中华鲟幼鱼饲料中适宜替代鱼粉蛋白源和脂肪源研究
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摘要
本研究采用在饲料中以大豆浓缩蛋白、肉骨粉替代不同比例鱼粉蛋白和等量添加不同脂肪源的方法,考察中华鲟幼鱼生长指标和相关生理生化指标的变化,确定中华鲟饲料中大豆浓缩蛋白、肉骨粉替代鱼粉的合适比例,筛选适宜的脂肪源。具
体研究内容和结果如下：1.大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血脂和体成分的影响研究
分别用大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代饲料中0(R0,对照组),15%(R15),30%(R30)和45%(R45)的鱼粉蛋白,配制成4组等氮等能的饲料,喂养中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼(58.00±2.69g)10周,每组投喂3个重复,研究SPC对中华鲟幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分的影响。结果发现：随替代比例的增加,中华鲟幼鱼的增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)逐渐降低,肥满度和肝体指数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。FE在R30组出现显著差异(P<0.05),WG、SGR和PER在R45组出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。随替代比例的增加,血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量无显著变化(P>0.05),胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三脂(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量逐渐降低。CHOL、TG和LDL-C含量在R30组出现显著差异(P<0.05)。随替代比例的增加,肌肉和肝脏水分逐渐升高,脂肪逐渐降低,蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。R30和R45组的肌肉和肝脏水分含量显著高于R0组(P<0.05),脂肪含量显著低于R0组(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分等指标,中华鲟幼鱼饲料中SPC替代鱼粉蛋白的比例可达30%
2.肉骨粉替代鱼粉对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血脂和体成分的影响研究
分别用肉骨粉(MBM)替代饲料中0,15%,30%和45%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成4组等氮等能的饲料,喂养中华鲟幼鱼(57.45±0.55g)10周,每组投喂3个重复。结果发现：除肝脏蛋白含量有差异外(P<0.05),随替代比例的增加,中华鲟幼鱼的WG、SGR、FE、PER、肥满度、肝体指数、体成分、CHOL、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分等指标,中华鲟幼鱼饲料中MBM替代鱼粉蛋白的比例可达45%。
3.饲料中不同脂肪源对中华鲟幼鱼生长、体成分和血液指标的影响研究
以鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、花生油(GO)、菜籽油(RO)、玉米油(CO)、鱼油+猪油(FPL)、猪油(PL)为脂肪源,配制7组等氮等能的试验饲料,喂养中华鲟幼鱼(47.52±1.44g)10周,研究不同脂肪源对中华鲟幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、血液学指标及体成分的影响。研究结果发现：1.FO组的WG和SGR与SO和CO差异不显著(P>0.05),显著高于其他四组(P<0.05)；FO和PL组的饲料系数显著低于GO组(P<0.05)。2.不同脂肪源对中华鲟幼鱼的肝体比和肥满度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3.GO和PL组的肌肉水分显著高于FO(P<0.05);FO组的肌肉脂肪显著高于CO和PL(P<0.05),而显著低于SO(P＜0.05)。PL组的肝脏水分显著高于其他六组(P<0.05)；脂肪显著低于其他六组(P<0.05)。4.CO、FO、SO组的CHOLTG显著低于GO、PL和FPL(P＜0.05);PL组的HDL-C显著高于FO、SO(P< 0.05)；FO、SO组的LDL-C显著低于其他组(P<0.05)；FO、GO、CO组的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著低于SO、PL和FPL组(P<0.05)。在本试验中,以生长和生理指标为判断依据,鱼油是中华鲟幼鱼饲料中最优的脂肪源,玉米油可以和鱼油取得类似的效果,大豆油次之,菜籽油、猪油和混合油效果相近,花生油效果最差。
The change of growth and related physiological and biochemical indices of juvenile Chinese sturgeon was investigated by replacing fish meal with soy protein concentration (SPC), meat and bone meal(MBM) and adding equivalent different lipid sources in dietary to ascertain the proper replacing proportion of SPC, MBM and screen suitable lipid sources. The contents and results are as follows:
1. Effects of Soy Protein Concentration on Growth Performance, Plasma Lipids and Carcass Composition of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon
Juvenile Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)(58.00±2.69g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets which contained four levels of soy protein concentration(SPC) to replace fish meal protein [0(R0，control group),15%(R15),30% (R30) and 45% (R45)] for 10 weeks, to investigate the effects of SPC on growth performance, feed utilization, hematology and carcass composition. With the increase of SPC ratio in diets, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased, but condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) had no significant difference. FE presented statistical significance in R30(P < 0.05), WG, SGR and PER showed statistical significance in R45(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol content(P> 0.05), but plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased as SPC ratio increased(P< 0.05). CHOL, TG and LDL-C presented statistical significance in R30(P< 0.05). In muscle and liver, with the increasing SPC ratio in diets, moisture content increased(P< 0.05), but fat content reversed, and protein content had no significant difference(P> 0.05). Muscle and liver moisture content of R30 and R45 were significantly higher than R0(P< 0.05), while fat content were significantly lower than R0(P< 0.05). Based on the results of growth performance, feed utilization, plasma lipids and carcass composition, the replacement level of SPC for fish meal protein could be 30%.
