金刚石钻头热压烧结工艺研究
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摘要
目前国内外一般都采用粉末冶金法制造金刚石制品,具有工业生产规模的工艺方法有热压法、无压法、冷压法、电镀法、钎焊法、电火花烧结法等。热压法制造金刚石制品所需的压力和温度比无压法和冷压法都要低,因而在生产中获得广泛的应用。
在热压烧结法制造金刚石钻头过程中,胎体粉末的配料和烧结工艺是直接决定金刚石钻头性能的两个关键因素。胎体材料包括材料质量和成分配方,目前国内外对金刚石钻头的研究多集中于胎体配方上,且配方研究已经较为成熟。而对金刚石钻头的烧结工艺研究较少,烧结参数并没有统一的标准或者规定,金刚石钻头的热压烧结工艺都是凭经验,不能在最优烧结工艺下生产,生产出的金刚石钻头其性能也不能达到最佳,而且产品质量不稳定。本文主要对金刚石钻头的烧结工艺(参数)加以研究,最终得出一个金刚石钻头的通用配方下的最优烧结工艺及其变化规律。从而提高金刚石钻头的性能,提高产品质量的稳定性,并降低金刚石钻头的制造成本。
文章主要讨论烧结参数对金刚石钻头性能的影响,烧结参数主要包括烧结温度、保温时间、烧结压力和加压方式四个主要方面。本文详细分析每个参数的变化对钻头性能的影响：先选定一个金刚石钻头的通用配方,以一个参数为变量如温度,其余参数保持不变,装料并烧结一组此参数下的样品,然后用同样的方法得到其余参数下的样品。通过对这些样品的弯曲、拉伸、压缩、硬度的力学性能测试以及断口扫描电镜分析,最终得出此配方下的最优烧结工艺及其变化规律。
At present, diamond products are generally manufactured by powder metallurgy at home and abroad, the technologic methods which are industrial production scale are hot pressing process,non-pressure process, cold pressing process,electroplating process, soldering process, and electric spark sintering process.The pressure and the temperature which the hot pressing process demands for producing diamond products are lower than the non-pressure process and the cold pressing process, so the hot pressing process is widely applied in production.
In the process of manufacturing diamond drill bit with sintering process by hot pressing, matrix powder's ingredients and the sintering technics are two key factors which directly determine the capability of diamond drill bit. Matrix materials include materials'quality and formula. At present, the research of diamond drill bit mostly focus on the matrix's formula at home and abroad, and the research has a more mature formula. While the research of diamond bit's sintering technics is not so much, sintering parameters have no uniform standards or regulations, the sintering technics of diamond bit is from experience, the diamond bit can not be produced under the optimum sintering technics, and the capability of diamond bit with unstable product quality is not the best. The subject of this article is to discuss the sintering technics(parameters) of diamond drill bit and try to explore the best sintering technics and the variation of technics'in a general formula of diamond bit. So we can improve the capability of diamond bit and the stability of product quality, then reduce the cost of manufacturing diamond drill bit finally.
This article mainly discusses the impact of sintering parameters on diamond drill bit, sintering parameters mainly include the sintering temperature, holding time, sintering pressure and the pressing mode as four main aspects.This article detailiy analyzes each parameter's changes's impact on the capability of diamond bit:First, select a general formula of diamond bit, take a parameter as variable, such as the temperature, other parameters remain immovability, load and sinter a set of samples in this parameter; Then in the same way, we get the samples in other parameters.Test and analyze the samples by bending, tension, compression, rigidity, mechanical properties and SEM fracture analysis, we concluded that the optimum sintering technics and the variation of technics'in this formula.
在热压烧结法制造金刚石钻头过程中,胎体粉末的配料和烧结工艺是直接决定金刚石钻头性能的两个关键因素。胎体材料包括材料质量和成分配方,目前国内外对金刚石钻头的研究多集中于胎体配方上,且配方研究已经较为成熟。而对金刚石钻头的烧结工艺研究较少,烧结参数并没有统一的标准或者规定,金刚石钻头的热压烧结工艺都是凭经验,不能在最优烧结工艺下生产,生产出的金刚石钻头其性能也不能达到最佳,而且产品质量不稳定。本文主要对金刚石钻头的烧结工艺(参数)加以研究,最终得出一个金刚石钻头的通用配方下的最优烧结工艺及其变化规律。从而提高金刚石钻头的性能,提高产品质量的稳定性,并降低金刚石钻头的制造成本。
文章主要讨论烧结参数对金刚石钻头性能的影响,烧结参数主要包括烧结温度、保温时间、烧结压力和加压方式四个主要方面。本文详细分析每个参数的变化对钻头性能的影响：先选定一个金刚石钻头的通用配方,以一个参数为变量如温度,其余参数保持不变,装料并烧结一组此参数下的样品,然后用同样的方法得到其余参数下的样品。通过对这些样品的弯曲、拉伸、压缩、硬度的力学性能测试以及断口扫描电镜分析,最终得出此配方下的最优烧结工艺及其变化规律。
At present, diamond products are generally manufactured by powder metallurgy at home and abroad, the technologic methods which are industrial production scale are hot pressing process,non-pressure process, cold pressing process,electroplating process, soldering process, and electric spark sintering process.The pressure and the temperature which the hot pressing process demands for producing diamond products are lower than the non-pressure process and the cold pressing process, so the hot pressing process is widely applied in production.
