序批式生物膜—颗粒污泥系统同步脱氮除磷研究
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摘要
水是生命中不可缺少的要素之一。我国工农业生产快速发展、城市化进程逐步加快、人民生活水平不断提高,与此同时用水量和污水排放量也急剧增加。由于缺乏有效的污水处理和合理的水资源管理,导致我国大部分水域水质恶化,水生生态系统受到严重破坏,水污染问题日趋突出。目前,水资源缺乏和不合理利用问题日益严重,反过来又成为我国社会经济发展的制约因素,由此可见,我国水污染形势严峻,污水处理任务十分繁重。生活污水的排放逐渐增大,成为最大的水污染问题,其富含的氮,磷等营养物质要从水体中排除,就必须依靠污水的深度处理。研究和开发更节能,更高效的脱氮除磷新工艺是当前该领域的重点和难点。
本研究针对现有的生物脱氮除磷工艺中构架组合繁多、能耗高、不易操作,体系内微生物间基质竞争激烈,泥龄长短不一,难以同时实现较高的脱氮除磷效率,出水水质较差的现象提出了新的工艺组合方式,结合了序批式运行模式,悬浮生物膜载体和颗粒污泥等优势方法,自行设计出IBGS-SBR同步脱氮除磷反应器。
试验结果表明：采取较高温度和较低溶解氧的控制方式,能够快速实现亚硝的累积,并且COD、氨氮的去除率分别在88.1-92.7%和95.0-96.1%之间；实时控制,即利用活性污泥运行中DO和pH变化的规律性来反映生物脱氮的进程是维持稳定的亚硝化型硝化反应的关键；在固定供氧模式下,稳定的短程会在40个周期内迅速转化为全程。确定了在人工强化的挂膜方式下,ZH新型高效生物硝化菌填料为今后IBGS-SBR系统的最优填料。通过试验配水的调整,实现了聚磷菌的富集,并通过增加好氧时间和减少排水前沉降时间完成了其颗粒化过程。通过厌氧-缺氧-好氧和厌氧-缺氧两阶段的驯化,使体系中反硝化聚磷菌不断富集,最终成为优势菌种。
在完成前期准备的各项工作后,对自行设计的反应器进行了阶段性调试,试验数据证明：从整体的工艺操作、反应时间、能量消耗等方面上部好氧,下部缺氧的运行方式具有显著优势,在对生活污水中营养物的去除方面较先厌氧后好氧,最后整体缺氧的运行方式相比也有一定的优势,氨氮的去除率达到83.4%-98.7%,磷的去除率为75.0%-86.7%。根据实际运行中出现的问题,及时对反应器进行调整,使IBGS-SBR系统达到更好的同步脱氮除磷效果。
Water is an indispensable element of life. With the rapid development of China's industrial and agricultural production, gradual speeding-up process of urbanization and people's living standards, water and sewage emissions have increased dramatically. Lacking of effective sewage treatment and rational water resources management, resulting in deterioration of China's most water quality, even aquatic ecosystems had been deteriorated, and water pollution problems have become more prominent. At present, water shortage and irrational usage, in turn, have become socio-economic development constraints. To exclude nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients from domestic sewage, we must rely on advanced treatment of sewage, explore more efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal which is the current focus and difficult in the field of new technology.
The disadvantages of existing simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology include numerous structure combinations, high energy consumption, difficulty in operation, the substrate competition between microorganisms, sludge age of different lengths, which make it difficult to achieve high efficiency in simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The study designed a IBGS-SBR simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal system, at the advantages of sequencing batch operation mode, floating suspended carrier and granular sludge.
The results showed that:in use of higher temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen control, the system could quickly realize high nitrite accumulation, and COD, ammonia nitrogen removal rates stayed between 88.1-92.7% and 95.0-96.1%; real-time control, namely the use of DO and pH regular changes in activated sludge operation to reflect the biological process of nitrification played a profound role in maintaining short-cut nitrification; due to oxygen supply in fixed mode, the stable short-cut nitrification changed into complete nitrification in only 40 cycles. In the artificial membrane mode, ZH new efficient suspended carrier of nitrification bacteria would be the best stuffing for IBGS-SBR system. Through the adjustment of water distribution, the research achieved a phosphorus accumulating enrichment, and completed the granular process., so that The system of denitrifying phosphorus bacteria were enriched and became dominant strain in two stages of anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic and anaerobic-oxygen.
