直流激发极化接收机研制
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摘要
电法勘测是根据地壳中各类岩石或矿体的电磁学性质(如导电性、导磁性、介电性)和电化学特性的差异,通过对人工或天然电场、电磁场或电化学场的空间分布规律和时间特性的观测和研究,寻找不同类型有用矿床和查明地质构造及解决地质问题的地球物理勘探方法。主要用于寻找金属、非金属矿床、勘查地下水资源和能源、解决某些工程地质及深部地质问题。激发极化法是以不同岩石、矿石激电效应的差异为物质基础,通过研究观察大地激电效应来探查地下地质情况的一种分支电法,在勘测中发挥着重要作用。激发极化法的应用范围已日益广泛,除寻找铜矿床外,在找铁(山西式铁矿、沉积型锰铁矿,镜铁矽)、找煤(小而浅的煤矿,煤矿外围的隐伏、半隐伏煤田)、找铅锌矿,在超基性岩区找镍铬矿和找金矿等都取得了—定的地质效果。在国外,激发极化法在矿产普查勘探中发挥了重要作用,找到了一些大型低品位的硫化矿体(其他物探方法是难以奏效的)。在激发极化勘探中,大功率发射机和高灵敏度接收机,后端数据处理单元构成激发极化的基本单元。本论文主要的研究对象是高灵敏接收装置使得接受装置向轻便、自动,记忆、多参数测量方向发展。
基于以上背景,论文通过研究、分析国内外激电法技术和激电法仪器的发展及现状,提出了直流激发极化接收机研制这一课题。本课题的主要目标是以德州仪器(TI)公司的基于Cortex-M3核的ARM LM3S9B92作为主控器件、采用SD(Secure Digital)卡作为数据存储单元,可以按照文件方式长时间存储数据方便管理;USB作为数据传输单元,比传统的RS232通信更方便;抗干扰方面主要采用50HZ陷波器、开关电容滤波器、数字滤波技术等相结合的方式,提高系统抗干扰能力;数据采集采用24位高精度AD转换器,提高测量精度;信号条理单元采用可编程放大器单元、自然电位补偿单元、边沿检测单元,这对增加测试范围和设备对测量环境最大限度的适应提供了可靠保证。通过测量发射机激发地质导体所产生的电压信号计算出视极化率,为数据处理单元提供所需的数据。
本论文主要完成的工作有:第一、根据激发极化法的基本原理和特性,对接收机系统进行设计。完成系统原理图、PCB设计和焊接调试工作;第二、完成对各模块的调试工作和基本驱动程序编写;第三、完成极化率计算方法研究以及软件编写。最后完成设备整体调试,达到预期设计目的。
Electrical survey is based on various types of crustal rocks or ore bodies in the electromagnetic properties of (such as conductivity, permeability, dielectric) and electrochemical properties of the difference, by artificial or natural electric field, electromagnetic field or electrochemical field in space distribution and time characteristics of the observation and research to find different types of deposits and the identification of a useful geological and geophysical exploration to solve geological problems approach. Used to find metals, non-metallic deposits, exploration of groundwater resources and energy to solve some of the engineering geology and deep geological problems. Polarization method is different rocks, minerals IP effect of the difference of material, by means of observation of the earth to probe IP effect a branch of geology underground electrical, in playing an important role in the investigation. The application of induced polarization method has become increasingly widespread, in addition to looking for copper deposits outside, looking for iron (Shanxi-style iron ore, manganese ore deposit types, iron silicon mirror), looking for coal (coal mines small and shallow, buried coal mine outside , semi-concealed coal field), looking for lead-zinc in ultrabasic rocks to find nickel-chromium ore and gold are all looking to achieve - the set of geological effects. Overseas, the induced polarization survey in the mineral exploration and play an important role, and found some large low-grade sulfide ore body (other geophysical methods is difficult to work in). Exploration in the polarization, high power transmitters and high-sensitivity receiver, back-end data processing unit constitutes the basic unit of polarization. The study of this thesis is highly sensitive receiver made it possible for devices to portable, automatic, memory, multi-parameter measurement direction.
