表面非光滑三维自组装膜的制备及其摩擦磨损性能研究
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摘要
摩擦磨损是机械零件失效的主要形式之一。由摩擦引起的磨损、润滑、材料与能源消耗等一系列摩擦学问题普遍存在并对社会、经济的发展产生了巨大影响。一般来说,降低材料的摩擦磨损的主要途径有(1)合理的选择材料与研制耐磨材料；(2)润滑；(3)表面处理；(4)改进结构设计,提高加工和装配精度。本文以提高材料本身性能、构造材料表面仿生微结构为出发点,制备了PET/高岭土纳米复合材料,并对其复合微球进行了三维自组装,最终得到IPN聚合物/PET/高岭土仿生复合薄膜,并对其摩擦磨损性能进行了评价。通过正交试验法研究了复合微球平均粒径、微量振荡器的振荡频率、砝码质量与复合微球质量分数对薄膜表面粗糙度、摩擦系数的影响,利用TR200表面粗糙度仪对薄膜表面粗糙度进行了表征,主要得出了以下结论：
(1)利用DMSO对高岭土进行一次插层,制备预插层体,然后通过熔融插层法以PET取代DMSO,可得到插层型PET/高岭土纳米复合材料。热失重分析表明材料的热稳定性有所提高,高岭土填充PET后新材料的摩擦系数有所降低。
(2)以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为网络剂,利用高分子网络凝胶法制备了PET/高岭土复合微球。激光粒度检测表明：在一定范围内,复合微球平均粒径、单分散性随PVA浓度的增大而变小,粒径越小,单分散性也越好。
(3)通过实验研究PET/高岭土复合微球平均粒径、砝码质量、振荡频率以及微球质量分数对薄膜摩擦系数、表面粗糙度Ra值的影响：当PET/高岭土复合微球平均粒径为1.15μm、振荡频率为2KHZ、砝码质量为80g、微球质量分数为18%时自组装膜的摩擦系数、Ra均取得最小值。摩擦系数随载荷的增大而增大,耐磨次数随载荷的增加而减少。表面粗糙度Ra与摩擦系数呈非线性对应关系。
(4)利用TR200表面粗糙度仪对自组装薄膜表面粗糙度进行了测量,分析表明,薄膜表面具有比较均匀的凸包/凹坑微结构分布,并具有分形特性,分形维数D在1.66-1.77之间。
(5)由三维自组装技术制备的薄膜在低载荷下具有良好的减摩耐磨性,有望用于低载荷和高滑动速度下工作元件的减摩抗磨防护膜。
Wear is one of the most important reason for failure of material and mechanical equipments. It has an enormous influence for the development of society and economy. Generally speaking, there are four main methods to reduce materials'wear failure. Fist,rational chselect materials and developed new wear-resistant materials. Second, lubrication. Third, surface treatment. Fourth, improved structure design, improved the machining and assembling accuracy. For improving the materials themselves performance and structural bionic microstructures on material surface, IPN/PET/Kaolin film was prepared and its tribological behavior was researched. The relationship betwween friction coefficient and average particle of microspheres, oscillation frequency, farmar quality and mass of microspheres were discussed. The main conclusions as follows:
(1)DMSO was used to inserted the layer of kaolin fist, then it was takn place of by PET through melt intercalation method. Thermogravimetic analysis shows that the material thermal stability improved, new material's friction coefficient is reduced.
(2)PVA for network agent, PET/kaolin composite microspheres were prepared using polymer network gel method. The average particle size and dispersion of composite microspheres decreased with PVA concentration.
(3)The relationship betwween friction coefficient, surface roughness and average particle size of microspheres, oscillation frequency, farmar quality and mass of microspheres was researched. When average particle size of microspheres is 1.15μm, oscillation frequency is 2KHZ, farmar quality is 80g, mass of microspheres is 18%, friction coefficient and surface roughness get minimum value. Friction coefficient increases with load increases, wear-resisting times decrease with load increases. Friction coefficient and surface roughness has nonlinear corresponding relationship.
(4)The surface roughness of self-assembled film was measured using TR200 surface roughness instrument. It shows that surface of the film has homogenous convex package/indentation microstructure distribution, and possesses fractal characteristics, the value of D is betwween 1.66 and 1.77.
