跨组织资源与集群租金创造
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摘要
随着经济的发展,国际分工不断深化,当今世界经济正呈现出全球化和地方化趋势。在经济全球化浪潮席卷世界的同时,产业集群在世界经济版图上也日益凸现,产业发展的集群化越来越成为一种普遍现象。产业集群作为一种新的产业和区域经济发展范式表现出强大的竞争力,并日益成为主导世界经济发展的组织形式,而且在学术上也是学者们普遍关注的焦点。目前理论界对于产业集群竞争优势的探讨,通常都会从集群租金着手,从资源禀赋,增长极等角度来研究集群租金。但是都只是对集群租金进行了简单的分析,对于集群租金的产生原理,都没有讲述得特别清楚。基于上述情况,为了加深对产业集群租金的了解,本文从跨组织资源着手,研究了跨组织资源在集群租金创造中的作用。这个角度来研究集群租金更能从本质上看到集群租金的产生机理,能够让我们更深入了解集群内部企业的关系,从而对提高产业集群的竞争力有更大的帮助。
本文以产业集群内部的跨组织资源对集群租金创造的影响为研究重点。围绕跨组织资源的提出、跨组织资源的特征、集群租金的内涵和分类,以及跨组织资源对集群租金创造的影响机制依次展开分析研究。通过理论研究、模型构建等一系列研究方法,明晰了跨组织资源对集群租金创造的影响机制。通过全文的分析论证,研究结果表明稀缺的跨组织资源由于专有性、不可模仿性,从而对李嘉图租金的创造产生重要影响;且跨组织资源的低成本转换能够促进创新,决定了创新的程度和方式,而创新的外部效应能够扩大创新范围,从而对熊彼特租金的创造也具有很重要的影响;集群企业对跨组织资源的专门性吸收能力、对它进行的专用性投资形成的互惠关系、以及基于跨组织资源的集群企业的互补性对关系租金的创造都有重要影响。因此为了提高集群的竞争力,为了获取集群租金,我们就要重视跨组织资源培育,并提出了一些针对性的建议和对策。
With economic development, the international division of labor become deepening and today's world economy is showing a trend of globalization and localization. At the same time of the wave of economic globalization in the world, industrial clusters in the world economy is increasingly highlighted map and clusters of industrial development become a universal phenomenon. Industrial clusters as a new industry and regional economic development paradigm globally achieved considerable success, showing a strong competitive and is increasingly becoming the world's leading economic development organization, but also in academic scholars the focus of widespread concern. At present, for the industrial cluster theory sector of competitive advantage, they usually start from the cluster of rent, generally the natural endowment of resources to study the growth of rent clusters. rents have only a simple cluster analysis, But the cluster’s rent generated by something is not clear about the special. Based on all of above, in order to deepen the understanding of the rental industry clusters, the paper started from the cross-organizational resources to study it in the cluster and what is the role of creating rent. This perspective to study the cluster can see clearly the cluster from the nature of rent generation mechanism, which can have a better understanding of cluster rent, and will allow us to more in-depth understanding of the relationship between the enterprises within the cluster. The two in-depth understanding, can help us understand the competitiveness of industry clusters more thoroughly, thus can improve the competitiveness of industrial clusters both from micro and overall.
This article take industrial clusters interior cross organization resources to clusters rent creation influence as research key. Revolves the cross organization resources to propose, cross organization resources the characteristic, the cluster rent connotation and the classification, as well as the cross organization resources launch the analysis research in turn to the cluster rent creation influence mechanism. Through fundamental research, model construction and so on a series of research technique, defined cross organization resources to cluster rent creation influence mechanism. Through the full text analysis proof, the findings indicate the scarce cross organization resources because appropriation, not imitability, thus the rent creation has the important influence to Li Jiatu; Also the cross organization resources low cost transforms can promote the innovation, has decided the innovation degree and the way, but innovates exterior effect can expand the innovation scope, thus also has the very important influence to the Schumpeter rent creation; The reciprocal benefit relations to it which the cluster enterprise to the cross organization resources technicality absorbancy, which carries on the special-purpose investment forms, as well as the cross organization resources complementarity to relates the rent the creation all to have the important influence. Therefore in order to enhance the cluster’s the competitive power and to gain the cluster rent, we must take the cross organization resources cultivation, and put forward some pointed proposals and the countermeasure.