Based on the above background, the paper, through research, analysis of domestic and international IP law and IP law instrument technology development and present situation of the development of DC polarization receiver this topic. The main objective of this subject is Texas Instruments (TI)'s Cortex-M3 core-based ARM LM3S9B92 as a master device, using SD (Secure Digital) card as a data storage unit that can store data in accordance with the papers a long time to facilitate management; USB as a data transmission unit, than the traditional RS232 communication easier; anti-disturbance mainly 50HZ notch filter, switched capacitor filters, digital filter technology combination to improve anti-jamming capability; data collection using 24-bit high accuracy AD converter, to improve the measurement accuracy; signal conditioning unit with a programmable amplifier unit, the natural potential compensation unit, edge detection unit, which increase the range and test equipment to meet the maximum measurement environment provides a reliable guarantee. Geological conductors by measuring the transmitter excitation signal generated by the voltage calculated as the polarizabilities for the data processing unit to provide the necessary data.
In this thesis, the completion of the work: First, according to the basic principles of induced polarization method and the characteristics of the receiver system design. Complete system schematic, PCB design and welded debugging; second, the completion of commissioning of each module and the basic driver programming; the third to complete the calculation of susceptibility as well as software preparation. Finalize the overall debugging equipment to achieve the object of design.
基于以上背景,论文通过研究、分析国内外激电法技术和激电法仪器的发展及现状,提出了直流激发极化接收机研制这一课题。本课题的主要目标是以德州仪器(TI)公司的基于Cortex-M3核的ARM LM3S9B92作为主控器件、采用SD(Secure Digital)卡作为数据存储单元,可以按照文件方式长时间存储数据方便管理;USB作为数据传输单元,比传统的RS232通信更方便;抗干扰方面主要采用50HZ陷波器、开关电容滤波器、数字滤波技术等相结合的方式,提高系统抗干扰能力;数据采集采用24位高精度AD转换器,提高测量精度;信号条理单元采用可编程放大器单元、自然电位补偿单元、边沿检测单元,这对增加测试范围和设备对测量环境最大限度的适应提供了可靠保证。通过测量发射机激发地质导体所产生的电压信号计算出视极化率,为数据处理单元提供所需的数据。
本论文主要完成的工作有:第一、根据激发极化法的基本原理和特性,对接收机系统进行设计。完成系统原理图、PCB设计和焊接调试工作;第二、完成对各模块的调试工作和基本驱动程序编写;第三、完成极化率计算方法研究以及软件编写。最后完成设备整体调试,达到预期设计目的。
Electrical survey is based on various types of crustal rocks or ore bodies in the electromagnetic properties of (such as conductivity, permeability, dielectric) and electrochemical properties of the difference, by artificial or natural electric field, electromagnetic field or electrochemical field in space distribution and time characteristics of the observation and research to find different types of deposits and the identification of a useful geological and geophysical exploration to solve geological problems approach. Used to find metals, non-metallic deposits, exploration of groundwater resources and energy to solve some of the engineering geology and deep geological problems. Polarization method is different rocks, minerals IP effect of the difference of material, by means of observation of the earth to probe IP effect a branch of geology underground electrical, in playing an important role in the investigation. The application of induced polarization method has become increasingly widespread, in addition to looking for copper deposits outside, looking for iron (Shanxi-style iron ore, manganese ore deposit types, iron silicon mirror), looking for coal (coal mines small and shallow, buried coal mine outside , semi-concealed coal field), looking for lead-zinc in ultrabasic rocks to find nickel-chromium ore and gold are all looking to achieve - the set of geological effects. Overseas, the induced polarization survey in the mineral exploration and play an important role, and found some large low-grade sulfide ore body (other geophysical methods is difficult to work in). Exploration in the polarization, high power transmitters and high-sensitivity receiver, back-end data processing unit constitutes the basic unit of polarization. The study of this thesis is highly sensitive receiver made it possible for devices to portable, automatic, memory, multi-parameter measurement direction.
