroup of cathepsins[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1999,259:406-407.
[65]Riese RJ,Chapman HA.Cathepsins and compartmentalization in antigen presentation [J].Curr Opin Immunol,2000,12:107-113.
[66]Sivaraman J,Nagler DK,Zhang R,et al.Crystal structure of human procathepsin X:a cysteine protease with the proregion covalently linked to the active site cysteine[J].J Mol Biol,2000,295:939-951.
[67]Paris A,Strukelj B,Pungercar J,et al.Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human preprocathepsin C[J].FEBS Lett,1995,368:326-330.
[68]Turk B,Turk D,TurkV.Lysosomal cysteine proteases:more than scavengers[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2000,1476:98-111.
[69]Turk V,Turk B,Turk D.Lysosomal cysteine proteases:facts and opportunities [J].EMBO J,2001,20(17):4629-4633.
[70]Turk V,Turk B,Guncar G,et al.Lysosomal cathepsins:structure,role in antigen processing and presentation,and cancer[J].Advan Enzyme Regul,2002,42:285-303.
[71]Nakanishi H.Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in ageing and age-related diseases[J].Ageing Res Rev,2003,2:367-380.
[72]Berdowska I.Cysteine proteases as disease markers[J].Clin Chim Acta,2004,342:41-68.
[73]Rousselle AV,Heymann D.Osteoclastic acidification pathways during bone resorption[J].Bone,2002,30(4):533-540.
[74]Koblinski JE,Ahram M,Sloane BF.Unraveling the role of proteases in cancer [J].Clin Chim Acta,2000,291:113-135.
[75]Yuan JD,Shao ZM,Han QX,et al.Cathepsin D and prognosis in breast cancer [J].Tumor,1999,19(2):68-71.
[76]董爱森,金晓明.组织蛋白酶D作为乳癌预后指标的评价[J].国外医学:临 床生物化学与检验学分册, 1996,17(6):249-250.
[77] Sukhova GK, Shi GP, Simon DI, et al. Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and Kin human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells[J]. J Clin Invest, 1998,102:575-583.
[78] Sukhova GK, Zhang Y, Pan JH, et al. Deficiency of cathepsin S reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor 2 deficient mice [J]. J Clin Invest, 2003, 111 (6):897-906.
[79] Lemere CA, Munger JS, Shi GP, et al. The lysosomal cysteine proteases,cathepsin S, is increased in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome brain. An immunocytochemical study [J]. Am J Pathol, 1995 146 (4): 848-860.
[80] Tolosa E, Li W, Yasuda Y, et al. Cathepsin V is involved in the degradation of invariant chain in human thymus and is over-expressed in myasthenia gravis [J].J Clin Invest, 112(4) :517-526.
[81] V Russo, L Fontanesi, R Davoli, and S Galli. Linkage mapping of the porcine cathepsin F (CTSF) gene close to the QTL regions for meat and fat deposition traits on pig chromosome 2. Anim. Genet. 2004, 35:155-157.
[82] Kaakinen R, Lindstedt KA, Sneck M, et al. Angiotensin II increases expression and secretion of cathepsin F in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages:an angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated effect. Atherosclerosis. 2007, 192(2):323-7.
[83] Vazquez-Ortiz G, Pina-Sanchez P, Vazquez K, et al. Overexpression of cathepsin F, matrix metalloproteinases 11 and 12 in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer. 2005, Jun 30, 5:68.
[84] Oorni K, Sneck M, Bromme D, et al. Cysteine protease cathepsin F is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, is secreted by cultured macrophages, and modifies low density lipoprotein particles in vitro. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 13; 278(33): 34765-84.
[85] V. Russo, R. Davoli, L. Nanni Costa, L. Fontanesi, C. Baiocco, L. Buttazzoni, S.Galli, and R. Virgili. 2003. Association of the CTSB, CTSF and CSTB genes with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in heavy pigs. Ital. J. Anim. Sci.2(Suppl.1):67-68.
[86]V Russo, L Fontanesi, E Scotti. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in several porcine cathepsin genes are associated with growth, carcass, and production traits in Italian Large White pigs [J]. Anim Sci. 2008, 86:3300-3314.
[87]施启顺,柳小春,刘志伟等.5个与猪产仔数相关基因的效应分析[J].遗传,2006,28(6):652-658.