2. Effects of meat and bone meal on Growth Performance, Plasma Lipids and Carcass Composition of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon
Juvenile Chinese sturgeon (57.45±0.55g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets which contained four levels of meat and bone meal(MBM) to replace fish meal protein(0,15%,30% and 45%) for 10 weeks, to investigate the effects of MBM on growth performance, feed utilization, hematology and carcass composition. Except liver protein content(P< 0.05), there were no significance difference in WG, SGR, FE, PER, CF, HIS, CHOL, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C as MBM ratio increased(P> 0.05). The replacement level of MBM for fish meal protein could be 45%.
3. Effects of Dietary lipid sources on Growth Performance, Carcass Composition and Blood Parameters of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon
Seven experimental fish meal-based isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing any 9%-added fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SO), groundnut oil (GO), pork lard(PL) or pork lard: fish oil(1:1, PFL)were formulated to investigate the effects of different lipids on growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass composition and blood parameters of juvenile Chinese sturgeon(47.52±1.44g).
The results showed that:1. WG and SGR in FO had no significant difference (P> 0.05) with SO and CO, but was obviously higher (P< 0.05) than the other four groups; FCR in FO and PL was significantly lower than GO(P< 0.05).2. HSI and CF showed no significant difference among all the groups (P> 0.05).3. Muscle moisture content in GO and PL was significantly higher than FO(P< 0.05); Muscle crude fat content in FO was significantly higher than CO and PL(P< 0.05), but obviously lower than SO(P< 0.05). Liver moisture in PL was significantly higher than the other groups(P< 0.05), while liver crude fat inversed.4. CHOL and TG in CO, FO and SO were significantly lower than GO, PL and FPL(P< 0.05). HDL-C in PL showed higher content than FO and SO(P< 0.05); LDL-C in FO and SO showed lower content than other groups(P< 0.05); ALT and AST in FO, GO, CO showed lower content than SO, PL and FPL(P< 0.05). In this experiment, judged from growth and biochemical indices, the best lipid source was fish oil, corn oil can achieve the similar effect of fish oil, followed by soybean oil, rapseed oil, pork lard and mixed oil had almost the some effects, and groundnut oil was the worst.
体研究内容和结果如下：1.大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血脂和体成分的影响研究
分别用大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代饲料中0(R0,对照组),15%(R15),30%(R30)和45%(R45)的鱼粉蛋白,配制成4组等氮等能的饲料,喂养中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼(58.00±2.69g)10周,每组投喂3个重复,研究SPC对中华鲟幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分的影响。结果发现：随替代比例的增加,中华鲟幼鱼的增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)逐渐降低,肥满度和肝体指数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。FE在R30组出现显著差异(P<0.05),WG、SGR和PER在R45组出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。随替代比例的增加,血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量无显著变化(P>0.05),胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三脂(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量逐渐降低。CHOL、TG和LDL-C含量在R30组出现显著差异(P<0.05)。随替代比例的增加,肌肉和肝脏水分逐渐升高,脂肪逐渐降低,蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。R30和R45组的肌肉和肝脏水分含量显著高于R0组(P<0.05),脂肪含量显著低于R0组(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分等指标,中华鲟幼鱼饲料中SPC替代鱼粉蛋白的比例可达30%
2.肉骨粉替代鱼粉对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血脂和体成分的影响研究
分别用肉骨粉(MBM)替代饲料中0,15%,30%和45%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成4组等氮等能的饲料,喂养中华鲟幼鱼(57.45±0.55g)10周,每组投喂3个重复。结果发现：除肝脏蛋白含量有差异外(P<0.05),随替代比例的增加,中华鲟幼鱼的WG、SGR、FE、PER、肥满度、肝体指数、体成分、CHOL、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分等指标,中华鲟幼鱼饲料中MBM替代鱼粉蛋白的比例可达45%。
3.饲料中不同脂肪源对中华鲟幼鱼生长、体成分和血液指标的影响研究
以鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、花生油(GO)、菜籽油(RO)、玉米油(CO)、鱼油+猪油(FPL)、猪油(PL)为脂肪源,配制7组等氮等能的试验饲料,喂养中华鲟幼鱼(47.52±1.44g)10周,研究不同脂肪源对中华鲟幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、血液学指标及体成分的影响。研究结果发现：1.FO组的WG和SGR与SO和CO差异不显著(P>0.05),显著高于其他四组(P<0.05)；FO和PL组的饲料系数显著低于GO组(P<0.05)。2.不同脂肪源对中华鲟幼鱼的肝体比和肥满度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3.GO和PL组的肌肉水分显著高于FO(P<0.05);FO组的肌肉脂肪显著高于CO和PL(P<0.05),而显著低于SO(P＜0.05)。PL组的肝脏水分显著高于其他六组(P<0.05)；脂肪显著低于其他六组(P<0.05)。4.CO、FO、SO组的CHOLTG显著低于GO、PL和FPL(P＜0.05);PL组的HDL-C显著高于FO、SO(P< 0.05)；FO、SO组的LDL-C显著低于其他组(P<0.05)；FO、GO、CO组的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著低于SO、PL和FPL组(P<0.05)。在本试验中,以生长和生理指标为判断依据,鱼油是中华鲟幼鱼饲料中最优的脂肪源,玉米油可以和鱼油取得类似的效果,大豆油次之,菜籽油、猪油和混合油效果相近,花生油效果最差。
