基于RS、GIS的太原市1976年～2005年土地利用景观格局动态分析
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摘要
土地利用变化主要指土地利用方式的改变。自然条件和社会条件的差异,造成了土地利用变化在数量、强度、结构等各个方面的区域性差异。研究区域的土地利用变化可以为区域规划决策提供理论支持,从而实现可持续发展。本文以太原市1976年、1994年、2000年、2005年四期遥感影像作为数据源,结合研究区域内的统计资料、环境年报、文献记载等资料,同时进行野外调查、实地走访、采样分析等,获得研究区域近30年的土地利用变化数据,在GIS平台上,结合地理学、统计学、土地科学、景观生态学理论和相应的各种指标体系,对太原市土地利用动态变化、景观格局动态变化的情况进行分析,以期寻求太原市近30年来的土地利用变化规律以及土地利用变化对生态环境的影响,明确土地利用变化的驱动因子,提出有针对性的太原市土地开发利用的合理化建议。论文主要包括以下五部分:
1.介绍国内外土地利用/土地覆被变化及景观生态学的研究进展、相关成果以及研究区概况介绍;
2.介绍本研究的研究方法、结构路线、数据来源、研究采用的数量分析方法及指标体系;
3.运用RS、GIS软件获取的数据,分析和总结了研究区内土地利用结构的动态度变化、景观格局变化;
4.通过土壤中Hg、Cr的化学分析,研究LUCC对土地生态环境特别是土壤重金属污染的影响;
5.总结土地利用景观格局变化的主要驱动因子,提出区域内土地资源合理开发利用的建议,为研究区经济、社会、环境的可持续发展提供理论基础和依据。
根据文章的分析可得出以下结论:
1) 30年来,研究区域内耕地和林地是始终研究区域内居优势地位的土地类型,但这两种类型正不断向其他土地类型流转,耕地总量持续减少,林、草地面积近年有所增加,建设用地呈大幅度增长,水域面积变化较小。
2)区域内耕地、林地、草地、水域以及未利用土地的重要度均有所下降,城镇用地的重要度较大幅度的增加。动态度高,开发成果显著。
3)从景观水平上看,研究区景观异质性指数呈增加趋势;景观优势度呈减少趋势;均匀度指数增加,各地类均匀发展;破碎度指数除了城镇用地的降低外都有所增加。
4)不同土地利用类型区域外源因子输入对土壤中重金属污染的贡献不同;土壤重金属的空间分布与土地利用类型景观格局关系密切,大体表现为:居民城镇建设用地＞耕地＞草地＞林地＞末利用地。城镇用地的扩张带来了土壤污染的转移以及重金属污染的加剧。
5)人口与经济的增长、城市化进程的加快是引起研究区土地利用及景观格局变化的最主要驱动因素。其中,政策因子是林、草地面积回增、耕地流失减缓的主要影响因子。
Land use change (LUCC) mainly refers to the change of the ways of land use. The differences of natural and social conditions results in the regional of LUCC in quantity, intersoty, structure and other aspects. Studying on the regional LUCC can offer theory support to the district plan-making, thus to realize the sustanable development. This paper based on the data resources of the remote sensing images in four years of 1976, 1990, 2000, 2005 seperately, combining with the statistics,annual enviormental reports, literatures and other data,and meanwhile conducting field investigation, on-the-spot filed interview, sample analysis, ect, gets the change data of land use in the past 30 years. On the bases of GIS, together with geography, statistics, land science, landscape ecology and corresponding system of indicators the author analysizesdynamic variations on landuse and landscape pattern, hoping to seek the changes of land use in the past of 30 years in Taiyuan,and the influence of Ecological Environment which is caused by land use changes driving factor of the changes of land use, and thus puts forwards the reasonable suggestions about the land exploitation of Taiyuan. The thesis mainly includes the following five parts:
1. Introducing the LUCC in nation and abroad, and the research advance, corresponding achievements of the landscape ecology and the introduction of research district overview.
2.Introducing the research methods, structure routes, data resources, quantity analysis methods of research and the corresponding quota system.
3.Using data from the softwares of RS, GIS, the paper analyses and summarizes the dynamic variations of structure of land use, the changes of landscape pattern.
