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GIS技术支持下的县域后备土地资源评价与开发战略研究
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摘要
一个地区经济的发展必然形成对土地资源的需求压力,后备土地资源的开发利用就显得尤为重要。后备土地资源的评价为国土整治、土地开发利用规划和土地利用制度制定等方面提供科学依据,有利于实现后备土地资源的合理利用,促进土地资源的可持续发展,为其它地区研究后备土地资源的开发利用与保护提供一定的理论参考。
     本文综合国内外后备土地资源评价研究的进展,明确了研究的方法和思路。在翻阅大量文献的基础上明确了研究对象的真正内涵,认为土地稀缺原理、地租理论、人地协调理论、动态平衡原理、系统工程理论等构成了后备土地资源评价的理论基础。在研究方法上,借鉴前人诸多的研究成果分析后备土地资源评价指标筛选原则,即遵循综合性原则、主导性原则、稳定性原则、差异性原则、区域性原则和可操作性原则。
     在分析常用的专家调研法(DELPHI)、最小均方差法、相关分析法和主成分分析法等指标确定方法的基础上最终确定使用专家调研法(DELPHI)确定指标体系为综合了内在因素与外在因素的≥10℃有效积温、海拔高度、灌溉条件、区位条件、有效土层厚度、土壤质地、有机质含量这七个因子。根据经验法及在前人研究成果的基础上确定指标阈值,为评价指标划定指标分级并确定级分。指标权重的确定相当重要,在综合考虑层次分析法与排序法的优缺点后,本文采用层次分析法确定指标权重。
     采用区迭加的方法划分评价单元是评价过程中重要的基础性工作。第一步,利用MAPGIS、MapInfo、AutoCAD等制图软件绘制评价因子分级图,并对图形赋相应的属性;第二步,在MAPGIS软件的空间分析功能中利用区迭加功能划分出49187个评价单元,每个评价单元中都含有各评价因子的属性值;第三步,在Mapgis的属性库管理中输出属性数据,利用VF中编译的计算程序,计算出各评价单元的总分值;第四步,在MAPGIS的属性库管理中将评价单元与评价单元总分值进行链接;第五步,通过MAPGIS的空间分析统计单元总分的分布规律,以频率变化较大的点作为分级的区间点,将总分值分为四级,设为后备土地资源开发潜力一级潜力区、二级潜力区、三级潜力区和四级潜力区;第五步,通过图形编辑将分级图显示出来并分析各潜力级别的比例构成与空间分布。
     本文考虑到制定后备土地资源开发战略必须综合各方面的因素。土地开发潜力仅仅反映了土地自身的条件,土地开发过程还需要考虑经济、生态、社会3方面的效益,因此通过比较各种方案,选出生态效益最高型、经济效益最高型及社会效益最高型三个方案。通过多目标规划法优选遵循以水定地为原则的生态效益最高型方案。并依照此方案设定后备土地资源开发总目标。
     为更好的实现开发总目标,针对拜城县后备土地资源分布情况及潜力级别将一级潜力区划分为重点开发区,二级潜力区划分为优化开发区,三级潜力区划分为限制开发区,四级潜力区划分为禁止开发和重点保护区并制定各分区开发目标及战略重点。
     经过验证,本文所设定的开发目标及战略重点与当地“十一?五”规划基本吻合,因此可以为国土资源部门制定下一轮土地利用总体规划提供参考。
     针对开发过程中存在的主要问题,限制因素等制定保障措施为开发战略的顺利实施保驾护航。
An area's economical development creates the demand pressure inevitably to the land resource,therefore the reserve land resource's development use appears especially important. The reserve land resource appraisal for the territorial management, the land development, uses, plan and land utilization system's aspects and so on formulation provides the scientific basis. It is advantageous in realizes the reserve land resource reasonable use, the promotion land resource sustainable development, for other local research reserve land resource's development, the use and the protection provide certain theory reference.
     In this paper, and foreign reserve land resources evaluation of the progress, defined the research methods and ideas. Read a lot in the literature on the basis of the study clearly the true meaning that the principle of scarcity of land, rent theory, people coordination theory, dynamic equilibrium theory, systems engineering theory, and so constitute a reserve of land resources evaluation of the theoretical basis. In research methods, learn from their predecessors many of the results of research on reserve land resources evaluation index screening principle that follow the principle of comprehensive, guiding principles, the principle of stability, the difference of principle, the principle of regional and operational principles.
     In the expert analysis of common research method (DELPHI), the minimum standard deviation, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and other targets identified on the basis of the ultimate method of determining the use of expert research method (DELPHI) indicators for the integrated system and the internal factors External factors≥10℃effective temperature, altitude, irrigation conditions, geographic conditions, the effective thickness of soil, soil texture, organic matter content of these seven factors. And in the light of experience of previous research results on the basis of indicators threshold, the delineation of indicators to evaluate and determine grade-level indicators points. The right to re-establish indicators of the importance of considering the level of comprehensive analysis and ranking of the advantages and disadvantages, this level of analysis used to determine index weight.
     District adopted the method of superposition evaluation unit in the evaluation process is an important basic work. The first step, use mapgis, MapInfo, AutoCAD, and other cartographic mapping software evaluation of classification maps and graphics give the corresponding attribute; second step, Mapgis software in the use of spatial analysis functions in the area superposition functional evaluation to 49,187 units Each evaluation unit contains the evaluation of the property value, the third step, Mapgis the management of the properties in the output attribute data, compiled by VF in the program, the evaluation unit to calculate the total score; fourth Step, Mapgis attributes management will evaluate the unit and evaluation unit carried out scores of links to the fifth step, through Mapgis statistical analysis of the space distribution of the total units, with greater frequency in the points classification as the interval , The total score will be divided into four, as reserve land resources development potential of a potential area, two potential areas, three potential areas and four potential areas; fifth step, through the graphics editor will be graded display Out and analyze the potential level of composition and spatial distribution.
     In this paper, taking into account the development of reserve land resources must be integrated strategy for the development of various factors. Land development potential reflects only the conditions of their own land, the land development process also need to consider the economic, ecological, social benefits in three areas, so by comparing the various options, the highest-elected eco-efficiency, high economic efficiency and social benefits of the highest - Three options. Make use of the methods of multi-objective planning. Finally, I decide to make the first goal is maximum ecological benefits of the program. In accordance with this program and set the development of reserve land resources in the overall goal.
     In order to better achieve the development goals, for worship County reserve land resources and the distribution of potential levels will be divided into a potential key development zones, divided into two divisions optimize the potential of development zones, divided into three potential zoning restrictions on development, Divided into four potential prohibition of the development and focus on protected areas and to develop the district development objectives and strategic focus.
     After verification, the paper set the development objectives and strategic focus with the local "11 ? 5" basically consistent with the plan, so the door can be developed for the Ministry of Land and Resources under a general land use planning reference. For the development process of the main problems, constraints, such as developing security measures for the smooth implementation of the strategy of developing protect.
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