本文以产业集群内部的跨组织资源对集群租金创造的影响为研究重点。围绕跨组织资源的提出、跨组织资源的特征、集群租金的内涵和分类,以及跨组织资源对集群租金创造的影响机制依次展开分析研究。通过理论研究、模型构建等一系列研究方法,明晰了跨组织资源对集群租金创造的影响机制。通过全文的分析论证,研究结果表明稀缺的跨组织资源由于专有性、不可模仿性,从而对李嘉图租金的创造产生重要影响;且跨组织资源的低成本转换能够促进创新,决定了创新的程度和方式,而创新的外部效应能够扩大创新范围,从而对熊彼特租金的创造也具有很重要的影响;集群企业对跨组织资源的专门性吸收能力、对它进行的专用性投资形成的互惠关系、以及基于跨组织资源的集群企业的互补性对关系租金的创造都有重要影响。因此为了提高集群的竞争力,为了获取集群租金,我们就要重视跨组织资源培育,并提出了一些针对性的建议和对策。
With economic development, the international division of labor become deepening and today's world economy is showing a trend of globalization and localization. At the same time of the wave of economic globalization in the world, industrial clusters in the world economy is increasingly highlighted map and clusters of industrial development become a universal phenomenon. Industrial clusters as a new industry and regional economic development paradigm globally achieved considerable success, showing a strong competitive and is increasingly becoming the world's leading economic development organization, but also in academic scholars the focus of widespread concern. At present, for the industrial cluster theory sector of competitive advantage, they usually start from the cluster of rent, generally the natural endowment of resources to study the growth of rent clusters. rents have only a simple cluster analysis, But the cluster’s rent generated by something is not clear about the special. Based on all of above, in order to deepen the understanding of the rental industry clusters, the paper started from the cross-organizational resources to study it in the cluster and what is the role of creating rent. This perspective to study the cluster can see clearly the cluster from the nature of rent generation mechanism, which can have a better understanding of cluster rent, and will allow us to more in-depth understanding of the relationship between the enterprises within the cluster. The two in-depth understanding, can help us understand the competitiveness of industry clusters more thoroughly, thus can improve the competitiveness of industrial clusters both from micro and overall.
This article take industrial clusters interior cross organization resources to clusters rent creation influence as research key. Revolves the cross organization resources to propose, cross organization resources the characteristic, the cluster rent connotation and the classification, as well as the cross organization resources launch the analysis research in turn to the cluster rent creation influence mechanism. Through fundamental research, model construction and so on a series of research technique, defined cross organization resources to cluster rent creation influence mechanism. Through the full text analysis proof, the findings indicate the scarce cross organization resources because appropriation, not imitability, thus the rent creation has the important influence to Li Jiatu; Also the cross organization resources low cost transforms can promote the innovation, has decided the innovation degree and the way, but innovates exterior effect can expand the innovation scope, thus also has the very important influence to the Schumpeter rent creation; The reciprocal benefit relations to it which the cluster enterprise to the cross organization resources technicality absorbancy, which carries on the special-purpose investment forms, as well as the cross organization resources complementarity to relates the rent the creation all to have the important influence. Therefore in order to enhance the cluster’s the competitive power and to gain the cluster rent, we must take the cross organization resources cultivation, and put forward some pointed proposals and the countermeasure.
引文
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[2]魏江.产业集群:创新系统与技术学习[M].北京科技出版社,2003:176-192.
[3]浙江省经济贸易委员会.加快向现代产业集群转型—2007年浙江省块状经济发展报告[J] .浙江经济, 2008,(17) :38-42.
[4]刘恒江,陈继祥.产业集群竞争力研究述评[J].外国经济与管理, 2004,(10) :2-3.
[5] Humphrey. J. H. schmitz. governance in global value chain [R]. IDS Bullet, 2001:9-28.
[6]喻卫斌.产业集群的交易特征及其治理[J].青海社会科学, 2005,(3):41-43.
[7] Molina-Morale, Martinez-Femadez. M. T. How much difference is There between industrial district firms? A net value creation approach[J]. Research Policy, 2004:473一486.
[8]青木昌彦.企业的合作博弈理论[M].中国人民大学出版社, 2005:147-269.
[9] Tarun Khanna. The scope of alliances[J]. Organization Science , 1998:340– 3551.
[10] Scott. A. The Collective Order of Flexible Production Agglomerations: Lessons for Local Development Policy and Strategic Choice. Economic Geography, 1992:219-233.
[11]李宁.集群剩余与企业集群内部协调机制研究[J].南开管理评论, 2005,(2):60-64.
[12]李世杰.产业集群的组织分析[D].东北大学, 2006:85-89.
[13]何青松,臧旭恒.产业集群租金与产业集群演进研究[D].山东大学,2007:45-141.
[14]郑亚莉.准市场组织与集群经济[D].浙江大学政治经济学, 2005:89-96.
[15] Morosini. P. Managing cultural differences [M]. Oxford,UK:Pergamon Press,1998.
