塔北西部英买力地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征研究
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摘要
塔里木盆地是我国西部重要的油气资源接替区之一。而英买力地区是塔里木盆地中油气勘探程度较低的地区之一,急需对该区新领域开展有效的油气资源储层评价工作。本论文旨在运用层序地层学、沉积学、地震地质学、储层地质学等理论和方法技术,对塔里木盆地英买力地区碳酸盐岩层系的沉积相构成和储层特征进行系统研究,以期从成因控制因素分析出发,探讨储层形成条件和分布规律,为有利储集区带的预测提供科学依据。
首先,利用层序地层学原理,通过露头剖面、岩心、测井资料的综合,进行了单井剖面层序的划分,进而建立英买力地区奥陶系鹰山组和一间房组高分辨(高频)层序地层格架。鹰山组被划分为五个高频层序,一间房组被划分为两个高频层序。研究区主要发育局限台地相,进一步可划分为台内滩亚相和滩间泻湖亚相。
其次,通过对该区单井的储层岩石学和储层物性特征的研究,结合碳酸盐岩储层类型的控制因素,探讨了英买力地区碳酸盐岩储层的孔隙类型、孔渗特征、储层物性特征、储层类型特点,初步分析了英买力储层类型的主要控制因素,结合沉积相带展布及储层特征,对英买力地区进行了储层初步评价及预测。
综上所述,在英买力地区,发育优质碳酸盐岩储层的条件相对较差。但强烈的溶蚀作用和构造裂缝发育,可大大改善本区碳酸盐岩的储层物性。此外,储层受高水位体系域四级海平面下降时形成的准层序界面控制,因此储层往往发育于高频层序的顶部或中上部。综合对比分析,台内滩亚相是最为有利的沉积相带,其中以英买2-英买206-英买201-英买202井一线最为发育,且分布范围较广,具有良好的石油勘探前景。
The Tarim basin is one of the most important areas with rich hydrocarbon resources in the western part of our country, while YingMaiLi is one of the low-leveled areas of hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim basin. So it is necessary to do some effective work on reservoir evaluation of hydrocarbon resources in this area. This research aims at systematical research on Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of YingMaiLi in Tarim basin in order to inquire forming conditions and distributive rules and supply the forecast of profitable reservoir areas with scientific foundation by using sequence stratigraphical, sedimentological, seismogeological and reservoir geological theories, methods and techniques.
Firstly,We use the views of sequence straigphy ,the data of outcrop section ,drill core and logging,to plot out sequence of single well section. Furthermore we can set up the sequence of strata of YingShan and YiJianFan. YingShang group is devided into five parsequence;YiJianFan group is devided into two parsequence. It has been discovered that there are restricted platform facie ,furthermore recongnized ntra-platform shoals subfacie and beach terrace lagoon subfacie
Secondly, we investigated pore types, pore characteristics, reservoir physical properties and types of carbonate in YingMaiLi and analysed master controlling factors of reservoir types by research on drills’reservoir petrology and physical properties which are combined with controlling factors of carbonate reservoir types. Then we evaluate and forecast Ordovician carbonate reservoir qulity in YingMaiLi by combining reservoir characteristics and distributive characteristics of sedimentary facies.
Finally,in summary, we can find that there are relatively poor conditions to develop high-grade carbonate reservoirs in YingMaiLi, while intensive denudation and growing of structural bracks can greatly improve physical properties of reservoir in this area. In addition, reservoir is controlled by four grade offing drop forms.This is cause that reservoir is appeared the top or middle of parasequence. There is a profitable reservoir belt in intra-platform shoals subfacie, especially the line of well YM2-YM206-YM201-YM202, it has well foreground of oil exploitation.