(5)The film has well tribological behavior in small load condition prepared by 3d self-assembly technology, has prospective that be used in low load and high speed sliding work condition as anti-wear protective film.
(1)利用DMSO对高岭土进行一次插层,制备预插层体,然后通过熔融插层法以PET取代DMSO,可得到插层型PET/高岭土纳米复合材料。热失重分析表明材料的热稳定性有所提高,高岭土填充PET后新材料的摩擦系数有所降低。
(2)以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为网络剂,利用高分子网络凝胶法制备了PET/高岭土复合微球。激光粒度检测表明：在一定范围内,复合微球平均粒径、单分散性随PVA浓度的增大而变小,粒径越小,单分散性也越好。
(3)通过实验研究PET/高岭土复合微球平均粒径、砝码质量、振荡频率以及微球质量分数对薄膜摩擦系数、表面粗糙度Ra值的影响：当PET/高岭土复合微球平均粒径为1.15μm、振荡频率为2KHZ、砝码质量为80g、微球质量分数为18%时自组装膜的摩擦系数、Ra均取得最小值。摩擦系数随载荷的增大而增大,耐磨次数随载荷的增加而减少。表面粗糙度Ra与摩擦系数呈非线性对应关系。
(4)利用TR200表面粗糙度仪对自组装薄膜表面粗糙度进行了测量,分析表明,薄膜表面具有比较均匀的凸包/凹坑微结构分布,并具有分形特性,分形维数D在1.66-1.77之间。
(5)由三维自组装技术制备的薄膜在低载荷下具有良好的减摩耐磨性,有望用于低载荷和高滑动速度下工作元件的减摩抗磨防护膜。
Wear is one of the most important reason for failure of material and mechanical equipments. It has an enormous influence for the development of society and economy. Generally speaking, there are four main methods to reduce materials'wear failure. Fist,rational chselect materials and developed new wear-resistant materials. Second, lubrication. Third, surface treatment. Fourth, improved structure design, improved the machining and assembling accuracy. For improving the materials themselves performance and structural bionic microstructures on material surface, IPN/PET/Kaolin film was prepared and its tribological behavior was researched. The relationship betwween friction coefficient and average particle of microspheres, oscillation frequency, farmar quality and mass of microspheres were discussed. The main conclusions as follows:
(1)DMSO was used to inserted the layer of kaolin fist, then it was takn place of by PET through melt intercalation method. Thermogravimetic analysis shows that the material thermal stability improved, new material's friction coefficient is reduced.
(2)PVA for network agent, PET/kaolin composite microspheres were prepared using polymer network gel method. The average particle size and dispersion of composite microspheres decreased with PVA concentration.
(3)The relationship betwween friction coefficient, surface roughness and average particle size of microspheres, oscillation frequency, farmar quality and mass of microspheres was researched. When average particle size of microspheres is 1.15μm, oscillation frequency is 2KHZ, farmar quality is 80g, mass of microspheres is 18%, friction coefficient and surface roughness get minimum value. Friction coefficient increases with load increases, wear-resisting times decrease with load increases. Friction coefficient and surface roughness has nonlinear corresponding relationship.
(4)The surface roughness of self-assembled film was measured using TR200 surface roughness instrument. It shows that surface of the film has homogenous convex package/indentation microstructure distribution, and possesses fractal characteristics, the value of D is betwween 1.66 and 1.77.
(5)The film has well tribological behavior in small load condition prepared by 3d self-assembly technology, has prospective that be used in low load and high speed sliding work condition as anti-wear protective film.
引文
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[31]姜涛,邵忠宝,马国峰,高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米SrCeO.90Y0.1002.95粉体[J],有色矿冶,2004,20(4)：45-46
[32]谢峰.环氧/聚氨酯-二氧化硅杂化材料的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究.武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
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[2]中经网产业数据库,http://cyk.cei.gov.cn.
[3]任露泉,王再宙,韩志武.仿生非光滑表面滑动摩擦磨损试验研究[J],农业机械学报,2003,34(2)：86-88.
[4]张振夫,周飞等,滑动表面仿生微结构的摩擦学效应[J],机械制造研究,2009,38(3)：65-70.