The change of growth and related physiological and biochemical indices of juvenile Chinese sturgeon was investigated by replacing fish meal with soy protein concentration (SPC), meat and bone meal(MBM) and adding equivalent different lipid sources in dietary to ascertain the proper replacing proportion of SPC, MBM and screen suitable lipid sources. The contents and results are as follows:
1. Effects of Soy Protein Concentration on Growth Performance, Plasma Lipids and Carcass Composition of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon
Juvenile Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)(58.00±2.69g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets which contained four levels of soy protein concentration(SPC) to replace fish meal protein [0(R0，control group),15%(R15),30% (R30) and 45% (R45)] for 10 weeks, to investigate the effects of SPC on growth performance, feed utilization, hematology and carcass composition. With the increase of SPC ratio in diets, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased, but condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) had no significant difference. FE presented statistical significance in R30(P < 0.05), WG, SGR and PER showed statistical significance in R45(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol content(P> 0.05), but plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased as SPC ratio increased(P< 0.05). CHOL, TG and LDL-C presented statistical significance in R30(P< 0.05). In muscle and liver, with the increasing SPC ratio in diets, moisture content increased(P< 0.05), but fat content reversed, and protein content had no significant difference(P> 0.05). Muscle and liver moisture content of R30 and R45 were significantly higher than R0(P< 0.05), while fat content were significantly lower than R0(P< 0.05). Based on the results of growth performance, feed utilization, plasma lipids and carcass composition, the replacement level of SPC for fish meal protein could be 30%.
2. Effects of meat and bone meal on Growth Performance, Plasma Lipids and Carcass Composition of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon
Juvenile Chinese sturgeon (57.45±0.55g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets which contained four levels of meat and bone meal(MBM) to replace fish meal protein(0,15%,30% and 45%) for 10 weeks, to investigate the effects of MBM on growth performance, feed utilization, hematology and carcass composition. Except liver protein content(P< 0.05), there were no significance difference in WG, SGR, FE, PER, CF, HIS, CHOL, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C as MBM ratio increased(P> 0.05). The replacement level of MBM for fish meal protein could be 45%.
3. Effects of Dietary lipid sources on Growth Performance, Carcass Composition and Blood Parameters of Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon
Seven experimental fish meal-based isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing any 9%-added fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SO), groundnut oil (GO), pork lard(PL) or pork lard: fish oil(1:1, PFL)were formulated to investigate the effects of different lipids on growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass composition and blood parameters of juvenile Chinese sturgeon(47.52±1.44g).
The results showed that:1. WG and SGR in FO had no significant difference (P> 0.05) with SO and CO, but was obviously higher (P< 0.05) than the other four groups; FCR in FO and PL was significantly lower than GO(P< 0.05).2. HSI and CF showed no significant difference among all the groups (P> 0.05).3. Muscle moisture content in GO and PL was significantly higher than FO(P< 0.05); Muscle crude fat content in FO was significantly higher than CO and PL(P< 0.05), but obviously lower than SO(P< 0.05). Liver moisture in PL was significantly higher than the other groups(P< 0.05), while liver crude fat inversed.4. CHOL and TG in CO, FO and SO were significantly lower than GO, PL and FPL(P< 0.05). HDL-C in PL showed higher content than FO and SO(P< 0.05); LDL-C in FO and SO showed lower content than other groups(P< 0.05); ALT and AST in FO, GO, CO showed lower content than SO, PL and FPL(P< 0.05). In this experiment, judged from growth and biochemical indices, the best lipid source was fish oil, corn oil can achieve the similar effect of fish oil, followed by soybean oil, rapseed oil, pork lard and mixed oil had almost the some effects, and groundnut oil was the worst.
引文
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