电视台高清播出系统研究与设计
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摘要
高清电视(以下简称“高清”)是广播电视技术进步的必然趋势,是数字电视的重要组成部分,是发展先进文化满足人民群众精神文化需求的内在要求。从整个行业的角度来看,标清电视(以下简称“标清”)向高清的转换必将是一个循序渐进的过程。一方面,广大电视观众的接收终端大部分仍然只支持标清,因此在建设支持高清的播出系统时必须考虑到为数众多的标清电视机的收视效果;另一方面,电视台保存的历史素材绝大部分都是标清的,因此在很长一段时间内,节目制作和播出环节都会存在高标清混合制播的情况。我国发展高清电视,主要采取现有频道高、标清同播过渡的方式,积极稳妥推进。高清标清同播(简称“高清同播”)时,既有大量高清节目素材下变换至高清播出,也有大量标清节目素材上变换至高清播出。在这样的背景下,如何选择合适的高、标清高标清上下变换器,如何恰当地制定高、标清转换策略,以及声音制播和字幕处理等相关问题是一项值得深入研究的课题。
本文通过查阅大量的相关资料,研究电视行业中高、标清上下变换的基本原理,首先,研究对比分析高标清上下变换所使用的去隔行、图像缩放与增强等相关算法。在重点研究去隔行、图像缩放与增强算法的基础上,对高标清上下变换器中的AFD(Active Format Description)等问题进行了深入分析。其次,在调查研究高标清上下变换器评价测试方法的基础上,结合广东电视台实际情况,系统介绍了电视台在高标清上下变换器设备选型、评测、验收等方面的典型方法和经验。在高标清混合制播的情况下,除了上下变换图像方面的研究,还要考虑到声音制播和字幕与图像分离播出等问题。最后,笔者对杜比5.1声道音频系统设计和字幕与图像分离播出的字幕播出系统设计做出详细介绍。
In all kinds of TV systems, the conversion and process of various signals are always occurred. Nowadays, the transferring of production and presentation systems from standard definition(SD) systems to full high definition(HD) systems will cost quite lot that most television stations can not afford, and, as a result, many of the materials and resources will continue to exist in standard definition format in a long period of time. What’s more , while HD broadcasting, it is also necessary to give enough attention to the huge number of SD users, so, the HD and SD mixed production and presentation systems will exist for a long time. To ensure the quality of television programs by technologies and management, it is very worth to study how to choose the appropriate up/down-converters and the appropriate tactics of up/down conversion.
In this paper, by consulting lots of relevant materials and information, the author researched the principles of up/down conversion. Firstly, the author contrasted and analyzed the de-interlacing, image scaling and enhancement, and other related processing algorithms. This paper is focus on de-interlacing, image scaling and enhancement algorithms and the author further researched the color gamut, active format description (AFD) and other issues in up/down converting process. Secondly, based on investigation and research on methods of evaluating and testing the up/down converters, integrated with the actual situation of Guangdong Television Station, this paper introduces the typical methods and experience in up/down converters selection, evaluating and checking before acceptance by the numbers. Finally, we tried to design a HD Media Server broadcast system. In the process, I was in charge of designing Dolby Digital 5.1-channel audio system, subtitles and image separation of broadcast system.
本文通过查阅大量的相关资料,研究电视行业中高、标清上下变换的基本原理,首先,研究对比分析高标清上下变换所使用的去隔行、图像缩放与增强等相关算法。在重点研究去隔行、图像缩放与增强算法的基础上,对高标清上下变换器中的AFD(Active Format Description)等问题进行了深入分析。其次,在调查研究高标清上下变换器评价测试方法的基础上,结合广东电视台实际情况,系统介绍了电视台在高标清上下变换器设备选型、评测、验收等方面的典型方法和经验。在高标清混合制播的情况下,除了上下变换图像方面的研究,还要考虑到声音制播和字幕与图像分离播出等问题。最后,笔者对杜比5.1声道音频系统设计和字幕与图像分离播出的字幕播出系统设计做出详细介绍。
In all kinds of TV systems, the conversion and process of various signals are always occurred. Nowadays, the transferring of production and presentation systems from standard definition(SD) systems to full high definition(HD) systems will cost quite lot that most television stations can not afford, and, as a result, many of the materials and resources will continue to exist in standard definition format in a long period of time. What’s more , while HD broadcasting, it is also necessary to give enough attention to the huge number of SD users, so, the HD and SD mixed production and presentation systems will exist for a long time. To ensure the quality of television programs by technologies and management, it is very worth to study how to choose the appropriate up/down-converters and the appropriate tactics of up/down conversion.
In this paper, by consulting lots of relevant materials and information, the author researched the principles of up/down conversion. Firstly, the author contrasted and analyzed the de-interlacing, image scaling and enhancement, and other related processing algorithms. This paper is focus on de-interlacing, image scaling and enhancement algorithms and the author further researched the color gamut, active format description (AFD) and other issues in up/down converting process. Secondly, based on investigation and research on methods of evaluating and testing the up/down converters, integrated with the actual situation of Guangdong Television Station, this paper introduces the typical methods and experience in up/down converters selection, evaluating and checking before acceptance by the numbers. Finally, we tried to design a HD Media Server broadcast system. In the process, I was in charge of designing Dolby Digital 5.1-channel audio system, subtitles and image separation of broadcast system.