首先,利用层序地层学原理,通过露头剖面、岩心、测井资料的综合,进行了单井剖面层序的划分,进而建立英买力地区奥陶系鹰山组和一间房组高分辨(高频)层序地层格架。鹰山组被划分为五个高频层序,一间房组被划分为两个高频层序。研究区主要发育局限台地相,进一步可划分为台内滩亚相和滩间泻湖亚相。
其次,通过对该区单井的储层岩石学和储层物性特征的研究,结合碳酸盐岩储层类型的控制因素,探讨了英买力地区碳酸盐岩储层的孔隙类型、孔渗特征、储层物性特征、储层类型特点,初步分析了英买力储层类型的主要控制因素,结合沉积相带展布及储层特征,对英买力地区进行了储层初步评价及预测。
综上所述,在英买力地区,发育优质碳酸盐岩储层的条件相对较差。但强烈的溶蚀作用和构造裂缝发育,可大大改善本区碳酸盐岩的储层物性。此外,储层受高水位体系域四级海平面下降时形成的准层序界面控制,因此储层往往发育于高频层序的顶部或中上部。综合对比分析,台内滩亚相是最为有利的沉积相带,其中以英买2-英买206-英买201-英买202井一线最为发育,且分布范围较广,具有良好的石油勘探前景。
The Tarim basin is one of the most important areas with rich hydrocarbon resources in the western part of our country, while YingMaiLi is one of the low-leveled areas of hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim basin. So it is necessary to do some effective work on reservoir evaluation of hydrocarbon resources in this area. This research aims at systematical research on Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of YingMaiLi in Tarim basin in order to inquire forming conditions and distributive rules and supply the forecast of profitable reservoir areas with scientific foundation by using sequence stratigraphical, sedimentological, seismogeological and reservoir geological theories, methods and techniques.
Firstly,We use the views of sequence straigphy ,the data of outcrop section ,drill core and logging,to plot out sequence of single well section. Furthermore we can set up the sequence of strata of YingShan and YiJianFan. YingShang group is devided into five parsequence;YiJianFan group is devided into two parsequence. It has been discovered that there are restricted platform facie ,furthermore recongnized ntra-platform shoals subfacie and beach terrace lagoon subfacie
Secondly, we investigated pore types, pore characteristics, reservoir physical properties and types of carbonate in YingMaiLi and analysed master controlling factors of reservoir types by research on drills’reservoir petrology and physical properties which are combined with controlling factors of carbonate reservoir types. Then we evaluate and forecast Ordovician carbonate reservoir qulity in YingMaiLi by combining reservoir characteristics and distributive characteristics of sedimentary facies.
Finally,in summary, we can find that there are relatively poor conditions to develop high-grade carbonate reservoirs in YingMaiLi, while intensive denudation and growing of structural bracks can greatly improve physical properties of reservoir in this area. In addition, reservoir is controlled by four grade offing drop forms.This is cause that reservoir is appeared the top or middle of parasequence. There is a profitable reservoir belt in intra-platform shoals subfacie, especially the line of well YM2-YM206-YM201-YM202, it has well foreground of oil exploitation.
引文
[1]贾承造,魏国齐,等.塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚集规律.新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):177～183
[2]童晓光,梁狄刚.塔里木盆地油气勘探论文集[C].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992.
[3]贾承造,等.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[4]刘延莉.新疆三塘湖盆地P、J储层地质学.硕士学位论文.西安:西北大学,2004.
[5]周志毅.塔里木盆地各纪地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]顾家裕,塔里木盆地沉积层序特征及演化.石油工业出版社,1996.
[7]张恺.论塔里木盆地类型、演化特征及含油气远景评价[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(1):1～15.
[8]陈发景,汪新文,张光亚,等.新疆塔里木盆地北部构造演化与油气关系[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[9]吴国干,李华启,初宝洁,等.塔里木盆地东部大地构造演化与油气成藏[J].大地构造与成矿学,2002,26(3):229～234.
[10]刘振宇贺伦俊等,英买202井完井地质报告,中石油天然气总公司,塔里木石油勘探开发指挥部,1993
[11]张光亚,贾进华,等,塔里木板块构造演化、盆地综合分析与目标评价.“九五”项目成果报告,2000.