4.Analyzing the the soil Cr, Hg, and studying the influence of LUCC to the ecological enviroment,especially the influence of heavy metal contamination.
5.Summarizing the main driving factors of the changes of landscape pattern, and searching the possitive artificial interfere measures, putting forwards to the suggestions of exploiting the land resources in the district lands, thus offering the theory basis and foundation to study the sustain development of district economy, society, and envioronment.
According to the analysis, we can summarize the following conclusions:
1) In the past 30 years, the farm land and forest land in the district lies in the advantages of all the land types, but the two kinds is gradually tansforming to the other land types, the cultivated field is continuing to decrease. The forest and grass land is increasing in recent years, while the construction land is increasing rapidly, and the water area changes little.
2) The importance of farm, forest, grass land, water area and the unexploited land are going down, while the importance of urban land is increasing rapidly. The dynamic index is high, and the achievements of exploitation are obvious.
3) In the view of landscape level, the heterogeneity index of the research district indicates the increasing trend; the dominance index tends to decrease
4) The different districts of land use, the import of external origin factor have different contributions to the heavy metal pollution in earth; the spatital distribution of heavy metals in earth has close relationship with the landscape pattern of land use, which shows: the urban construction land of resilents lthe citizens>farm land>grass land>forest land>unexploited land. The expansion of urban land leads to the serious soil heavy metal pollution and soil quality degradation.
5) The growth of population and economy, the quickness of citilization are the main driving factors of LUCC and the change of landscape pattern in Taiyuan city. The convert cultivated land into forests political is the main factor for the increase of forest and grass lands and the weakening of soil erosion.
1.介绍国内外土地利用/土地覆被变化及景观生态学的研究进展、相关成果以及研究区概况介绍;
2.介绍本研究的研究方法、结构路线、数据来源、研究采用的数量分析方法及指标体系;
3.运用RS、GIS软件获取的数据,分析和总结了研究区内土地利用结构的动态度变化、景观格局变化;
4.通过土壤中Hg、Cr的化学分析,研究LUCC对土地生态环境特别是土壤重金属污染的影响;
5.总结土地利用景观格局变化的主要驱动因子,提出区域内土地资源合理开发利用的建议,为研究区经济、社会、环境的可持续发展提供理论基础和依据。
根据文章的分析可得出以下结论:
1) 30年来,研究区域内耕地和林地是始终研究区域内居优势地位的土地类型,但这两种类型正不断向其他土地类型流转,耕地总量持续减少,林、草地面积近年有所增加,建设用地呈大幅度增长,水域面积变化较小。
2)区域内耕地、林地、草地、水域以及未利用土地的重要度均有所下降,城镇用地的重要度较大幅度的增加。动态度高,开发成果显著。
3)从景观水平上看,研究区景观异质性指数呈增加趋势;景观优势度呈减少趋势;均匀度指数增加,各地类均匀发展;破碎度指数除了城镇用地的降低外都有所增加。
4)不同土地利用类型区域外源因子输入对土壤中重金属污染的贡献不同;土壤重金属的空间分布与土地利用类型景观格局关系密切,大体表现为:居民城镇建设用地＞耕地＞草地＞林地＞末利用地。城镇用地的扩张带来了土壤污染的转移以及重金属污染的加剧。
5)人口与经济的增长、城市化进程的加快是引起研究区土地利用及景观格局变化的最主要驱动因素。其中,政策因子是林、草地面积回增、耕地流失减缓的主要影响因子。
Land use change (LUCC) mainly refers to the change of the ways of land use. The differences of natural and social conditions results in the regional of LUCC in quantity, intersoty, structure and other aspects. Studying on the regional LUCC can offer theory support to the district plan-making, thus to realize the sustanable development. This paper based on the data resources of the remote sensing images in four years of 1976, 1990, 2000, 2005 seperately, combining with the statistics,annual enviormental reports, literatures and other data,and meanwhile conducting field investigation, on-the-spot filed interview, sample analysis, ect, gets the change data of land use in the past 30 years. On the bases of GIS, together with geography, statistics, land science, landscape ecology and corresponding system of indicators the author analysizesdynamic variations on landuse and landscape pattern, hoping to seek the changes of land use in the past of 30 years in Taiyuan,and the influence of Ecological Environment which is caused by land use changes driving factor of the changes of land use, and thus puts forwards the reasonable suggestions about the land exploitation of Taiyuan. The thesis mainly includes the following five parts:
1. Introducing the LUCC in nation and abroad, and the research advance, corresponding achievements of the landscape ecology and the introduction of research district overview.