引文
[1]林永宁.中国数字高清的发展[J].世界广播电视. 2006(4):94-97
[2] GY/T155-2000[S].高清晰度电视节目制作及交换用视频参数标准. 2000
[3]邓伟.从标清到高清,从约定到标准,从互联到整合[J].广播与电视技术,2006(5):68-75
[4]张友,郑世宝.数字视频上变换器及其应用[J].电视技术2004(7):35-36
[5]刘陟.视频扫描格式转换芯片相关算法研究[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005年
[6]王朋,刘重庆一种基于中值滤波的运动补偿去隔行算法[J]上海交通大学报,2003( 6):4-5
[7] Alan Bovik. Handbook of Image and Video Processing (Second Edition) [M].电子工业出版社2006年:34-37
[8]杨勇强.对高清上、下变换使用的思考[J].电视字幕·特技与动画. 2009(3): 15-16
[9]赵圣杰.上下变换器在高清中的应用[J].广播与电视技术2009(5):27-28
[10]李春涛. HDTV到SDTV转换编码技术的研究[J].电视技术2005(2):36-37
[11]杨开荣.标清系统向高清系统过渡几个值得关注的问题及对策[J].现代电视技术2005(12)20-21
[12]周永康.高标清兼容系统设计与探析[J].现代电视技术. 2005 (3):29-30
[13] Graham Jones. Implementing Closed Captioning for DTV. NAB Broadcast Engineering Conference Proceedings[Z]. 2004
[14] Brian Markwalter.数字电视时代的隐藏式字幕[J].中国电子商情. 2007 (12):11-13
[15]陈文飞.浅析上下变换器的关键技术[J].现代电视技术. 2007(11):30-31
[16] www. harris.com. .2009
[17] www.evertz.com .2009
[18] www.tek.com .2009
[19]陈攻.对高清摄像机测试的思考[J].现代电视技术.2007(2):23-25
[20]罗向群.高清演播室系统设计中技术问题的探讨[J].广播与电视技术,2006(8):65-72.
[21]苏志武,林定祥,章文辉.数字电视系统测量与监测[M].电子工业出版社,2009年:38-40
[22] GY/T160-2000[S].数字分量演播室接口中的附属数据信号格式.2000
[23]陈云等. 5.1环绕立体声在高清电视应用中的适用性探讨.IBTC2006论文集[C].2006:1-10.
[24]兰建立.字幕制播分离工作模式的应用[J].广播与电视技术. 2006(8):55-59
[25]骆萧萧李永葆.共赢"前高清"时代[J].现代电视技术. 2008(12):22-24
[2] GY/T155-2000[S].高清晰度电视节目制作及交换用视频参数标准. 2000
[3]邓伟.从标清到高清,从约定到标准,从互联到整合[J].广播与电视技术,2006(5):68-75
[4]张友,郑世宝.数字视频上变换器及其应用[J].电视技术2004(7):35-36
[5]刘陟.视频扫描格式转换芯片相关算法研究[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2005年
[6]王朋,刘重庆一种基于中值滤波的运动补偿去隔行算法[J]上海交通大学报,2003( 6):4-5
[7] Alan Bovik. Handbook of Image and Video Processing (Second Edition) [M].电子工业出版社2006年:34-37
[8]杨勇强.对高清上、下变换使用的思考[J].电视字幕·特技与动画. 2009(3): 15-16
[9]赵圣杰.上下变换器在高清中的应用[J].广播与电视技术2009(5):27-28
[10]李春涛. HDTV到SDTV转换编码技术的研究[J].电视技术2005(2):36-37
[11]杨开荣.标清系统向高清系统过渡几个值得关注的问题及对策[J].现代电视技术2005(12)20-21
[12]周永康.高标清兼容系统设计与探析[J].现代电视技术. 2005 (3):29-30
[13] Graham Jones. Implementing Closed Captioning for DTV. NAB Broadcast Engineering Conference Proceedings[Z]. 2004
[14] Brian Markwalter.数字电视时代的隐藏式字幕[J].中国电子商情. 2007 (12):11-13
[15]陈文飞.浅析上下变换器的关键技术[J].现代电视技术. 2007(11):30-31
[16] www. harris.com. .2009
[17] www.evertz.com .2009
[18] www.tek.com .2009
[19]陈攻.对高清摄像机测试的思考[J].现代电视技术.2007(2):23-25
[20]罗向群.高清演播室系统设计中技术问题的探讨[J].广播与电视技术,2006(8):65-72.
[21]苏志武,林定祥,章文辉.数字电视系统测量与监测[M].电子工业出版社,2009年:38-40
[22] GY/T160-2000[S].数字分量演播室接口中的附属数据信号格式.2000
[23]陈云等. 5.1环绕立体声在高清电视应用中的适用性探讨.IBTC2006论文集[C].2006:1-10.
[24]兰建立.字幕制播分离工作模式的应用[J].广播与电视技术. 2006(8):55-59
[25]骆萧萧李永葆.共赢"前高清"时代[J].现代电视技术. 2008(12):22-24
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