[88]彭中镇,赵书红.猪数量性状基因及其标记研究进展[J].国外畜牧科技,1999,25(1):28-32.
[89]刘榜主编.动物育种学.武汉:中国农业出版社,2007
[90]张沅 主编.家畜育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001
[91]吴常信,李宁.分子生物技术在中国动物育种中的应用[J].中国家禽,2002,24(13):6-9.
[2]施启顺.猪的分子标记辅助育种[J].国外畜牧学.猪与禽,2001,(2):21-23.
[3]Zhang Y,Proenca R,Mafei M,et al.Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue[J].Nature,1994,372:425-432.
[4]Kershaw EE,Flier JS.Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ[J].Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004:89(6):2548-2556.
[5]Lihn AS,Pedersen SB,Richelsen B.Adipo nectin:action,regulation and association to insulin sensitivity[J].Obes Rev 2005,6(1):13-21.
[6]Lindsay RS,Resnick HE,Zhu J,et al.Adiponectin an d coronary heart disease:the Strong Heart Study[J].Arterioscler mb Vase Biol 2005,25(3):15-16.
[7]Zhang J,Holt RI,Wild SH,et al.Plasma adiponectin concentrations are independently predicted by fat insulin sensitivity in women an d by muscle insulin sensitivity in men[J].Diabetes Care 2005;28(3):755-756.
[8]Fruebis J,Tsao T S,Jawrschi S,et al.Protelytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice[J].Proc NatI Acad Sci,.2001,98:2005-2010.
[9]Yokota T,Oritani K,Takahashi I,et al.Adiponectin,a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens,negatively regulates the growth of myelomonocytic progemitors and the functions[J].Blood,2000,96:1723-1732.
[10]Hug C,Wang J,Ahmad NS,et al.T-cadherin is a recep tot for hexameric and high-molecular-weright forms of Acrp 30/adiponectin.Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,2004,101(28):10308-10313.
[11]李春霖,龚燕平,田慧,等.脂联素受体在正常Wistar大鼠各组织的分布和表达[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(8):718-719.
[12]Yamauchi T,Kamon J,Ito Y,et al.Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects.Nature,2003,423:762-769.
[13]Dai MH,Xia T,Zhang GD,Chen XD,Gan L,Feng SQ,et al.2006.Cloning,expression and chromosome localization of porcine adiponectin and adiponectin receptors genes[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,30:117-125.
[14]Izabela Szczerbal,Li Lin,Monika Stachowiak.Cytogenetic mapping of DGAT1,PPARA,ADIPOR1 and CREB genes in the pigs.J Appl Genet,2007,48(1): 73-76.
[15]Ding ST,Liu BH,Ko YH.Cloning and expression of porcine adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes in pigs.J Anim Sci,2004,82(11):3162-3174.
[16]Tsuchida A,Yamauchi T,ho Y,et al.Insulin/Foxol pathway regulates expression levels of adiponectin receptors and adiponectin sensitivity.J Bjol Chem,2004,279(29):30817-30822.
[17]Debard C,Laville M,Berbe V,et al.Expression of key genes of fatty acid oxidation,including adiponectin receptors,in skeletal muscle of Type 2 diabetic patients[J].Diabetologia,2004,47(5):917-925.
[18]Staiger H,Kaltenbach S,Staiger K,et al.Expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA in human skeletal muscle cells is related to in vivo parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism[J].Diabetes,2004,53(9):2195-2201.
[19]Civitarese AE,Jenkinson CP,Richardson D,et al.Adiponectin receptors gene expression and insulin sensitivity in non 2diabetic Mexican Americans with or without a family history of Type 2 diabetes[J].Diabetologia,2004,47(5):816-820.
[20]Ramachandran R,Ocon-Grove OM,Metzger S L.Molecular cloning and tissue expression of chicken ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 complementary deoxyribonucleic acids[J].Domestic.Animal Endocrinology,2007,33:19-31.
[21]季东林,李晓琼,郭锡熔,等.脂联素受体1基因在大鼠脂肪组织中的表达及其与肥胖易感性的关系[J].实用儿科临床杂志.2006,21(11):681-686.
