西藏墨竹工卡县甲玛铜多金属矿成矿流体特征及演化
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摘要
甲玛铜多金属矿床构造上位于冈底斯火山—岩浆弧东段,矿床就位于甲玛—阿多中生代盆地中段中部,矿体主要赋存于甲玛弧后盆地上侏罗统多底沟组矽卡岩中和角岩的构造裂隙带内,矿体受继承于层间构造的区域性推覆构造、矿区滑覆构造及其所产生的次级褶皱控制。矿体在平面上呈北西西走向,倾向北北东,矿体总体上隐伏-半隐伏,呈层状、似层状、透镜状,矿体在走向上长3400米,沿倾向方向延伸超过2000米。整个矿床的形成可分为5个阶段:岩浆-热液阶段、岩浆期后热液阶段、干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物-方解石阶段。
对熔融包裹体和流体中包裹体的测温研究可知甲玛铜金属矿床斑岩体形成温度为730-1080℃,斑岩体中流体开始出溶的压力为59.1 MPa。5个成矿阶段的温度为170~540℃,盐度集中在15%-50%范围内,密度为0.9233-1.0805g/cm3,成矿流体主要为NaCl -H2O体系和NaCl-CO2-H2O体系共存。成矿压力小于37.3MPa,主要成矿于0.6519深度以上,属浅成高温岩浆热液矿床。
通过流体包裹体的离子成分、气相成分比值与图解、氢氧同位素数据分析,表明甲玛铜金属矿床的成矿流体为岩浆来源,并具有后期大气降水的混入。成矿流体的形成和演化经历了岩浆出溶、超临界流体的相分离、流体的减压沸腾作用,岩浆热液、挥发分与碳酸盐围岩接触带的充填/交代作用。岩浆-热液演化过程中的成矿元素,从最早的岩浆结晶分异阶段开始到岩浆期后热液阶段,都强烈地选择性进入挥发份气相中进行迁移。成矿流体温度降低,Eh升高,pH、fO2、fS2降低,是引起溶液中铜、金、钼等的硫化物发生沉淀的有利条件,流体的减压沸腾、混合作用最终导致成矿元素的沉淀。甲玛铜多金属矿床的斑岩岩浆经历了下地壳和地幔的混染地质作用,矿床在成因上与统一的斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统中的岩浆-热液成矿作用有关。
Jiama polymetallic copper deposit locates in east of Gangdese volcano - magmatic arc. The main orebodies are hosted in stratiform structural zone between limestone of the upper Jurassic and sandy slate, chert of the low Cretaceous, and are controlled by sub-fold produced regional thrust nappe structure and ore field gliding nappe structures. The length is about 3400m with the strike NWW and over 2000m with the dip NNE. The orebodies are blindsemi-blind overall. The morphology of orebodies are stratiform,beded,lenticular. The stages for the formation of the deposit are magmatic–hydrothermal transitional stage, postmagmatic hydrothermal stage, prograde stage, retrograde stage and quartz- sulfide-calcite stage.
The study on homogenization and the characteristics of melt inclusions and fliud inclusions in Jiama Polymetallic Copper Deposit show that the porphyry body’s formation temperature is 730-1080℃, the exsolution pressure of fluid is 59.1 MPa. The temperature of five mineralization stages is 170-540℃, the salinity concentrate in 15%-50%,and the density is 0.9233-1.0805g/cm3. The ore-forming fluids is mainly NaCl-H2O system and NaCl-CO2-H2O system. Ore pressure is less than 37.3MPa, mineralized mainly above 0.6519km, it is a high temperatured,hypabyssal and magmatic-hydrothermal deposit
The ratio of ion compositions, gas compositions, illustrated diagrams and the analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotope, indicate that the ore-forming fluids of Jiama Polymetallic Copper Deposit is origined from magma, with the mixing of precipitate water in later period. The formation and evolution of ore-forming fluids experienced exsolution of magma, phase separation of supercritical fluid, decompression and boiling, the filling or metasomatism between magmatic hydrotherm-volatile and carbonate wall rocks. The metallogenic elements selectively enter in the volatile and transport. Decreasing temperature,pH,fO2,fS2 and increasing Eh are the favourable conditions for the deposition of sulfides such as Cu,Au,Mo in the Ore-forming fluids. The decompression,boiling,and mixing cause the deposition of metallogenic elements finally. The porphyry magma experienced contamination of upper earth crust and earth mantle. The deposit genesis is related to magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization in the Unified Porphyry- Skarn-Epithermal Ore-forming system.