[5]D.A. Rigney and J. P. Hirth, Plastic deformation and sliding friction metals,53(1979): 345-370.
[6]Hornbogen E. Microstructure and Wear Elsever,1981.
[7]程红,孙久荣,李连桥,等.臭蜣螂体壁体表结构及其与减粘脱附关系。昆虫学报2002,45(2)：175-181.
[8]洪筠,崔占荣,任露泉,仿生犁与普通犁作业综合经济效益的对比分析[J],农业机械学报,2006，37(10)：93-96
[9]孙久荣,戴振东,非光滑表面仿生学[J],自然科学进展,2008,18(3)：241-243
[10]丛茜,任露泉,吴连奎.几何非光滑生物体表面形态的分类和研究[J],农业工程学报,1992,8(2)：7-12
[11]张剑锋,摩擦磨损与抗磨技术[M],天津：天津科技翻译出版公司,1993
[12]刑丽,张复实等.自组装技术及其研究进展[J],世界科技研究与发展,2007,29(3)：39-41
[13]张宏宇.基于氢键的聚合物多层膜的构筑与结构调控[D].吉林：吉林大学,2005.
[14]Blodge R K. B, Langmuir I. Built-up films of barium stearate and their optical properties[Y]. Phys. Rev.1937,51-964.
[15]P N Pusey, W Megen. Nature,1986,320:340-342.
[16]周倩,董鹏,程丙英.SiO2胶体颗粒的三维有序自组装,化学通报,2004,38(4)：290-294
[17]M Holgado, F G Santamaria, A Blanco et al. Langmuir,1999,15:4701-4704.
[18]S Park, Y Xia. Langmuir,1999,15(1):266-273.
[19]F Meseguer, A Blanco, H Miguez et al. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects[J]. Metal Powder Report,2008,202:281-290.
[20]孔晓丽,刘勇兵.杨波纳米复合材料的研究进展(J]材料科学与工艺2002,10(4)：436-44
[21]夏华,高岭石/有机插层复合物的制备、性能及应用研究(D),武汉：中国地质大学博,2005.
[22]崔超,邵珊.高岭石有机插层复合材料的研究及应用现状[J],佛山陶瓷,2008,185：36-39
[23]陆荣,魏无际,张延斌.UPR/Ai2O3复合微球的密度及硬度研究[J],塑料工业,2008,36,170-174.
[24]刘强,疏水改性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备及性能研究,成都：四川大学,2007.
[25]Douy A, Odier P. Preparation of nanoscale Yba2Cu307-X powder by the polyacrylamide gel method nanostruchured materials. Mat Res Bull,1989,24 (10):119-123.
[26]殷海荣,王明华,刘岗.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶在纳米粉体制备中的应用[J],陶瓷,2006,(8)：10-11.
[27]李江勇,李岚等,高分子网络凝胶法制备ZnO超细粉体及其光学性能,发光学报,2008,29(1)：133-135.
[28]李永超,张毅,金日光.分散聚合法制备二氧化硅/聚苯乙烯单分散复合微球[J],复合材料学报,2005,22(2)：21-24.
[29]高永康,功能性PVA基复合水凝胶的制备与性能研究(D),厦门：华侨大学,2007.
[30]管秀荣,邵忠财等,高分子网络凝胶法制备TiO2复合粉体及催化性能[J],中国有色金属学报,2008,18(1)：321-324.
[31]姜涛,邵忠宝,马国峰,高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米SrCeO.90Y0.1002.95粉体[J],有色矿冶,2004,20(4)：45-46
[32]谢峰.环氧/聚氨酯-二氧化硅杂化材料的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究.武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[33]任露泉,试验优化技术[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1987,p：5-10
[34]金以文,分形几何原理及其应用[M],1998年第1版,杭州：浙江大学出版社
[35]陈国安,葛世荣,张晓云,分形几何与摩擦学进展[J],润滑与密封,1999, (5)：69-72
[36]丁欢,基于分形理论的虚拟植物仿真,上海大学硕士学位论文,2009
[37]葛世荣,粗糙表面的分形特性与分形表达研究[J],摩擦学学报,1997,17(1)：73-80
[38]葛世荣,索双富,表面轮廓分形维数计算方法的研究[J],摩擦学学报,1997,17(4)：354-362
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