[22]Fasshauer M,Klein J,Kralisch S,et al.Growth hgrmone is a positive regulator of adiponectin receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J].FFBS Lett,2004,558(123):27-32.
[23]Berner HS,Lyngstadaas SP,Spahr A,et al.Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in bone-forming cells[J].Bone,2004,35(4):842-849.
[24]Li WJ,Tonelli J,Kishore P,et al.Adiponectin receptors are expressedin human adipose tissue[J].Diabetes,2004,53(S2):A80.
[25]Kharroubi I,Rasschaert J,Eizirik DL,et al.Expression of adiponectin receptors in pancreatic beta cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,312(4):1118-1122.
[26]Caminos J E.Nogueiras R.Gallego R.et al.Expression and regulation of adiponectin and receptor in human and rat placenta[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism,2005,90(7):4276.
[27] Chen J, Tan B, Karteris E, et al. Secretion of adiponectin by human placenta:differential modulation of adiponectin and its receptors by cytokines[J].Diabetologia, 2006,49 (6):1292-1302.
[28] Karteris E ,Chen J ,Zervou S,et al. Adiponectin receptors are differentially expressed in normal and preeclamptic placantae:modulation by adiponectin [J].Diabetes, 2004, 53(S2):A60.
[29] Masruda M, Shimomura I, Sata M, et al. Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis: the missing link of adipo-vascular axis. J Bioo Chem, 2002,277:37487-37491.
[30] Maria Dalamaga, Ilias Migdalis, Jessica L, et al. Pancreatic cancer expresses adiponectin receptors and is associated with hypoleptinemia and hyperadiponec-tinemia: a case-control study[J]. Cancer Causes Control, 3 December 2008.
[31] Yamauchi T, Kamon T, Minokoshi Y, Ito Y, Waki H, Uchidu S, et al.Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP- activated protein kinase[J]. Nature Medicine, 2002, 8 (11):1288-1295.
[32] Carling D. The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade: A unifying system for energy control[J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2004, 29:18-24.
[33] Yoon MJ, Lee G Y, Chung J J, et al. Adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle cells by sequential activation of AMP- activated protein kinase,p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor a [J]. Diabetes, 2006,55:2562-2570.
[34] Philip M, Alyssa C B, Ashley N G, et al. p38 MAP Kinase activates PPAR: A potential role in the cardiac metabolic stress response [J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001,276: 44495-44501.
[35] Tomas E, Tsao TS, Saha AK, et al. Enhanced muscle fat oxidation and glucose transport by ACRP30 globular domain: acety-coA carboxylase inhibition and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99:16309-16313.
[36] Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors [J]. Endorcrine Reviews, 2005,26(3):439-451.
[37] Onay-Besikci A, Altarejos J Y, Lopaschuk G D. gAd-globular head domain of adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation in newborn rabbit hearts [J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004, 279:44320-44326.
[38] Kobayashi H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, et al. Selective suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin [J]. Circ Res, 2004,94:27-31.
[39] Waki H, Yamauchi T, Kamon J, et al. Impaired multimerization of human adiponectin mutants" associated with diabetes: Molecular structure and multimer formation of adiponectin. J Biol Chem, 2003,278:40352-40363.
[40] Inukai K, Nakashima Y, Watanabe M, et al. Regulation of adiponectin receptor gene expression in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2005, 288:E876-E882.
[41] Wang H, Zhang HL, Jia YW, et al. Adiponectin receptor 1 gene (ADIPOR1) as a candidate for type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance[J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53(8):2132-2136.
[42] Winzell MS,Nogueiras R,Dieguez C, et al. Dual action of adiponectin on insulin secretion in insulin-resistant mice[J] .Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004,321(1):154-160.
[43] Takano A, HarulaT, lwataM, et al. Growth hormone induces cellular insulin resistance by uncoupling pohosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its downstream signals in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [J]. Diabetes, 2001,50:1891-1900.
[44] Del Rineon JP, Iida K, ThomerMO, et al. Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 expression in adipose tissue: ADIPOR2 gene expression parallels in vivo growth hormone action[J]. Diabetes, 2004, 53(Suppl2):96.
[45] Nilsson L, Binart N, Bohlooly VM, et al. Prolactin and growth hormone regulate adiponectin secretion and receptor expression in adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005,331:1120-1126.
