不规则最短路径算法及在地震精确定位中的应用研究
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摘要
本文使用不规则网格单元划分下的最短路径算法(ISPM)结合分区多步计算技术,实现了二维和三维复杂层状起伏介质中的多次透射、反射及转换波的追踪计算。其原理是将模型按速度界面分成若干个独立的计算区域(在速度界面和起伏地表处采用一种不规则网格单元划分),采用分区多步计算技术进行多次波的追踪计算。通过与有限差分下快速行进法(FMM)及规则最短路径方法(RSPM)的对比,表明无论是计算精度还是CPU时间,ISPM算法均好于FMM、RSPM算法。最后,实例模拟中给出了二维、三维复杂层状模型(包括Marmousi模型及含低速夹层)中的多次透射、反射及转换波的追踪计算,验证了ISPM算法的优势,即：解的全局性、数值计算的稳健性、CPU用时的高效性以及算法的准确性等特点。
在上述射线追踪正演算法的基础上本文讨论了全局选择震源初始位置下的矩阵反演求取全局解的问题,通过与两种较流行的定位算法--直接网格搜寻法和八象限分割重要采样法的对比,得出矩阵反演算法是一种行之有效的定位方法。具有定位精度高、计算时间少以及对噪声数据不敏感等特点。其突出的优点是在不增加计算难度和计算时间的前提下,用矩阵反演的方法确保得到全局最小值解,可适用于地震早期预警、海啸早期预警、以及大震速报等实际工作。为了进一步提高定位精度,本文中还使用了后续波震相走时信息。
为了降低地震所带来的灾害,应用地震早期预警系统(EEW)是个最好的选择。因为它可以在剧烈地动前数秒或数十秒的时间里发布预警,用于防震减灾。为此,许多国家投入到地震早期预警及地震应急控制系统的研究中。本文对国际上一些比较流行的地震预警方法进行了阐述,并对地震预警的未来发展进行了展望。
The purpose of this study is to introduce the multistage scheme incorporating with an irregular shortest path method (ISPM) for tracking multiple arrivals composed of any kind of combinations of transmissions, conversions and reflections in complex 2D/3D layered media. The principle is first to divide the layered model into several different computational domains (using irregular cells at the interface and the earth's undulated surface), and then to apply the multistage technique to trace the multiple arrivals. It is possible to realize the multiple arrival tracking with the multistage technique due to the multiple arrivals are the different combinations or conjugations of the simple incident, transmitted and reflected waves via the velocity discontinuities. Benchmark tests against the multistage FMM (fast marching method) and the multistage RSPM are undertaken to assess the solution accuracy and the computational efficiency. The results show that the multistage ISPM method is advantageous over FMM method and RSPM method in both solution accuracy and CPU times.
Based on the above ray tracing algorithm, a new technique of matrix inversion with initial global sampling was developed to seek a global solution. Benchmark tests against two popular approaches - the direct grid search method and the oct-tree important sampling method - indicate that the hybrid global-local inversion is a practical selection for earthquake location procedure in the sense of solution accuracy, computational efficiency and non-sensitivity to noise data. The dominant feature of the new method is that a global solution can be found with matrix inversion without extra computational time and mathematic complexity required. It is a good choice to the earthquake early warning, tsunami early warning and rapid hazard assessment and emergency response after strong eqrthquake occurrence. In order to improve the solution accuracy, we also exploit the information of later arrivals.
For seismic hazard mitigation, the technology of the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) is the best choice. Because it can provide a few seconds to tens of seconds of warning time ahead before the impending ground motions. So, many countries turn to develop earthquake early warning system and earthquake emergency system. In this paper, we introduce the current algorithms used worldwide for EEW systems and discuss its benefits in the future.
在上述射线追踪正演算法的基础上本文讨论了全局选择震源初始位置下的矩阵反演求取全局解的问题,通过与两种较流行的定位算法--直接网格搜寻法和八象限分割重要采样法的对比,得出矩阵反演算法是一种行之有效的定位方法。具有定位精度高、计算时间少以及对噪声数据不敏感等特点。其突出的优点是在不增加计算难度和计算时间的前提下,用矩阵反演的方法确保得到全局最小值解,可适用于地震早期预警、海啸早期预警、以及大震速报等实际工作。为了进一步提高定位精度,本文中还使用了后续波震相走时信息。
为了降低地震所带来的灾害,应用地震早期预警系统(EEW)是个最好的选择。因为它可以在剧烈地动前数秒或数十秒的时间里发布预警,用于防震减灾。为此,许多国家投入到地震早期预警及地震应急控制系统的研究中。本文对国际上一些比较流行的地震预警方法进行了阐述,并对地震预警的未来发展进行了展望。
The purpose of this study is to introduce the multistage scheme incorporating with an irregular shortest path method (ISPM) for tracking multiple arrivals composed of any kind of combinations of transmissions, conversions and reflections in complex 2D/3D layered media. The principle is first to divide the layered model into several different computational domains (using irregular cells at the interface and the earth's undulated surface), and then to apply the multistage technique to trace the multiple arrivals. It is possible to realize the multiple arrival tracking with the multistage technique due to the multiple arrivals are the different combinations or conjugations of the simple incident, transmitted and reflected waves via the velocity discontinuities. Benchmark tests against the multistage FMM (fast marching method) and the multistage RSPM are undertaken to assess the solution accuracy and the computational efficiency. The results show that the multistage ISPM method is advantageous over FMM method and RSPM method in both solution accuracy and CPU times.
Based on the above ray tracing algorithm, a new technique of matrix inversion with initial global sampling was developed to seek a global solution. Benchmark tests against two popular approaches - the direct grid search method and the oct-tree important sampling method - indicate that the hybrid global-local inversion is a practical selection for earthquake location procedure in the sense of solution accuracy, computational efficiency and non-sensitivity to noise data. The dominant feature of the new method is that a global solution can be found with matrix inversion without extra computational time and mathematic complexity required. It is a good choice to the earthquake early warning, tsunami early warning and rapid hazard assessment and emergency response after strong eqrthquake occurrence. In order to improve the solution accuracy, we also exploit the information of later arrivals.
For seismic hazard mitigation, the technology of the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) is the best choice. Because it can provide a few seconds to tens of seconds of warning time ahead before the impending ground motions. So, many countries turn to develop earthquake early warning system and earthquake emergency system. In this paper, we introduce the current algorithms used worldwide for EEW systems and discuss its benefits in the future.
引文
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