[16] Morosini.P. Competing on social capabilities:adefining strategic challenge of The new millennium[C]. IMD Wbrking PaPer 2002一1,IMD,Lausanne,Switzerland,2002:63-64.
[17] Ranjay Gulati, Nitin Nohria, Akbar Zaheer. Strategic networks[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000:151–203.
[18] Jeffrey.H.Dyer. Specialized Networks as a Source of Competitive Advantage: Evidence from the Auto Industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1996,(4):44-51.
[19]王雎.跨组织资源与企业合作:基于关系的视角[J].中国工业经济, 2006,(4):44-51.
[20]罗珉.组织间关系理论最新研究视角探析[J].外国经济与管理, 2007,(1):25-32.
[21]温承革,杨晓燕.外资主导型产业集群创新路径跨组织资源视角——以苏州IT产业集群为例[J].现代管理科学, 2008,(7):67-68.
[22]耿帅.基于共享性资源观的集群企业竞争优势研究[D].浙江大学管理学院管理科学与工程, 2005:41-64.
[23]顾志刚.产业集群共享性资源动态演化机制研究[D].浙江大学管理科学与工程, 2007:47-63.
[24] Foss. N. J. Higher-order industrial capabilities and competitive advantage. Journal of Industry Studies, 1996(3): 1-20.
[25] Learned.E. P. Christensen CR, And rews KR, Guth W. Business Policy. Homewood, IL: Irwin,1969:45-141.
[26] Enright. M. J. Regional clusters and firm strategy. Oxford, Chandler AD, 1999:315-342.
[27]林健.产业集群中的知识溢出与知识共享[J].统计与决策, 2007,(7):56-57.
[28]樊钱涛.产业集群的知识溢出与知识获取[J].工业技术经济, 2006,(12):70-71.
[29]刘林青,谭力文.租金、力量和绩效——全球价值链背景下对竞争优势的思考[J].中国工业经济, 2008,(1) :50-58.
[30]臧旭恒,何青松.试论产业集群租金与产业集群演进[J].中国工业经济, 2007,(3): 5-13.
[31]杨瑞龙,杨其静.专用性、专有性与企业制度[J].经济研究, 2001,(3):3-5.
[32]卢福财,胡平波.网络租金及其形成机理分析[J].中国工业经济, 2006,(6):84-90.
[33]陈丽芝.基于知识的企业集群竞争优势研究[J].科技管理研究, 2007,(2):192-193.
[34]刘娟.战略联盟中资源流动及控制研究[D] .天津商业大学企业管理, 2007:15-24.
[35]朱涛.产业集群内企业之间合作创新的理论分析[J].经济经纬, 2007,(3) :88-90.
[36]胡凤玲.网络资源与企业技术创新集群竞争优势[J].审计与经济研究, 2005,(5) :88-90.
[37]王敏.基于企业社会资本的产业集群创新研究[D].武汉科技大学企业管理, 2007:45-141.
[38]郑寒.知识联盟中基于知识转移的——知识创新过程模式研究[D].重庆大学企业管理, 2007:25-30.
[39]李宁.企业集群内部协调机制研究[D].山东大学企业管理, 2003:79-82.
[40]王睢,罗珉.基于关系性吸收能力的合作创新研究[J].科研管理, 2008,(1):14-20.
[41]赵玮.基于产业集群的企业竞合关系研究[J].云南师范大学学报, 2007,(3) :7-12.
[42]威廉姆森.资本主义经济制度[M].商务印书馆, 2004:45-250.
[43]马中生.基于分工视角的产业集群形成和演进机理研究[D].辽宁大学经济思想史, 2006:84-97.
[44]罗珉,徐宏玲.组织间关系:价值界面与关系租金的获取[J].中国工业经济, 2007,(1): 68-70.
[45]张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究[D].西南农林科技大学农业经济管理, 2007:34-35.
[2]魏江.产业集群:创新系统与技术学习[M].北京科技出版社,2003:176-192.
[3]浙江省经济贸易委员会.加快向现代产业集群转型—2007年浙江省块状经济发展报告[J] .浙江经济, 2008,(17) :38-42.
[4]刘恒江,陈继祥.产业集群竞争力研究述评[J].外国经济与管理, 2004,(10) :2-3.
[5] Humphrey. J. H. schmitz. governance in global value chain [R]. IDS Bullet, 2001:9-28.
[6]喻卫斌.产业集群的交易特征及其治理[J].青海社会科学, 2005,(3):41-43.
[7] Molina-Morale, Martinez-Femadez. M. T. How much difference is There between industrial district firms? A net value creation approach[J]. Research Policy, 2004:473一486.
[8]青木昌彦.企业的合作博弈理论[M].中国人民大学出版社, 2005:147-269.