[46] Tan GD,Debard C, Funahashi T, Humphreys SM, et al. Changes in adiponectin receptor exp ression in muscle and adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic patients during rosiglitazone therapy[J]. Diabetologia, 2005,48(8):1585-1589.
[47] Chinetti G, Zawadski C, Fruchart JC, et al. Expression of adiponectin receptors in human macrophages and regulation by agonists of the nuclear receptors PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma, and LXR[J] .Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004,314(1):151-158.
[48] Kaltenbach S, Staiger H, MachieaoH, et al. Adiponectin receptor expression is not regulated by troglitazone in vitro diferentiated human my tubes[J]. Diabetologia, 2004, 648(Supp 147):A235.
[49] Kaltenbach S, Staiger H, Weisser M, et al. Adiponectin receptor gene expression in human skeletal muscle cells is not regulated by fibrates and thiazolidinediones.Int J Obes(Lond),2005,29:760-765.
[50]Fang X,Palanivel R,Zhou X,et al.Hyperglycemia and hyperinsuline mianinduced alteration of adiprnectin receptor expression and adiponectin effects in L6myoblasts.J Mol Endocrinol,2005,35:465-476.
[51]龚燕平,李春霖,母义明,等.脂肪酸对HepG2肝细胞脂联素受体表达的影响[J].北京医学,2005,27:289-290.
[52]Punyadeera C,Zorenc AH,Koopman R,et al.The effects of exercise and adipose tissue lipolysis on plasma adiponectin concentrationand adiponectin receptor expression in human skeletal muscle[J].European Journal of Endocrinology,2005,152(3):427-436.
[53]Steinmetz M,Quentin T,Poppe A,et al.Changes in expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism:upregulation of all three members of the PPAR family(alpha,gamma,delta) and the newly described adiponectin rece ptor 2,but not adiponectinreceptor 1 during neonatal cardiac development of the rat.Basic Res Cardiol,2005,100:263-269.
[54]Karteris E,Chen J,Zervou S,et al.Adiponectin receptors are differentially expressed in normal and preeclamptic placanta:modulation by adiponectin[J].Diabetes,2004,53(S2):A60.
[55]Lord E,Ledoux S,Murphy BD,et al.Expression of adiponectin and its receptors in swine[J].J Anim Sci,2005,83(3):563-578.
[56]Stefan N,Machicao F,Staiger H,et al.Polymorphisms in the gene encoding adiponectin receptor 1 are associated with insulin resistance and high liver fat.Diabetologia,2005,48:2282-2291.
[57]胡承.脂联素受体l基因.3881T/C多态位点与中国人糖代谢的关系[J].中华医学遗传学杂志,2007,24(1):27-30.
[58]梁衍,姚孝礼.脂联素受体1基因多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2008,16(7):394-396.
[59]姚春涛,赵玉琼,赵权,等.中国3种特有小型猪品系脂联素受体1基因外显子5的多态性分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2008,18(9):44-47.
[60]Houde AA,Murphy BD,Mathieu,et al.Characterization of swine adiponectin and adiponectin receptor polymorphisms and their association with reproductive traits.A nim Ghent.2008,39(3):249-57.
[61]Jin Taek Kim,Yeonjung Kim,Young Min Cho,et al.Polymorphisms of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 are associated with phenotypes of type 2 diabetes in Koreans.Clinical Endocrinology,2008,70(1):66-74.
62]Otto HH,Schirmeister T.Cysteine proteases and their inhibitors[J].Chem Rev,1997,97:133-170.
[63]Lecaille F,Kaleta J,Bromme D,2002.Human and parasitic papain21ike cysteine proteases:their role in physiology and pathology and recent developments in inhibitor design[J].Chem Rev,102:4459-4488.
[64]Wex T,Levy B,Wex H,et al.Human cathepsins F and W:a new subgroup of cathepsins[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1999,259:406-407.
[65]Riese RJ,Chapman HA.Cathepsins and compartmentalization in antigen presentation [J].Curr Opin Immunol,2000,12:107-113.
[66]Sivaraman J,Nagler DK,Zhang R,et al.Crystal structure of human procathepsin X:a cysteine protease with the proregion covalently linked to the active site cysteine[J].J Mol Biol,2000,295:939-951.