In the process of manufacturing diamond drill bit with sintering process by hot pressing, matrix powder's ingredients and the sintering technics are two key factors which directly determine the capability of diamond drill bit. Matrix materials include materials'quality and formula. At present, the research of diamond drill bit mostly focus on the matrix's formula at home and abroad, and the research has a more mature formula. While the research of diamond bit's sintering technics is not so much, sintering parameters have no uniform standards or regulations, the sintering technics of diamond bit is from experience, the diamond bit can not be produced under the optimum sintering technics, and the capability of diamond bit with unstable product quality is not the best. The subject of this article is to discuss the sintering technics(parameters) of diamond drill bit and try to explore the best sintering technics and the variation of technics'in a general formula of diamond bit. So we can improve the capability of diamond bit and the stability of product quality, then reduce the cost of manufacturing diamond drill bit finally.
This article mainly discusses the impact of sintering parameters on diamond drill bit, sintering parameters mainly include the sintering temperature, holding time, sintering pressure and the pressing mode as four main aspects.This article detailiy analyzes each parameter's changes's impact on the capability of diamond bit:First, select a general formula of diamond bit, take a parameter as variable, such as the temperature, other parameters remain immovability, load and sinter a set of samples in this parameter; Then in the same way, we get the samples in other parameters.Test and analyze the samples by bending, tension, compression, rigidity, mechanical properties and SEM fracture analysis, we concluded that the optimum sintering technics and the variation of technics'in this formula.
引文
[1]刘广志主编.金刚石钻探手册.北京：地质出版社,1991.217-220,99
[2]黄辉等.2000年世界金刚石科学技术大会论文简介—超硬材料在航空领域的应用.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001：23-25
[3]张一飞等.2000年世界金刚石科学技术大会论文简介—超硬材料在采矿、钻探、光学及材料领域的应用.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,5：45-46
[4]李亨德,张弘韬.花岗岩锯切工艺的优化.磨料磨具与磨削,1995,6：2-5
[5]J. E. Field. The Properties of Diamond,1979.4～7
[6]吕智等.我国超硬材料产业的发展现状及对策.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,1：47-50
[7]杨俊德.金刚石钻头和金刚石锯片磨损机理、设计及性能测试研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[8]黄培云主编.粉末冶金原理.北京：冶金工业出版社,2004.265-267
[9]G. G. Goetzel.Treatise on Powder Metallurgy V.1.Interscience,1949:76
[10]F. Thummler et al.Metals & Materials and Met.Rev,1967.69-108
[11]W. H. Sutton. Fiber Composite Materials,ASM,1965.173～175
[12]D. A. J. Miller. Rrans.ASM,1954, V,46.1544
[13]R. P. H. Flemting. P/M SEMP5,1978,1.210
[14]张绍和.金刚石钻头设计与制造新理论新技术.武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2001.78-79
[15]杨晓枫,陈亦工等.金刚石制品热压烧结设备的研制及发展.第八届全国超硬材料与制品研讨会,2000.36-39
[16]张绍和主编.金刚石与金刚石工具.长沙：中南大学出版社,2005.70-95,294
[17]罗伟重.人造金刚石及金刚石钻头.探矿工程,1985：5
[18]鲁凡.孕镶金刚石钻头性能变化规律及机理.超硬材料与工程,2000,3：14-17