对熔融包裹体和流体中包裹体的测温研究可知甲玛铜金属矿床斑岩体形成温度为730-1080℃,斑岩体中流体开始出溶的压力为59.1 MPa。5个成矿阶段的温度为170~540℃,盐度集中在15%-50%范围内,密度为0.9233-1.0805g/cm3,成矿流体主要为NaCl -H2O体系和NaCl-CO2-H2O体系共存。成矿压力小于37.3MPa,主要成矿于0.6519深度以上,属浅成高温岩浆热液矿床。
通过流体包裹体的离子成分、气相成分比值与图解、氢氧同位素数据分析,表明甲玛铜金属矿床的成矿流体为岩浆来源,并具有后期大气降水的混入。成矿流体的形成和演化经历了岩浆出溶、超临界流体的相分离、流体的减压沸腾作用,岩浆热液、挥发分与碳酸盐围岩接触带的充填/交代作用。岩浆-热液演化过程中的成矿元素,从最早的岩浆结晶分异阶段开始到岩浆期后热液阶段,都强烈地选择性进入挥发份气相中进行迁移。成矿流体温度降低,Eh升高,pH、fO2、fS2降低,是引起溶液中铜、金、钼等的硫化物发生沉淀的有利条件,流体的减压沸腾、混合作用最终导致成矿元素的沉淀。甲玛铜多金属矿床的斑岩岩浆经历了下地壳和地幔的混染地质作用,矿床在成因上与统一的斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统中的岩浆-热液成矿作用有关。
Jiama polymetallic copper deposit locates in east of Gangdese volcano - magmatic arc. The main orebodies are hosted in stratiform structural zone between limestone of the upper Jurassic and sandy slate, chert of the low Cretaceous, and are controlled by sub-fold produced regional thrust nappe structure and ore field gliding nappe structures. The length is about 3400m with the strike NWW and over 2000m with the dip NNE. The orebodies are blindsemi-blind overall. The morphology of orebodies are stratiform,beded,lenticular. The stages for the formation of the deposit are magmatic–hydrothermal transitional stage, postmagmatic hydrothermal stage, prograde stage, retrograde stage and quartz- sulfide-calcite stage.
The study on homogenization and the characteristics of melt inclusions and fliud inclusions in Jiama Polymetallic Copper Deposit show that the porphyry body’s formation temperature is 730-1080℃, the exsolution pressure of fluid is 59.1 MPa. The temperature of five mineralization stages is 170-540℃, the salinity concentrate in 15%-50%,and the density is 0.9233-1.0805g/cm3. The ore-forming fluids is mainly NaCl-H2O system and NaCl-CO2-H2O system. Ore pressure is less than 37.3MPa, mineralized mainly above 0.6519km, it is a high temperatured,hypabyssal and magmatic-hydrothermal deposit
The ratio of ion compositions, gas compositions, illustrated diagrams and the analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotope, indicate that the ore-forming fluids of Jiama Polymetallic Copper Deposit is origined from magma, with the mixing of precipitate water in later period. The formation and evolution of ore-forming fluids experienced exsolution of magma, phase separation of supercritical fluid, decompression and boiling, the filling or metasomatism between magmatic hydrotherm-volatile and carbonate wall rocks. The metallogenic elements selectively enter in the volatile and transport. Decreasing temperature,pH,fO2,fS2 and increasing Eh are the favourable conditions for the deposition of sulfides such as Cu,Au,Mo in the Ore-forming fluids. The decompression,boiling,and mixing cause the deposition of metallogenic elements finally. The porphyry magma experienced contamination of upper earth crust and earth mantle. The deposit genesis is related to magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization in the Unified Porphyry- Skarn-Epithermal Ore-forming system.
引文
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