[67]Paris A,Strukelj B,Pungercar J,et al.Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human preprocathepsin C[J].FEBS Lett,1995,368:326-330.
[68]Turk B,Turk D,TurkV.Lysosomal cysteine proteases:more than scavengers[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2000,1476:98-111.
[69]Turk V,Turk B,Turk D.Lysosomal cysteine proteases:facts and opportunities [J].EMBO J,2001,20(17):4629-4633.
[70]Turk V,Turk B,Guncar G,et al.Lysosomal cathepsins:structure,role in antigen processing and presentation,and cancer[J].Advan Enzyme Regul,2002,42:285-303.
[71]Nakanishi H.Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in ageing and age-related diseases[J].Ageing Res Rev,2003,2:367-380.
[72]Berdowska I.Cysteine proteases as disease markers[J].Clin Chim Acta,2004,342:41-68.
[73]Rousselle AV,Heymann D.Osteoclastic acidification pathways during bone resorption[J].Bone,2002,30(4):533-540.
[74]Koblinski JE,Ahram M,Sloane BF.Unraveling the role of proteases in cancer [J].Clin Chim Acta,2000,291:113-135.
[75]Yuan JD,Shao ZM,Han QX,et al.Cathepsin D and prognosis in breast cancer [J].Tumor,1999,19(2):68-71.
[76]董爱森,金晓明.组织蛋白酶D作为乳癌预后指标的评价[J].国外医学:临 床生物化学与检验学分册, 1996,17(6):249-250.
[77] Sukhova GK, Shi GP, Simon DI, et al. Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and Kin human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells[J]. J Clin Invest, 1998,102:575-583.
[78] Sukhova GK, Zhang Y, Pan JH, et al. Deficiency of cathepsin S reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor 2 deficient mice [J]. J Clin Invest, 2003, 111 (6):897-906.
[79] Lemere CA, Munger JS, Shi GP, et al. The lysosomal cysteine proteases,cathepsin S, is increased in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome brain. An immunocytochemical study [J]. Am J Pathol, 1995 146 (4): 848-860.
[80] Tolosa E, Li W, Yasuda Y, et al. Cathepsin V is involved in the degradation of invariant chain in human thymus and is over-expressed in myasthenia gravis [J].J Clin Invest, 112(4) :517-526.
[81] V Russo, L Fontanesi, R Davoli, and S Galli. Linkage mapping of the porcine cathepsin F (CTSF) gene close to the QTL regions for meat and fat deposition traits on pig chromosome 2. Anim. Genet. 2004, 35:155-157.
[82] Kaakinen R, Lindstedt KA, Sneck M, et al. Angiotensin II increases expression and secretion of cathepsin F in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages:an angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated effect. Atherosclerosis. 2007, 192(2):323-7.
[83] Vazquez-Ortiz G, Pina-Sanchez P, Vazquez K, et al. Overexpression of cathepsin F, matrix metalloproteinases 11 and 12 in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer. 2005, Jun 30, 5:68.
[84] Oorni K, Sneck M, Bromme D, et al. Cysteine protease cathepsin F is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions, is secreted by cultured macrophages, and modifies low density lipoprotein particles in vitro. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 13; 278(33): 34765-84.
[85] V. Russo, R. Davoli, L. Nanni Costa, L. Fontanesi, C. Baiocco, L. Buttazzoni, S.Galli, and R. Virgili. 2003. Association of the CTSB, CTSF and CSTB genes with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in heavy pigs. Ital. J. Anim. Sci.2(Suppl.1):67-68.
[86]V Russo, L Fontanesi, E Scotti. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in several porcine cathepsin genes are associated with growth, carcass, and production traits in Italian Large White pigs [J]. Anim Sci. 2008, 86:3300-3314.
[87]施启顺,柳小春,刘志伟等.5个与猪产仔数相关基因的效应分析[J].遗传,2006,28(6):652-658.
[88]彭中镇,赵书红.猪数量性状基因及其标记研究进展[J].国外畜牧科技,1999,25(1):28-32.
[89]刘榜主编.动物育种学.武汉:中国农业出版社,2007
[90]张沅 主编.家畜育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001
[91]吴常信,李宁.分子生物技术在中国动物育种中的应用[J].中国家禽,2002,24(13):6-9.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |