Ti-6Al-4V合金电火花强化工艺及磨损特性
摘要
钛及钛合金具有高比强度、高耐蚀性、高熔点、高弹性模量、相对较高的疲劳强度和好的塑性等许多优异的性能。Ti-6Al-4V是一种α+β型两相钛合金,具有优异的综合性能。然而,钛合金的摩擦学性能不好,易于粘着,耐磨损性能较差。由于TiC具有较高的熔点、硬度以及较好的化学稳定性,具有优异的耐磨损性能,因此在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面生成TiC膜层将是提高其耐磨性的一种途径。
电火花强化技术因其设备、工艺简单而受到越来越多的关注。本文利用电火花强化过程中产生的高温,并促使电火花强化液热分解产生C原子,在电场的作用下加速到Ti-6Al-4V合金表面上,与Ti-6Al-4V合金表面的Ti原子结合生成TiC膜层。分别以紫铜、石墨、不锈钢为阳极,Ti-6A1-4V合金为阴极,在电火花强化液中进行电火花强化处理。
试样表面膜层的XRD分析表明,膜层主要由TiC相组成。膜层截面形貌表明,生成的TiC膜层与基体结合紧密。电火花强化处理后的Ti-6Al-4V合金试样截面显微硬度测试表明,膜层的显微硬度较基体有了大幅度的提高。其中由紫铜、石墨电极电火花强化的Ti-6Al-4V合金膜层显微硬度都达到了1500Hv以上。利用MM-200型磨损试验机测试了膜层的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明经过电火花强化处理Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐磨性有大幅度提高。
Ti and Ti alloys have lots of excellent properties such as high strength weight ratio and melting point, excellent corrosion resistance and plastic property, high modulus of elasiticity and endurance strength etc. Ti-6A1-4V(TC4)is typical double phase Ti alloy of ledeburite a+P type with perfect combination property. However, some defects including high friction coefficient, easy adhesion and low abrasion resistance are obstruction to expand using of Ti-6A1-4V with increasing demand to material property. These flaws can be well worked out by TiC film on the surface of substance, which possesses high melting point and hardness, excellent chemical stabilization and abrasion resistance. It is the better way to improve the abrasion resistance of Ti alloy formed TiC film on the surface of Ti-6A1-4V. This paper mainly study one new technics to form TiC film.
Electrical sparkle processing strengthening technology has been increasingly attracted due to simple equipment and technics. High temperature can be released during electrical sparkle processing, which desintergrate working fluid to produce C plasma. Melted Ti combined C plasma transferred to the surface of sample by electric field to form TiC film. The working fluid was kerosene, negative pole was sample of Ti-6A1-4V, while positive pole resorted to different material including copper, plumbago and stainless steel.
The film's phase structure on the surface of sample was analyzed by XRD.It was found the film mainly composed TiC phase. Surface morphology and cross-section morphology were investigated by SEM. The samples processed by copper and plumbago electrode were better than stainless steel electrode, the former hardness could up to 1500Hv. Frictional and wear properties were tested on the MM-200 testing machine. It was shown abrasion resistance after electrical sparkle processing treatment using three different electrode was obviously superior to non-treatment.
电火花强化技术因其设备、工艺简单而受到越来越多的关注。本文利用电火花强化过程中产生的高温,并促使电火花强化液热分解产生C原子,在电场的作用下加速到Ti-6Al-4V合金表面上,与Ti-6Al-4V合金表面的Ti原子结合生成TiC膜层。分别以紫铜、石墨、不锈钢为阳极,Ti-6A1-4V合金为阴极,在电火花强化液中进行电火花强化处理。
试样表面膜层的XRD分析表明,膜层主要由TiC相组成。膜层截面形貌表明,生成的TiC膜层与基体结合紧密。电火花强化处理后的Ti-6Al-4V合金试样截面显微硬度测试表明,膜层的显微硬度较基体有了大幅度的提高。其中由紫铜、石墨电极电火花强化的Ti-6Al-4V合金膜层显微硬度都达到了1500Hv以上。利用MM-200型磨损试验机测试了膜层的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明经过电火花强化处理Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐磨性有大幅度提高。
Ti and Ti alloys have lots of excellent properties such as high strength weight ratio and melting point, excellent corrosion resistance and plastic property, high modulus of elasiticity and endurance strength etc. Ti-6A1-4V(TC4)is typical double phase Ti alloy of ledeburite a+P type with perfect combination property. However, some defects including high friction coefficient, easy adhesion and low abrasion resistance are obstruction to expand using of Ti-6A1-4V with increasing demand to material property. These flaws can be well worked out by TiC film on the surface of substance, which possesses high melting point and hardness, excellent chemical stabilization and abrasion resistance. It is the better way to improve the abrasion resistance of Ti alloy formed TiC film on the surface of Ti-6A1-4V. This paper mainly study one new technics to form TiC film.
Electrical sparkle processing strengthening technology has been increasingly attracted due to simple equipment and technics. High temperature can be released during electrical sparkle processing, which desintergrate working fluid to produce C plasma. Melted Ti combined C plasma transferred to the surface of sample by electric field to form TiC film. The working fluid was kerosene, negative pole was sample of Ti-6A1-4V, while positive pole resorted to different material including copper, plumbago and stainless steel.
The film's phase structure on the surface of sample was analyzed by XRD.It was found the film mainly composed TiC phase. Surface morphology and cross-section morphology were investigated by SEM. The samples processed by copper and plumbago electrode were better than stainless steel electrode, the former hardness could up to 1500Hv. Frictional and wear properties were tested on the MM-200 testing machine. It was shown abrasion resistance after electrical sparkle processing treatment using three different electrode was obviously superior to non-treatment.
引文
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[2]余洪.金属钛及其合金.汽车工艺与材料,2004,(12)：6-9.
[3]赵树萍 吕双坤郝文杰等钛合金及其表面处理[M].121-125
[4]何利舰,张小农.钛及钛合金的表面处理技术新进展[J].上海金属,2005(3)：39-44
[5]赵树萍.钛及其合金微弧氧化的应用.国外热处理[J].1999(6)
[6]胡正琼,张颖,王贻华.钛合金的离子束改性[J].北京航空航天大学报,1998,24(5)：596-598
[7]杨胜群,孟庆武,耿林等.钛合金表面激光熔覆涂层的耐磨性能[J].激光技 术,1999,31(5)：473-477
[8]汪泓宠,田民波.离子束表面强化.北京：机械工业出版社,1992
[9]Kelly P J,Amell R D.Magnetron sputtering:a review of recent development and applications.Vacuum,2000,56:156-172
[10]赵万生,王振龙,郭东明等.国外特种加工技术的最新进展.电加工.1999,(5)：12-19
[11]国枝正典.放电加工技术的现状和将来.机械的研究.[J]1999,51(6)：16-22
[12]国枝正典,增沢隆久.横方向放电加工的试验性技术.[J]1987,2(7)：80-81
[13]沈洪.电火花加工技术发展的里程碑.电加工.1995,(4)：37-38
[14]S.Webzell.That First Step into EDM,in:Machinery.Findlay Publications Ltd,2001:41～45
[15]K.H.Ho,S.T.Newman.State of the Art Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM). International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2003,43:1287-1300
[16]A.L.Livshits.Electron-Erosion Machining of Metals. Butterworth&Co,London, 1960: 10-12
[17]D.Kremer,C.Lhiaubet,A.Moisan.A Study of the Effect of Synchronizing Ultrasonic Vibrations with Pulses in EDM.Annals of the CIRP,1991,40(1):211-214
[18]D.Kremer,J.L.Lebrun,B.Hosari,A.Moisan.Effects of Ultrasonic Vibrations on the Performances in EDM.Annals of the CIRP,1989,38(1):199-202
[19]Zhixin Jia,Jianhua Zhang,Xing Ai.Study on a New Kind of Combine Machining Technology of Ultrasonic Machining and Electrical Discharge Machining.International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,1997
[20]赵万生,韦红雨,狄十春,马骏.微细电火花加的新进展.仪器仪表学报,1996, 17(1)：65-69
[21]王振龙,赵万生,狄十春,迟关心.微细电火花加卜技术的研究进展.中国机械工程,2002,13(10)：894-898
[22]T.Masuazwa,M.Fujino,K.Kobyaashi.Wire eleetro-discharge grinding of micro-machining. Annals of the CIRP,1985,34(1):431-434
[23]B.H.Yan,F. YHuang,H.M.ehow,J.Y.Tsai. Micro-hole maehining of carbide by electrical Discharge machining. Journal of Materials Poreessing Teehnology,1999,87:139-145
[24]张勇,王振龙,李志勇,杨洋,贾宝贤,胡富强,赵万生.微细电火花加工装置关键技术研究.机械工程学报,2004,40(9)：175-179
[25]袁松梅,赵万生,刘维东,架英艳.超声电火花复合加工的研究进展.航空精密制造技术.1998,34(6)：17-20
[26]yan Chenrg Lin,Biing Hwa Yan, Yong Song Chnag.Machining eharacteristics of tinatium alloy(Ti±6AI±4V)using a combinationProeess of EDM with USM.Jounral of MaterialsPoreessing ehnology,2000,104:171-177
[27]T.B.Thoe D.K.Aspiwall,N.Killey,Cmbied utrasonic and electrical discharge machining of ceramic coated nickel alloy.journal of Materials Processing Technology.1999,92-93; 323-328
[28]曹风国.电火花加工：技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2005,1：325-327
[29]李立青,王振龙,赵万生.气体放电加工机理分析.哈尔滨工业人学学报,2004,36(3)：359-362
[30]姚寿山,李戈扬,胡文彬.表面科学与技术.北京：机械工业出版社
[31]夏卿坤,汗大鹏,李国锋,刘煌,戴娟.电火花表面强化工艺及其应用.新技术新工艺2004,5：32-33
[32]Katsushi Fuurtnai,Akinori saneto,Hideki Takeazwa,Naotake Mohri,Hideatka Miyake. Aeeertion of titnaium carbide by eleetrieal diseharge machining with Powder suspended in working fluid.Pereision Engineering,2001,25:138-144
[33]电火花加工：最新技术进展.机电信息,2003,7：23-23
[34]N.SaitoN.MohriT.Takawashi,T.Magara,A.Goto,K.Watanabe,M.Suzuki.Conduetive Ceramies Coating Teehnology Using EDM on Metal Surfaee(Surface Modifieation by Means of Eleetrieal Diseharge Maehining)ISEM-Xll,1997:455-463.
[35]井上洁著.帅元伦,于学文译.放电加工的原理.北京：国防工业出版社,1983.
[36]王荣华.电火花表面合金化机理及性能研究.电加工,1985,(3)：5-14.
[37]王世杰,傅博.电火花表面强化的实验与研究.辽宁工学院学报,1999, (9)：8-11.
[38]李明辉.电火花加工理论基础.北京：国防工业出版社,1989.
[39]邵楠,梅芳华等.反应溅射TiC薄膜的微结构及力学性能[J].表面技术2003.32.3.
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