[12]赵宗举,赵治信等.塔里木盆地奥陶系牙形石带及沉积层序[J].地层学杂志,2006,3(30):193-203.
[13]熊剑飞、武涛、叶德胜等,新疆巴楚中-晚奥陶世牙形刺研究新进展[J].古生物学报,45(3):359-373,2006.
[14]曹晓光等,塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.科学出版社, 1996.
[15]乐昌硕,于炳松等,新疆塔里木盆地北部层序地层及沉积学研究.地质出版社, 1996.
[16]曾允孚,夏文杰.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1986.
[17]赵澄林,朱筱敏,沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[18]纪友亮,层序地层学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.
[19]姜在兴,沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[20]张厚福,方朝亮,高先志等.石油地质学.北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[21]张涛等,塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层发育规律研究.中石化西北分公司科研项目成果报告,2004.
[22]赵星,李江海,程海艳等.塔北西部英买力地区英买2工区古生界盐构造样式研究[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(1):115～125.
[23]李建交,吕修祥,杨宁等.塔里木盆地英买力北坡碳酸盐岩风化壳油藏成因探讨[J].河南石油,2003,17(1):1～5.
[24]刘玉魁,郑多明,王建宁等.塔里木英买力低凸起奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(5):587～591..
[25]杨宁,吕修祥,李建交等.塔里木盆地英买力地区英买32井碳酸盐岩油气藏成藏模式.新疆地质,2005,27(6):828～830.
[26]赵明,甘华军,岳勇,等.塔里木盆地古城墟隆起西端奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及预测[J].中国地质,2009,36(1):93-100.
[27]周志毅,陈丕基.塔里木生物地层和地质演化.北京:科学出版社.1990.
[28]樊太亮,车长波,张金川,于炳松,等.塔里木盆地常规油气资源评价.中国地质大学(北京),国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心,成果报告,2005.
[29]邓军,于炳松,樊太亮,姜在兴,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层特征与油气成藏背景.中国地质大学(北京),成果报告,2007.
[30] T.A.Cross, Stratigraphic controlls on reservoir attributes in continental strata, 2000, 7(4): 322～350
[31] G. dev.Klein. Current aspects of basin analysis. Sedimentary Geology, 1987, 50: 95～118.
[32] R.V. Imgersoll. Tectonics of sedimentary basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1988, 100: 1704～1719.
[33] Sangree J.B. et al. A summary of exploration applications of sequence stratigraphy. GCSSEPM foundation Eleventh Annual Research Conference Program and Abstract, 1990, 321～327.
[34] Brown LF, Jr.Fisher WL. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration [J]. AAPG, Continuing Education Course Note Series, 1980, (16).
[35] Achour Madi. Hydrocarbon potential of the Mississippian carbonate platform, Bechar Basin, Algerian sahara, AAPG Bulletin, 2000, 84(2): 266～287.
[36] Allen P.A., Allen J.R. Basin analysis, principles and application. Blackwell Scientific Publication. 1990.
[37] Guy H.Silence, Maurice E.Tucker. Modeling carbonate microfacies in the context of high-frequency dynamic relative sea-level and environment changes-Reply. 2000. 170(6): 1335～1336.
[38] James N.P., Kendall A.C. Introduction to carbonate and evaporate facies models. Facies Models, Geologic Association, Canada, 1992.
[39] Maurice E.Tucker. Sedimentary petrology. Blackwell Scientific Publication. 2003.
[2]童晓光,梁狄刚.塔里木盆地油气勘探论文集[C].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992.
[3]贾承造,等.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[4]刘延莉.新疆三塘湖盆地P、J储层地质学.硕士学位论文.西安:西北大学,2004.
[5]周志毅.塔里木盆地各纪地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]顾家裕,塔里木盆地沉积层序特征及演化.石油工业出版社,1996.
[7]张恺.论塔里木盆地类型、演化特征及含油气远景评价[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(1):1～15.