[19]袁公昱主编.人造金刚石合成与金刚石工具制造.长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1992.143,197-198
[20]Fendier J H. Phys Chem.1985,89:2730-2735
[21]Gleiter H. Marquardt P Z. Metall.1984,75:263-267
[22]赵斌,刘志杰等.金属超细粉末体制备方法法的概述.金属矿山,1999,4：30-34
[23]姜荣超,陶洪亮,尹育航.进一步提高我国金刚石工具质量的有效途径.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,4：17-20
[24]S.Burckhardt.New technigue for granulating diamond and metal powders.Industrial diamond review.1997,(4):121-122
[25]卢寿慈主编.粉体加工技术.北京：中国轻工业出版社,1999,312-332
[26]K. Kondoh. Y. Takeda. Effect of granulating condition on characteristicsofwet guanulated aluminium alloy powder. Powder Metallurgy.2000.43(1):63-68
[27]Randall M. German.Powder Metallurgy Science, Second edition, Metal Powder Industries Federation,1994,157～186
[28]Werner Schatt,Klaus-Peter Wieters.Powder Metallurgy, Processing and Materials.European Powder Metallurgy Association,1997,61-65
[29]Gerhard Weber. Machinery. Technology, Metal Powder, Service.Dr.Fritsch Co.Gemany,2000
[30]陈章文.适合金川矿区的特种孕镶金刚石钻头研制：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2008
[31]屠厚泽.在孕镶钻头中增大金刚石与胎体金刚石粘结力.探矿工程,1985,4：13-15
[32]鲁凡.混装金刚石工作原理及高性能制品设计.工业金刚石,2000,5：13-17
[33]鲁凡.提高金刚石包镶强度的讨论.工业金刚石,2002,5：1-5
[34]章兼植.孕镶工具金刚石的失效机理.工业金刚石,2000,5：31-35
[35]张鹰.金刚石制品金属结合剂配方设计探讨.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2000,116(2)：9-11
[36]孙毓超,宋月清等.金刚石工具制造理论与实践.郑州：郑州大学出版社,2005.2-8
[37]孙毓超.对结合剂中铜的再认识.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,(2)：14-19
[38]孙毓超,宋月清.对结合剂中钴的再认识.人工晶体学报,2002,6(31)：609-615
[39]Umion N V,Miniere S A. Patent.WO.1997,97/21844
[40]孙毓超等.金刚石工具与金属学基础.北京：中国建材工业出版社,1999.109-110
[41]左宏森,徐坚,王春华.硬质材料在金刚石工具胎体中的应用.金刚石与磨 料磨具工程,2005,147(3)：42-44
[42]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB／T 10424-2002.烧结金属摩擦材料抗压强度的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,2002
[43]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB／T 10423-2002.烧结金属摩擦材料抗拉强度的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,2002
[44]中华人民共和国国家质量技术监督局.GB／T 232-1999.金属材料弯曲试验方法.北京：中国标准出版社,1999
[45]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB／T 230.1-2004.金属络氏硬度试验.北京：中国标准出版社,2004
[46]冶金工业研究院,北京钢铁厂,齐齐哈尔钢铁厂合编.合金钢断口分析金相图谱.北京：科学出版社,1979.1-8
[47]元曾笃.金刚石的耐热性.工业金刚石,2001,1：14-15
[48]刘硅等.铁基金刚石锯片的热压烧结机理初探.硬质合金,1999,1：8-11
[49]李晓苗.热压温度确定原则及低温活化烧结.地质勘探,1999,35(1)：57-59
[50]郑玉琢.温度和加热时间对金刚石性能的影响.金刚石制品与石材加工信息通报,1994,3：15-17
[51]唐存印.金刚石制品生产中工艺参数的计量.石材,2001,8：27-32
[52]宋正芳.碳石墨制品的性能及其应用.北京：机械工业出版社,1987.238-241
[53]赵永赞等.工艺参数对金刚石工具性能的影响.沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1996,12(1)：66-71
[2]黄辉等.2000年世界金刚石科学技术大会论文简介—超硬材料在航空领域的应用.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001：23-25
[3]张一飞等.2000年世界金刚石科学技术大会论文简介—超硬材料在采矿、钻探、光学及材料领域的应用.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,5：45-46
[4]李亨德,张弘韬.花岗岩锯切工艺的优化.磨料磨具与磨削,1995,6：2-5
[5]J. E. Field. The Properties of Diamond,1979.4～7
[6]吕智等.我国超硬材料产业的发展现状及对策.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,1：47-50
[7]杨俊德.金刚石钻头和金刚石锯片磨损机理、设计及性能测试研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[8]黄培云主编.粉末冶金原理.北京：冶金工业出版社,2004.265-267