Based on the above background, the paper, through research, analysis of domestic and international IP law and IP law instrument technology development and present situation of the development of DC polarization receiver this topic. The main objective of this subject is Texas Instruments (TI)'s Cortex-M3 core-based ARM LM3S9B92 as a master device, using SD (Secure Digital) card as a data storage unit that can store data in accordance with the papers a long time to facilitate management; USB as a data transmission unit, than the traditional RS232 communication easier; anti-disturbance mainly 50HZ notch filter, switched capacitor filters, digital filter technology combination to improve anti-jamming capability; data collection using 24-bit high accuracy AD converter, to improve the measurement accuracy; signal conditioning unit with a programmable amplifier unit, the natural potential compensation unit, edge detection unit, which increase the range and test equipment to meet the maximum measurement environment provides a reliable guarantee. Geological conductors by measuring the transmitter excitation signal generated by the voltage calculated as the polarizabilities for the data processing unit to provide the necessary data.
In this thesis, the completion of the work: First, according to the basic principles of induced polarization method and the characteristics of the receiver system design. Complete system schematic, PCB design and welded debugging; second, the completion of commissioning of each module and the basic driver programming; the third to complete the calculation of susceptibility as well as software preparation. Finalize the overall debugging equipment to achieve the object of design.
引文
[1]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005
[2]傅良魁.激发极化法.北京:地质出版社,1982
[3]傅良魁.电法勘探教程.北京:地址出版社,1983
[4]李金铭.激发极化法方法技术指南.北京:地质出版社,2004
[5]李正文,贺振华.勘查技术工程学.北京:地质出版社,2003
[6]周润景,景晓松,任冠中.PADS2007高速电路板设计与仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[7]赵光.Allegro SPB 16高速电路板设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2009
[8]段九州.信号传输与通信电路.北京:中国计量出版社,2008
[9]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[10]阎石.数字电子技术基础(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[11]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[12]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(二).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006
[13]谭浩强.C语言程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.38--67.
[14](日)马场清太郎著.何希才译.运算放大器应用电路设计.北京:科学出版社,2007
[15](日)内山明治,村野靖著.陈镜超译.王汝君校.运算放大器电路.北京:科学出版社,2009
[16](加)维格特(Vegte,J. V.)著.候正信,王安国等译.数字信号处理基础.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[17]范春辉,何广平.DAC7714和中文液晶模块与单片机的接口设计.《仪器与仪表》,2005
[18]邢海霞,王新风.嵌入式测控系统中数字滤波算法的实现.电子元器件应用.2009
[19]乔宝强.时间域谱激电仪的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2006
[20]孙衍山.微波无损检测成像系统设计及改进研究. [硕士学位论文].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007
[21]张丹杰.新型激电侦测系统的电路设计. [硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
[22] LM3S9B92 Datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated.2010
[23] AD7712 Datasheet. Analog Devices.2004
[24] DAC7714 Datasheet.Texas Instruments.2000
[25] INA114 Datasheet.Texas Instruments.1992
[26] LM193, LM293, LM293A,LM393, LM393A, LM2903, LM2903V DUAL DIFFERENTIAL COMPARATORS. Texas Instruments.2010
[27] MXT050型50 Hz陷波器模块.陕西航晶微电子有限责任公司.2007
[28] PGA204,PGA205. Texas Instruments.1993
[29] Monhan Prasant Kumar Atluri. Development of an Algorithm for estimating travel time in urban network using GPS equipped vehicles:[Thesis for Master Degree].Austin:The university of Texas, 2004.