[8]陈发景,汪新文,张光亚,等.新疆塔里木盆地北部构造演化与油气关系[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[9]吴国干,李华启,初宝洁,等.塔里木盆地东部大地构造演化与油气成藏[J].大地构造与成矿学,2002,26(3):229～234.
[10]刘振宇贺伦俊等,英买202井完井地质报告,中石油天然气总公司,塔里木石油勘探开发指挥部,1993
[11]张光亚,贾进华,等,塔里木板块构造演化、盆地综合分析与目标评价.“九五”项目成果报告,2000.
[12]赵宗举,赵治信等.塔里木盆地奥陶系牙形石带及沉积层序[J].地层学杂志,2006,3(30):193-203.
[13]熊剑飞、武涛、叶德胜等,新疆巴楚中-晚奥陶世牙形刺研究新进展[J].古生物学报,45(3):359-373,2006.
[14]曹晓光等,塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展.科学出版社, 1996.
[15]乐昌硕,于炳松等,新疆塔里木盆地北部层序地层及沉积学研究.地质出版社, 1996.
[16]曾允孚,夏文杰.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1986.
[17]赵澄林,朱筱敏,沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[18]纪友亮,层序地层学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.
[19]姜在兴,沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[20]张厚福,方朝亮,高先志等.石油地质学.北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[21]张涛等,塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层发育规律研究.中石化西北分公司科研项目成果报告,2004.
[22]赵星,李江海,程海艳等.塔北西部英买力地区英买2工区古生界盐构造样式研究[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(1):115～125.
[23]李建交,吕修祥,杨宁等.塔里木盆地英买力北坡碳酸盐岩风化壳油藏成因探讨[J].河南石油,2003,17(1):1～5.
[24]刘玉魁,郑多明,王建宁等.塔里木英买力低凸起奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(5):587～591..
[25]杨宁,吕修祥,李建交等.塔里木盆地英买力地区英买32井碳酸盐岩油气藏成藏模式.新疆地质,2005,27(6):828～830.
[26]赵明,甘华军,岳勇,等.塔里木盆地古城墟隆起西端奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及预测[J].中国地质,2009,36(1):93-100.
[27]周志毅,陈丕基.塔里木生物地层和地质演化.北京:科学出版社.1990.
[28]樊太亮,车长波,张金川,于炳松,等.塔里木盆地常规油气资源评价.中国地质大学(北京),国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心,成果报告,2005.
[29]邓军,于炳松,樊太亮,姜在兴,等.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层特征与油气成藏背景.中国地质大学(北京),成果报告,2007.
[30] T.A.Cross, Stratigraphic controlls on reservoir attributes in continental strata, 2000, 7(4): 322～350
[31] G. dev.Klein. Current aspects of basin analysis. Sedimentary Geology, 1987, 50: 95～118.
[32] R.V. Imgersoll. Tectonics of sedimentary basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1988, 100: 1704～1719.
[33] Sangree J.B. et al. A summary of exploration applications of sequence stratigraphy. GCSSEPM foundation Eleventh Annual Research Conference Program and Abstract, 1990, 321～327.
[34] Brown LF, Jr.Fisher WL. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration [J]. AAPG, Continuing Education Course Note Series, 1980, (16).
[35] Achour Madi. Hydrocarbon potential of the Mississippian carbonate platform, Bechar Basin, Algerian sahara, AAPG Bulletin, 2000, 84(2): 266～287.
[36] Allen P.A., Allen J.R. Basin analysis, principles and application. Blackwell Scientific Publication. 1990.
[37] Guy H.Silence, Maurice E.Tucker. Modeling carbonate microfacies in the context of high-frequency dynamic relative sea-level and environment changes-Reply. 2000. 170(6): 1335～1336.
[38] James N.P., Kendall A.C. Introduction to carbonate and evaporate facies models. Facies Models, Geologic Association, Canada, 1992.
[39] Maurice E.Tucker. Sedimentary petrology. Blackwell Scientific Publication. 2003.