[9]G. G. Goetzel.Treatise on Powder Metallurgy V.1.Interscience,1949:76
[10]F. Thummler et al.Metals & Materials and Met.Rev,1967.69-108
[11]W. H. Sutton. Fiber Composite Materials,ASM,1965.173～175
[12]D. A. J. Miller. Rrans.ASM,1954, V,46.1544
[13]R. P. H. Flemting. P/M SEMP5,1978,1.210
[14]张绍和.金刚石钻头设计与制造新理论新技术.武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2001.78-79
[15]杨晓枫,陈亦工等.金刚石制品热压烧结设备的研制及发展.第八届全国超硬材料与制品研讨会,2000.36-39
[16]张绍和主编.金刚石与金刚石工具.长沙：中南大学出版社,2005.70-95,294
[17]罗伟重.人造金刚石及金刚石钻头.探矿工程,1985：5
[18]鲁凡.孕镶金刚石钻头性能变化规律及机理.超硬材料与工程,2000,3：14-17
[19]袁公昱主编.人造金刚石合成与金刚石工具制造.长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1992.143,197-198
[20]Fendier J H. Phys Chem.1985,89:2730-2735
[21]Gleiter H. Marquardt P Z. Metall.1984,75:263-267
[22]赵斌,刘志杰等.金属超细粉末体制备方法法的概述.金属矿山,1999,4：30-34
[23]姜荣超,陶洪亮,尹育航.进一步提高我国金刚石工具质量的有效途径.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,4：17-20
[24]S.Burckhardt.New technigue for granulating diamond and metal powders.Industrial diamond review.1997,(4):121-122
[25]卢寿慈主编.粉体加工技术.北京：中国轻工业出版社,1999,312-332
[26]K. Kondoh. Y. Takeda. Effect of granulating condition on characteristicsofwet guanulated aluminium alloy powder. Powder Metallurgy.2000.43(1):63-68
[27]Randall M. German.Powder Metallurgy Science, Second edition, Metal Powder Industries Federation,1994,157～186
[28]Werner Schatt,Klaus-Peter Wieters.Powder Metallurgy, Processing and Materials.European Powder Metallurgy Association,1997,61-65
[29]Gerhard Weber. Machinery. Technology, Metal Powder, Service.Dr.Fritsch Co.Gemany,2000
[30]陈章文.适合金川矿区的特种孕镶金刚石钻头研制：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2008
[31]屠厚泽.在孕镶钻头中增大金刚石与胎体金刚石粘结力.探矿工程,1985,4：13-15
[32]鲁凡.混装金刚石工作原理及高性能制品设计.工业金刚石,2000,5：13-17
[33]鲁凡.提高金刚石包镶强度的讨论.工业金刚石,2002,5：1-5
[34]章兼植.孕镶工具金刚石的失效机理.工业金刚石,2000,5：31-35
[35]张鹰.金刚石制品金属结合剂配方设计探讨.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2000,116(2)：9-11
[36]孙毓超,宋月清等.金刚石工具制造理论与实践.郑州：郑州大学出版社,2005.2-8
[37]孙毓超.对结合剂中铜的再认识.金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2001,(2)：14-19
[38]孙毓超,宋月清.对结合剂中钴的再认识.人工晶体学报,2002,6(31)：609-615
[39]Umion N V,Miniere S A. Patent.WO.1997,97/21844
[40]孙毓超等.金刚石工具与金属学基础.北京：中国建材工业出版社,1999.109-110
[41]左宏森,徐坚,王春华.硬质材料在金刚石工具胎体中的应用.金刚石与磨 料磨具工程,2005,147(3)：42-44
[42]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB／T 10424-2002.烧结金属摩擦材料抗压强度的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,2002
[43]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB／T 10423-2002.烧结金属摩擦材料抗拉强度的测定.北京：中国标准出版社,2002
[44]中华人民共和国国家质量技术监督局.GB／T 232-1999.金属材料弯曲试验方法.北京：中国标准出版社,1999
[45]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB／T 230.1-2004.金属络氏硬度试验.北京：中国标准出版社,2004
[46]冶金工业研究院,北京钢铁厂,齐齐哈尔钢铁厂合编.合金钢断口分析金相图谱.北京：科学出版社,1979.1-8
[47]元曾笃.金刚石的耐热性.工业金刚石,2001,1：14-15
[48]刘硅等.铁基金刚石锯片的热压烧结机理初探.硬质合金,1999,1：8-11
[49]李晓苗.热压温度确定原则及低温活化烧结.地质勘探,1999,35(1)：57-59
[50]郑玉琢.温度和加热时间对金刚石性能的影响.金刚石制品与石材加工信息通报,1994,3：15-17
[51]唐存印.金刚石制品生产中工艺参数的计量.石材,2001,8：27-32
[52]宋正芳.碳石墨制品的性能及其应用.北京：机械工业出版社,1987.238-241
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