After all preparation work, the IBGS-SBR reactor designed to install and readjust. The results showed that the operating mode (upper aerobic and bottom anoxic) has a significant advantage at the overall process operation, reaction time and energy. Compared with the anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic operating mode, it still occupied a slight advantage, with the ammonia nitrogen removal rates of 83.4%-98.7%, and that of phosphorus 75.0%-86.7%. Faced with actual operation of the problems, some adjustments put into practice in time would help to achieve a better simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
本研究针对现有的生物脱氮除磷工艺中构架组合繁多、能耗高、不易操作,体系内微生物间基质竞争激烈,泥龄长短不一,难以同时实现较高的脱氮除磷效率,出水水质较差的现象提出了新的工艺组合方式,结合了序批式运行模式,悬浮生物膜载体和颗粒污泥等优势方法,自行设计出IBGS-SBR同步脱氮除磷反应器。
试验结果表明：采取较高温度和较低溶解氧的控制方式,能够快速实现亚硝的累积,并且COD、氨氮的去除率分别在88.1-92.7%和95.0-96.1%之间；实时控制,即利用活性污泥运行中DO和pH变化的规律性来反映生物脱氮的进程是维持稳定的亚硝化型硝化反应的关键；在固定供氧模式下,稳定的短程会在40个周期内迅速转化为全程。确定了在人工强化的挂膜方式下,ZH新型高效生物硝化菌填料为今后IBGS-SBR系统的最优填料。通过试验配水的调整,实现了聚磷菌的富集,并通过增加好氧时间和减少排水前沉降时间完成了其颗粒化过程。通过厌氧-缺氧-好氧和厌氧-缺氧两阶段的驯化,使体系中反硝化聚磷菌不断富集,最终成为优势菌种。
在完成前期准备的各项工作后,对自行设计的反应器进行了阶段性调试,试验数据证明：从整体的工艺操作、反应时间、能量消耗等方面上部好氧,下部缺氧的运行方式具有显著优势,在对生活污水中营养物的去除方面较先厌氧后好氧,最后整体缺氧的运行方式相比也有一定的优势,氨氮的去除率达到83.4%-98.7%,磷的去除率为75.0%-86.7%。根据实际运行中出现的问题,及时对反应器进行调整,使IBGS-SBR系统达到更好的同步脱氮除磷效果。
Water is an indispensable element of life. With the rapid development of China's industrial and agricultural production, gradual speeding-up process of urbanization and people's living standards, water and sewage emissions have increased dramatically. Lacking of effective sewage treatment and rational water resources management, resulting in deterioration of China's most water quality, even aquatic ecosystems had been deteriorated, and water pollution problems have become more prominent. At present, water shortage and irrational usage, in turn, have become socio-economic development constraints. To exclude nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients from domestic sewage, we must rely on advanced treatment of sewage, explore more efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal which is the current focus and difficult in the field of new technology.
The disadvantages of existing simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology include numerous structure combinations, high energy consumption, difficulty in operation, the substrate competition between microorganisms, sludge age of different lengths, which make it difficult to achieve high efficiency in simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The study designed a IBGS-SBR simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal system, at the advantages of sequencing batch operation mode, floating suspended carrier and granular sludge.
The results showed that:in use of higher temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen control, the system could quickly realize high nitrite accumulation, and COD, ammonia nitrogen removal rates stayed between 88.1-92.7% and 95.0-96.1%; real-time control, namely the use of DO and pH regular changes in activated sludge operation to reflect the biological process of nitrification played a profound role in maintaining short-cut nitrification; due to oxygen supply in fixed mode, the stable short-cut nitrification changed into complete nitrification in only 40 cycles. In the artificial membrane mode, ZH new efficient suspended carrier of nitrification bacteria would be the best stuffing for IBGS-SBR system. Through the adjustment of water distribution, the research achieved a phosphorus accumulating enrichment, and completed the granular process., so that The system of denitrifying phosphorus bacteria were enriched and became dominant strain in two stages of anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic and anaerobic-oxygen.
After all preparation work, the IBGS-SBR reactor designed to install and readjust. The results showed that the operating mode (upper aerobic and bottom anoxic) has a significant advantage at the overall process operation, reaction time and energy. Compared with the anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic operating mode, it still occupied a slight advantage, with the ammonia nitrogen removal rates of 83.4%-98.7%, and that of phosphorus 75.0%-86.7%. Faced with actual operation of the problems, some adjustments put into practice in time would help to achieve a better simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
引文
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[3]王荣斌,李军,张宁,宋玮华,何恒.海污水生物除磷技术研究进展.环境工程,2007,25(1)：84-88.
[4]吴昊.序批式移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水的试验研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2008,18-15.
[5]李亚新.活性污泥法理论与技术.北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2007,419-460.
[6]黄荣新,李冬,张杰,李相昆,姜安玺,马立,鲍林林.电子受体亚硝酸氮在反硝化除磷过程中的作用.环境科学学报.2007,27：1141-1144.
[7]Kuba T, Smolders G, Van Loosdrecht M, et al. Biological phosphorus removal from wastewater by anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor. Water Sci.Tech.,1993,27(5-6):241-252.
[8]罗宁,罗固源.从细菌的生化特性看生物脱氮与生物除磷的关系.重庆环境科学,2003,5：33-36.
[9]Meinhold J, Filipe C, Heijnen J. Characterization of the denitrifying fraction of phosphate accumulating organisms in biological phosphate removal process. Water Sci.Tech.,1999,39(1):31-42.
[10]Mino T, Van Loosdrecht M, Heijnen J. Microbiology and biochemistry of the enhanced biological phosphate removal process. Water Res.,1998,32(11):3193-3207.
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