[9] Tarun Khanna. The scope of alliances[J]. Organization Science , 1998:340– 3551.
[10] Scott. A. The Collective Order of Flexible Production Agglomerations: Lessons for Local Development Policy and Strategic Choice. Economic Geography, 1992:219-233.
[11]李宁.集群剩余与企业集群内部协调机制研究[J].南开管理评论, 2005,(2):60-64.
[12]李世杰.产业集群的组织分析[D].东北大学, 2006:85-89.
[13]何青松,臧旭恒.产业集群租金与产业集群演进研究[D].山东大学,2007:45-141.
[14]郑亚莉.准市场组织与集群经济[D].浙江大学政治经济学, 2005:89-96.
[15] Morosini. P. Managing cultural differences [M]. Oxford,UK:Pergamon Press,1998.
[16] Morosini.P. Competing on social capabilities:adefining strategic challenge of The new millennium[C]. IMD Wbrking PaPer 2002一1,IMD,Lausanne,Switzerland,2002:63-64.
[17] Ranjay Gulati, Nitin Nohria, Akbar Zaheer. Strategic networks[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2000:151–203.
[18] Jeffrey.H.Dyer. Specialized Networks as a Source of Competitive Advantage: Evidence from the Auto Industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1996,(4):44-51.
[19]王雎.跨组织资源与企业合作:基于关系的视角[J].中国工业经济, 2006,(4):44-51.
[20]罗珉.组织间关系理论最新研究视角探析[J].外国经济与管理, 2007,(1):25-32.
[21]温承革,杨晓燕.外资主导型产业集群创新路径跨组织资源视角——以苏州IT产业集群为例[J].现代管理科学, 2008,(7):67-68.
[22]耿帅.基于共享性资源观的集群企业竞争优势研究[D].浙江大学管理学院管理科学与工程, 2005:41-64.
[23]顾志刚.产业集群共享性资源动态演化机制研究[D].浙江大学管理科学与工程, 2007:47-63.
[24] Foss. N. J. Higher-order industrial capabilities and competitive advantage. Journal of Industry Studies, 1996(3): 1-20.
[25] Learned.E. P. Christensen CR, And rews KR, Guth W. Business Policy. Homewood, IL: Irwin,1969:45-141.
[26] Enright. M. J. Regional clusters and firm strategy. Oxford, Chandler AD, 1999:315-342.
[27]林健.产业集群中的知识溢出与知识共享[J].统计与决策, 2007,(7):56-57.
[28]樊钱涛.产业集群的知识溢出与知识获取[J].工业技术经济, 2006,(12):70-71.
[29]刘林青,谭力文.租金、力量和绩效——全球价值链背景下对竞争优势的思考[J].中国工业经济, 2008,(1) :50-58.
[30]臧旭恒,何青松.试论产业集群租金与产业集群演进[J].中国工业经济, 2007,(3): 5-13.
[31]杨瑞龙,杨其静.专用性、专有性与企业制度[J].经济研究, 2001,(3):3-5.
[32]卢福财,胡平波.网络租金及其形成机理分析[J].中国工业经济, 2006,(6):84-90.
[33]陈丽芝.基于知识的企业集群竞争优势研究[J].科技管理研究, 2007,(2):192-193.
[34]刘娟.战略联盟中资源流动及控制研究[D] .天津商业大学企业管理, 2007:15-24.
[35]朱涛.产业集群内企业之间合作创新的理论分析[J].经济经纬, 2007,(3) :88-90.
[36]胡凤玲.网络资源与企业技术创新集群竞争优势[J].审计与经济研究, 2005,(5) :88-90.
[37]王敏.基于企业社会资本的产业集群创新研究[D].武汉科技大学企业管理, 2007:45-141.
[38]郑寒.知识联盟中基于知识转移的——知识创新过程模式研究[D].重庆大学企业管理, 2007:25-30.
[39]李宁.企业集群内部协调机制研究[D].山东大学企业管理, 2003:79-82.
[40]王睢,罗珉.基于关系性吸收能力的合作创新研究[J].科研管理, 2008,(1):14-20.
[41]赵玮.基于产业集群的企业竞合关系研究[J].云南师范大学学报, 2007,(3) :7-12.
[42]威廉姆森.资本主义经济制度[M].商务印书馆, 2004:45-250.
[43]马中生.基于分工视角的产业集群形成和演进机理研究[D].辽宁大学经济思想史, 2006:84-97.
[44]罗珉,徐宏玲.组织间关系:价值界面与关系租金的获取[J].中国工业经济, 2007,(1): 68-70.
[45]张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究[D].西南农林科技大学农业经济管理, 2007:34-35.
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