[30] K. Duckworth. A method for conducting Induced Polarization surveys are inherently free of electromagnetic coupling effects. SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts, 2000
[31] Partha S.Routh, Douglas W. denburg. Complex conductivity inversion from EM coupling contaminated frequency domain IP data. SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts, 2000
[32] Partha Sarathi Routh. Electromagnetic coupling in frequentcy domain induced polarization data. [A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy]. Vancouver:The University of British Columbia, 1999
[33] Ken Yoshioka. Development of fast methods of multitransmitter EM data inverseon for mineral exploration. [A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy]. Salt Lake City:The University of Utah,2004
[34] Jason A. Cole. Global Positioning System Accuracy Under Varying Forest Canopy Conditions. [A thesis for Master Degree]. State University of New York.2004.
[35]SAE. Electromagnetic Susceptibility Measurment Procedures for Vehicle Components-SAE J1113,1987
[36] Agrawal, Jai P. Power Electronic System Theory And Design. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,2001
[2]傅良魁.激发极化法.北京:地质出版社,1982
[3]傅良魁.电法勘探教程.北京:地址出版社,1983
[4]李金铭.激发极化法方法技术指南.北京:地质出版社,2004
[5]李正文,贺振华.勘查技术工程学.北京:地质出版社,2003
[6]周润景,景晓松,任冠中.PADS2007高速电路板设计与仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[7]赵光.Allegro SPB 16高速电路板设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2009
[8]段九州.信号传输与通信电路.北京:中国计量出版社,2008
[9]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[10]阎石.数字电子技术基础(第四版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[11]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[12]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(二).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006
[13]谭浩强.C语言程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.38--67.
[14](日)马场清太郎著.何希才译.运算放大器应用电路设计.北京:科学出版社,2007
[15](日)内山明治,村野靖著.陈镜超译.王汝君校.运算放大器电路.北京:科学出版社,2009
[16](加)维格特(Vegte,J. V.)著.候正信,王安国等译.数字信号处理基础.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[17]范春辉,何广平.DAC7714和中文液晶模块与单片机的接口设计.《仪器与仪表》,2005
[18]邢海霞,王新风.嵌入式测控系统中数字滤波算法的实现.电子元器件应用.2009
[19]乔宝强.时间域谱激电仪的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2006
[20]孙衍山.微波无损检测成像系统设计及改进研究. [硕士学位论文].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007
[21]张丹杰.新型激电侦测系统的电路设计. [硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2009
[22] LM3S9B92 Datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated.2010
[23] AD7712 Datasheet. Analog Devices.2004
[24] DAC7714 Datasheet.Texas Instruments.2000
[25] INA114 Datasheet.Texas Instruments.1992
[26] LM193, LM293, LM293A,LM393, LM393A, LM2903, LM2903V DUAL DIFFERENTIAL COMPARATORS. Texas Instruments.2010
[27] MXT050型50 Hz陷波器模块.陕西航晶微电子有限责任公司.2007
[28] PGA204,PGA205. Texas Instruments.1993
[29] Monhan Prasant Kumar Atluri. Development of an Algorithm for estimating travel time in urban network using GPS equipped vehicles:[Thesis for Master Degree].Austin:The university of Texas, 2004.
[30] K. Duckworth. A method for conducting Induced Polarization surveys are inherently free of electromagnetic coupling effects. SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts, 2000
[31] Partha S.Routh, Douglas W. denburg. Complex conductivity inversion from EM coupling contaminated frequency domain IP data. SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts, 2000
[32] Partha Sarathi Routh. Electromagnetic coupling in frequentcy domain induced polarization data. [A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy]. Vancouver:The University of British Columbia, 1999
[33] Ken Yoshioka. Development of fast methods of multitransmitter EM data inverseon for mineral exploration. [A dissertation for the degree of Doctor of philosophy]. Salt Lake City:The University of Utah,2004
[34] Jason A. Cole. Global Positioning System Accuracy Under Varying Forest Canopy Conditions. [A thesis for Master Degree]. State University of New York.2004.
[35]SAE. Electromagnetic Susceptibility Measurment Procedures for Vehicle Components-SAE J1113,1987
[36] Agrawal, Jai P. Power Electronic System Theory And Design. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,2001
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