2.Introducing the research methods, structure routes, data resources, quantity analysis methods of research and the corresponding quota system.
3.Using data from the softwares of RS, GIS, the paper analyses and summarizes the dynamic variations of structure of land use, the changes of landscape pattern.
4.Analyzing the the soil Cr, Hg, and studying the influence of LUCC to the ecological enviroment,especially the influence of heavy metal contamination.
5.Summarizing the main driving factors of the changes of landscape pattern, and searching the possitive artificial interfere measures, putting forwards to the suggestions of exploiting the land resources in the district lands, thus offering the theory basis and foundation to study the sustain development of district economy, society, and envioronment.
According to the analysis, we can summarize the following conclusions:
1) In the past 30 years, the farm land and forest land in the district lies in the advantages of all the land types, but the two kinds is gradually tansforming to the other land types, the cultivated field is continuing to decrease. The forest and grass land is increasing in recent years, while the construction land is increasing rapidly, and the water area changes little.
2) The importance of farm, forest, grass land, water area and the unexploited land are going down, while the importance of urban land is increasing rapidly. The dynamic index is high, and the achievements of exploitation are obvious.
3) In the view of landscape level, the heterogeneity index of the research district indicates the increasing trend; the dominance index tends to decrease
4) The different districts of land use, the import of external origin factor have different contributions to the heavy metal pollution in earth; the spatital distribution of heavy metals in earth has close relationship with the landscape pattern of land use, which shows: the urban construction land of resilents lthe citizens>farm land>grass land>forest land>unexploited land. The expansion of urban land leads to the serious soil heavy metal pollution and soil quality degradation.
5) The growth of population and economy, the quickness of citilization are the main driving factors of LUCC and the change of landscape pattern in Taiyuan city. The convert cultivated land into forests political is the main factor for the increase of forest and grass lands and the weakening of soil erosion.
引文
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[3]江东.地理信息系统及其在全球变化研究中的应用[M].北京:气象出版社.2003,12-80
[4]张世文,唐南奇.土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)研究现状与展望[J].亚热带农业研究.2006,2(3):221-225
[5]彭玉艳.基于RS和GIS的昕水河流域土地利用/土地覆被变化分析.黄土高原研究所:硕士学位论文,2006.6
[6]于兴修,杨桂山.中国土地利用/覆被变化研究的现状与问题.地理科学进展[J].2002,21(1):52-57
[7]Mandelbrot B B.The fractal geometry of nature[M].W H Freeman,New York,1982.
[8]付修勇.基于灰色关联分析方法的区域土地利用变化研究.[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(4):78-80
[9]肖笃宁主编 景观生态学:理论、方法及应用.[M]1991.北京:中国林业出版社.26-29
[10]刘建国.1992.当代生态学博论.北京:中国科学技术出版社.30-39
[11]邬建国.景观生态学--概念与理论[J].生态学2000.19(1):42-52
[12]田光进,张增祥,张国平,等.基于遥感与GIS的海口市景观格局动态演化[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1028-1034
[13]冷文芳,肖笃宁,李月辉,等.通过《Landscape Ecology》杂志看国际景观生态学研究动向[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):140-144
[14]Forman RTT,Godron M.,Landscape Ecology[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,1986
[15]Wu J,Hobbs R..Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology:An idiosyncratic synthesis[J].Landscape Ecol.,2002,17:355-365
[16]肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观生态学的学科前沿与发展战略[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1615-1621
[17]吴志峰.珠江三角洲典型区景观生态研究--以珠海为例.博士学位论文 2001.9
[18]肖笃宁.景观生态学-理论方法与应用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991:1-5
[19]肖笃宁,胡远满.景观生态学的发展[M].长沙:人类科学与技术出版社,1999:1-7
[20]薛欣飞.太原市杏花岭区土地利用景观格局分析.黄土高原研究所:硕士学位论文,2007.6
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